//! Transform:
//! ```
//! use ::tengri::{output::*, tui::*};
//! let area: [u16;4] = [10, 10, 20, 20];
//! fn test (area: [u16;4], item: &impl Content<TuiOut>, expected: [u16;4]) {
//!     assert_eq!(Content::layout(item, area), expected);
//!     assert_eq!(Render::layout(item, area),  expected);
//! };
//! test(area, &(), [20, 20, 0, 0]);
//!
//! test(area, &Fill::xy(()), area);
//! test(area, &Fill::x(()),  [10, 20, 20, 0]);
//! test(area, &Fill::y(()),  [20, 10, 0, 20]);
//!
//! //FIXME:test(area, &Fixed::x(4, ()),     [18, 20, 4, 0]);
//! //FIXME:test(area, &Fixed::y(4, ()),     [20, 18, 0, 4]);
//! //FIXME:test(area, &Fixed::xy(4, 4, unit), [18, 18, 4, 4]);
//! ```
//! Align:
//! ```
//! use ::tengri::{output::*, tui::*};
//! let area: [u16;4] = [10, 10, 20, 20];
//! fn test (area: [u16;4], item: &impl Content<TuiOut>, expected: [u16;4]) {
//!     assert_eq!(Content::layout(item, area), expected);
//!     assert_eq!(Render::layout(item, area),  expected);
//! };
//!
//! let four = ||Fixed::xy(4, 4, "");
//! test(area, &Align::nw(four()), [10, 10, 4, 4]);
//! test(area, &Align::n(four()),  [18, 10, 4, 4]);
//! test(area, &Align::ne(four()), [26, 10, 4, 4]);
//! test(area, &Align::e(four()),  [26, 18, 4, 4]);
//! test(area, &Align::se(four()), [26, 26, 4, 4]);
//! test(area, &Align::s(four()),  [18, 26, 4, 4]);
//! test(area, &Align::sw(four()), [10, 26, 4, 4]);
//! test(area, &Align::w(four()),  [10, 18, 4, 4]);
//!
//! let two_by_four = ||Fixed::xy(4, 2, "");
//! test(area, &Align::nw(two_by_four()), [10, 10, 4, 2]);
//! test(area, &Align::n(two_by_four()),  [18, 10, 4, 2]);
//! test(area, &Align::ne(two_by_four()), [26, 10, 4, 2]);
//! test(area, &Align::e(two_by_four()),  [26, 19, 4, 2]);
//! test(area, &Align::se(two_by_four()), [26, 28, 4, 2]);
//! test(area, &Align::s(two_by_four()),  [18, 28, 4, 2]);
//! test(area, &Align::sw(two_by_four()), [10, 28, 4, 2]);
//! test(area, &Align::w(two_by_four()),  [10, 19, 4, 2]);
//! ```

use crate::*;
use Direction::*;
use std::marker::PhantomData;
use std::sync::{Arc, RwLock};

/// Stack things on top of each other,
#[macro_export] macro_rules! lay (($($expr:expr),* $(,)?) =>
    {{ let bsp = (); $(let bsp = Bsp::b(bsp, $expr);)*; bsp }});
/// Stack southward.
#[macro_export] macro_rules! col (($($expr:expr),* $(,)?) =>
    {{ let bsp = (); $(let bsp = Bsp::s(bsp, $expr);)*; bsp }});
/// Stack northward.
#[macro_export] macro_rules! col_up (($($expr:expr),* $(,)?) =>
    {{ let bsp = (); $(let bsp = Bsp::n(bsp, $expr);)*; bsp }});
/// Stack eastward.
#[macro_export] macro_rules! row (($($expr:expr),* $(,)?) =>
    {{ let bsp = (); $(let bsp = Bsp::e(bsp, $expr);)*; bsp }});
/// Show an item only when a condition is true.
pub struct When<A>(pub bool, pub A);
impl<A> When<A> {
    /// Create a binary condition.
    pub const fn new (c: bool, a: A) -> Self { Self(c, a) }
}
impl<E: Output, A: Render<E>> Content<E> for When<A> {
    fn layout (&self, to: E::Area) -> E::Area {
        let Self(cond, item) = self;
        let mut area = E::Area::zero();
        if *cond {
            let item_area = item.layout(to);
            area[0] = item_area.x();
            area[1] = item_area.y();
            area[2] = item_area.w();
            area[3] = item_area.h();
        }
        area.into()
    }
    fn render (&self, to: &mut E) {
        let Self(cond, item) = self;
        if *cond { item.render(to) }
    }
}

/// Show one item if a condition is true and another if the condition is false
pub struct Either<A, B>(pub bool, pub A, pub B);
impl<A, B> Either<A, B> {
    /// Create a ternary view condition.
    pub const fn new (c: bool, a: A, b: B) -> Self { Self(c, a, b) }
}
impl<E: Output, A: Render<E>, B: Render<E>> Content<E> for Either<A, B> {
    fn layout (&self, to: E::Area) -> E::Area {
        let Self(cond, a, b) = self;
        if *cond { a.layout(to) } else { b.layout(to) }
    }
    fn render (&self, to: &mut E) {
        let Self(cond, a, b) = self;
        if *cond { a.render(to) } else { b.render(to) }
    }
}

/// 9th of area to place.
#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, Default)]
pub enum Alignment { #[default] Center, X, Y, NW, N, NE, E, SE, S, SW, W }

pub struct Align<A>(Alignment, A);

impl<A> Align<A> {
    #[inline] pub const fn c  (a: A) -> Self { Self(Alignment::Center, a) }
    #[inline] pub const fn x  (a: A) -> Self { Self(Alignment::X,      a) }
    #[inline] pub const fn y  (a: A) -> Self { Self(Alignment::Y,      a) }
    #[inline] pub const fn n  (a: A) -> Self { Self(Alignment::N,      a) }
    #[inline] pub const fn s  (a: A) -> Self { Self(Alignment::S,      a) }
    #[inline] pub const fn e  (a: A) -> Self { Self(Alignment::E,      a) }
    #[inline] pub const fn w  (a: A) -> Self { Self(Alignment::W,      a) }
    #[inline] pub const fn nw (a: A) -> Self { Self(Alignment::NW,     a) }
    #[inline] pub const fn sw (a: A) -> Self { Self(Alignment::SW,     a) }
    #[inline] pub const fn ne (a: A) -> Self { Self(Alignment::NE,     a) }
    #[inline] pub const fn se (a: A) -> Self { Self(Alignment::SE,     a) }
}

impl<E: Output, A: Content<E>> Content<E> for Align<A> {
    fn content (&self) -> impl Render<E> + '_ {
        &self.1
    }
    fn layout (&self, on: E::Area) -> E::Area {
        use Alignment::*;
        let it = Render::layout(&self.content(), on).xywh();
        let cx = on.x()+(on.w().minus(it.w())/2.into());
        let cy = on.y()+(on.h().minus(it.h())/2.into());
        let fx = (on.x()+on.w()).minus(it.w());
        let fy = (on.y()+on.h()).minus(it.h());
        let [x, y] = match self.0 {
            Center => [cx, cy],
            X =>  [cx, it.y()],
            Y =>  [it.x(), cy],
            NW => [on.x(), on.y()],
            N  => [cx,     on.y()],
            NE => [fx,     on.y()],
            W  => [on.x(), cy],
            E  => [fx,     cy],
            SW => [on.x(), fy],
            S  => [cx,     fy],
            SE => [fx,     fy],
        }.into();
        [x, y, it.w(), it.h()].into()
    }
    fn render (&self, to: &mut E) {
        to.place(Content::layout(self, to.area()), &self.content())
    }
}

/// A split or layer.
pub struct Bsp<A, B>(
    pub(crate) Direction,
    pub(crate) A,
    pub(crate) B,
);
impl<A, B> Bsp<A, B> {
    #[inline] pub const fn n (a: A, b: B) -> Self { Self(North, a, b) }
    #[inline] pub const fn s (a: A, b: B) -> Self { Self(South, a, b) }
    #[inline] pub const fn e (a: A, b: B) -> Self { Self(East,  a, b) }
    #[inline] pub const fn w (a: A, b: B) -> Self { Self(West,  a, b) }
    #[inline] pub const fn a (a: A, b: B) -> Self { Self(Above, a, b) }
    #[inline] pub const fn b (a: A, b: B) -> Self { Self(Below, a, b) }
}
impl<E: Output, A: Content<E>, B: Content<E>> Content<E> for Bsp<A, B> {
    fn layout (&self, outer: E::Area) -> E::Area { let [_, _, c] = self.areas(outer); c }
    fn render (&self, to: &mut E) {
        let [area_a, area_b, _] = self.areas(to.area());
        let (a, b) = self.contents();
        match self.0 {
            Below => { to.place(area_a, a); to.place(area_b, b); },
            _     => { to.place(area_b, b); to.place(area_a, a); }
        }
    }
}
impl<E: Output, A: Content<E>, B: Content<E>> BspAreas<E, A, B> for Bsp<A, B> {
    fn direction (&self) -> Direction { self.0 }
    fn contents (&self) -> (&A, &B) { (&self.1, &self.2) }
}
pub trait BspAreas<E: Output, A: Content<E>, B: Content<E>> {
    fn direction (&self) -> Direction;
    fn contents (&self) -> (&A, &B);
    fn areas (&self, outer: E::Area) -> [E::Area;3] {
        let direction = self.direction();
        let [x, y, w, h] = outer.xywh();
        let (a, b) = self.contents();
        let [aw, ah] = a.layout(outer).wh();
        let [bw, bh] = b.layout(match direction {
            Above | Below => outer,
            South => [x, y + ah, w, h.minus(ah)].into(),
            North => [x, y, w, h.minus(ah)].into(),
            East  => [x + aw, y, w.minus(aw), h].into(),
            West  => [x, y, w.minus(aw), h].into(),
        }).wh();
        match direction {
            Above | Below => {
                let [x, y, w, h] = outer.center_xy([aw.max(bw), ah.max(bh)]);
                let a = [(x + w/2.into()).minus(aw/2.into()), (y + h/2.into()).minus(ah/2.into()), aw, ah];
                let b = [(x + w/2.into()).minus(bw/2.into()), (y + h/2.into()).minus(bh/2.into()), bw, bh];
                [a.into(), b.into(), [x, y, w, h].into()]
            },
            South => {
                let [x, y, w, h] = outer.center_xy([aw.max(bw), ah + bh]);
                let a = [(x + w/2.into()).minus(aw/2.into()), y, aw, ah];
                let b = [(x + w/2.into()).minus(bw/2.into()), y + ah, bw, bh];
               [a.into(), b.into(), [x, y, w, h].into()]
            },
            North => {
                let [x, y, w, h] = outer.center_xy([aw.max(bw), ah + bh]);
                let a = [(x + (w/2.into())).minus(aw/2.into()), y + bh, aw, ah];
                let b = [(x + (w/2.into())).minus(bw/2.into()), y, bw, bh];
                [a.into(), b.into(), [x, y, w, h].into()]
            },
            East => {
                let [x, y, w, h] = outer.center_xy([aw + bw, ah.max(bh)]);
                let a = [x,      (y + h/2.into()).minus(ah/2.into()), aw, ah];
                let b = [x + aw, (y + h/2.into()).minus(bh/2.into()), bw, bh];
                [a.into(), b.into(), [x, y, w, h].into()]
            },
            West => {
                let [x, y, w, h] = outer.center_xy([aw + bw, ah.max(bh)]);
                let a = [x + bw, (y + h/2.into()).minus(ah/2.into()), aw, ah];
                let b = [x,      (y + h/2.into()).minus(bh/2.into()), bw, bh];
                [a.into(), b.into(), [x, y, w, h].into()]
            },
        }
    }
}

/// Defines an enum that transforms its content
/// along either the X axis, the Y axis, or both.
macro_rules! transform_xy {
    ($x:literal $y:literal $xy:literal |$self:ident : $Enum:ident, $to:ident|$area:expr) => {
        pub enum $Enum<A> { X(A), Y(A), XY(A) }
        impl<A> $Enum<A> {
            #[inline] pub const fn x  (item: A) -> Self { Self::X(item)  }
            #[inline] pub const fn y  (item: A) -> Self { Self::Y(item)  }
            #[inline] pub const fn xy (item: A) -> Self { Self::XY(item) }
        }
        impl<E: Output, T: Content<E>> Content<E> for $Enum<T> {
            fn content (&self) -> impl Render<E> + '_ {
                match self {
                    Self::X(item)  => item,
                    Self::Y(item)  => item,
                    Self::XY(item) => item,
                }
            }
            fn layout (&$self, $to: <E as Output>::Area) -> <E as Output>::Area {
                use $Enum::*;
                $area
            }
        }
    }
}

/// Defines an enum that parametrically transforms its content
/// along either the X axis, the Y axis, or both.
macro_rules! transform_xy_unit {
    ($x:literal $y:literal $xy:literal |$self:ident : $Enum:ident, $to:ident|$layout:expr) => {
        pub enum $Enum<U, A> { X(U, A), Y(U, A), XY(U, U, A), }
        impl<U, A> $Enum<U, A> {
            #[inline] pub const fn x (x: U, item: A) -> Self { Self::X(x, item) }
            #[inline] pub const fn y (y: U, item: A) -> Self { Self::Y(y, item) }
            #[inline] pub const fn xy (x: U, y: U, item: A) -> Self { Self::XY(x, y, item) }
        }
        impl<E: Output, T: Content<E>> Content<E> for $Enum<E::Unit, T> {
            fn layout (&$self, $to: E::Area) -> E::Area {
                $layout.into()
            }
            fn content (&self) -> impl Render<E> + '_ {
                use $Enum::*;
                Some(match self { X(_, c) => c, Y(_, c) => c, XY(_, _, c) => c, })
            }
        }
        impl<U: Coordinate, T> $Enum<U, T> {
            #[inline] pub fn dx (&self) -> U {
                use $Enum::*;
                match self { X(x, _) => *x, Y(_, _) => 0.into(), XY(x, _, _) => *x, }
            }
            #[inline] pub fn dy (&self) -> U {
                use $Enum::*;
                match self { X(_, _) => 0.into(), Y(y, _) => *y, XY(_, y, _) => *y, }
            }
        }
    }
}

transform_xy!("fill/x" "fill/y" "fill/xy" |self: Fill, to|{
    let [x0, y0, wmax, hmax] = to.xywh();
    let [x, y, w, h] = self.content().layout(to).xywh();
    match self {
        X(_)  => [x0, y, wmax, h],
        Y(_)  => [x, y0, w, hmax],
        XY(_) => [x0, y0, wmax, hmax],
    }.into()
});

transform_xy_unit!("fixed/x" "fixed/y" "fixed/xy"|self: Fixed, area|{
    let [x, y, w, h] = area.xywh();
    let fixed_area = match self {
        Self::X(fw, _) => [x, y, *fw, h],
        Self::Y(fh, _) => [x, y, w, *fh],
        Self::XY(fw, fh, _) => [x, y, *fw, *fh],
    };
    let [x, y, w, h] = Render::layout(&self.content(), fixed_area.into()).xywh();
    let fixed_area = match self {
        Self::X(fw, _) => [x, y, *fw, h],
        Self::Y(fh, _) => [x, y, w, *fh],
        Self::XY(fw, fh, _) => [x, y, *fw, *fh],
    };
    fixed_area
});

transform_xy_unit!("min/x" "min/y" "min/xy"|self: Min, area|{
    let area = Render::layout(&self.content(), area);
    match self {
        Self::X(mw, _)      => [area.x(), area.y(), area.w().max(*mw), area.h()],
        Self::Y(mh, _)      => [area.x(), area.y(), area.w(),          area.h().max(*mh)],
        Self::XY(mw, mh, _) => [area.x(), area.y(), area.w().max(*mw), area.h().max(*mh)],
    }
});

transform_xy_unit!("max/x" "max/y" "max/xy"|self: Max, area|{
    let [x, y, w, h] = area.xywh();
    Render::layout(&self.content(), match self {
        Self::X(fw, _) => [x, y, *fw, h],
        Self::Y(fh, _) => [x, y, w, *fh],
        Self::XY(fw, fh, _) => [x, y, *fw, *fh],
    }.into())
});

transform_xy_unit!("shrink/x" "shrink/y" "shrink/xy"|self: Shrink, area|Render::layout(
    &self.content(),
    [area.x(), area.y(), area.w().minus(self.dx()), area.h().minus(self.dy())].into()));

transform_xy_unit!("expand/x" "expand/y" "expand/xy"|self: Expand, area|Render::layout(
    &self.content(),
    [area.x(), area.y(), area.w().plus(self.dx()), area.h().plus(self.dy())].into()));

transform_xy_unit!("push/x" "push/y" "push/xy"|self: Push, area|{
    let area = Render::layout(&self.content(), area);
    [area.x().plus(self.dx()), area.y().plus(self.dy()), area.w(), area.h()]
});

transform_xy_unit!("pull/x" "pull/y" "pull/xy"|self: Pull, area|{
    let area = Render::layout(&self.content(), area);
    [area.x().minus(self.dx()), area.y().minus(self.dy()), area.w(), area.h()]
});

transform_xy_unit!("margin/x" "margin/y" "margin/xy"|self: Margin, area|{
    let area = Render::layout(&self.content(), area);
    let dx = self.dx();
    let dy = self.dy();
    [area.x().minus(dx), area.y().minus(dy), area.w().plus(dy.plus(dy)), area.h().plus(dy.plus(dy))]
});

transform_xy_unit!("padding/x" "padding/y" "padding/xy"|self: Padding, area|{
    let area = Render::layout(&self.content(), area);
    let dx = self.dx();
    let dy = self.dy();
    [area.x().plus(dx), area.y().plus(dy), area.w().minus(dy.plus(dy)), area.h().minus(dy.plus(dy))]
});

/// Enabling the `dsl` feature implements [FromDsl] for
/// the layout elements that are provided by this crate.
#[cfg(feature = "dsl")] mod ops_dsl {
    use crate::*;
    //use ::tengri_dsl::*;

    //macro_rules! dsl {
        //($(
            //($Struct:ident $(<$($A:ident),+>)? $op:literal $(/)? [$($arg:ident $(:$ty:ty)?),*] $expr:expr)
        //)*) => {
            //$(
                //impl<S,$($($A),+)?> FromDsl<S> for $Struct$(<$($A),+>)? {
                    //fn try_from_dsl (
                        //state: &S, dsl: &impl Dsl
                    //) -> Perhaps<Self> {
                        //todo!()
                    //}
                //}
            //)*
        //}
    //}

    macro_rules! dsl {
        (
            $Struct:ident $(<$($A:ident),+>)?
            $op:literal $(/)? [$head: ident, $tail: ident] $expr:expr
        ) => {
            impl<S,$($($A),+)?> FromDsl<S> for $Struct$(<$($A),+>)? {
                fn from_dsl (
                    _state: &S, _dsl: &impl Dsl
                ) -> Perhaps<Self> {
                    todo!()
                }
            }
        }
    }

    macro_rules! dsl_ns {
        (
            $Struct:ident $(<$($A:ident),+>)?
            $op:literal $(/)? [$head: ident, $tail: ident] $expr:expr
        ) => {
            impl<S,$($($A),+)?> FromDsl<S> for $Struct$(<$($A),+>)? {
                fn from_dsl (
                    _state: &S, _dsl: &impl Dsl
                ) -> Perhaps<Self> {
                    todo!()
                }
            }
        }
    }

    dsl!(When<A> "when" [_head, tail] Self(tail(0)?, tail(1)?));

    dsl!(Either<A, B> "either" [_head, tail] Self(tail(0)?, tail(1)?, tail(2)?));

    dsl_ns!(Align<A> "align/" [head, tail] match head {
        "c"  => Self::c(tail(0)?),
        "x"  => Self::x(tail(0)?),
        "y"  => Self::y(tail(0)?),
        "n"  => Self::n(tail(0)?),
        "s"  => Self::s(tail(0)?),
        "e"  => Self::e(tail(0)?),
        "w"  => Self::w(tail(0)?),
        "nw" => Self::nw(tail(0)?),
        "ne" => Self::ne(tail(0)?),
        "sw" => Self::sw(tail(0)?),
        "se" => Self::se(tail(0)?),
        _ => return Err("invalid align variant".into()) });

    dsl_ns!(Bsp<A, B> "bsp/" [head, tail] match head {
        "n" => Self::n(tail(0)?, tail(1)?),
        "s" => Self::s(tail(0)?, tail(1)?),
        "e" => Self::e(tail(0)?, tail(1)?),
        "w" => Self::w(tail(0)?, tail(1)?),
        "a" => Self::a(tail(0)?, tail(1)?),
        "b" => Self::b(tail(0)?, tail(1)?),
        _ => return Err("invalid bsp variant".into()) });

    dsl_ns!(Fill<A> "fill/" [head, tail] match x {
        "x"  => Self::x(tail(0)?),
        "y"  => Self::y(tail(0)?),
        "xy" => Self::xy(tail(0)?),
        _ => return Err("invalid fill variant".into()) });

    dsl_ns!(Fixed<U, A> "fixed/" [head, tail] match x {
        "x"  => Self::x(tail(0)?, tail(1)?),
        "y"  => Self::y(tail(0)?, tail(1)?),
        "xy" => Self::xy(tail(0)?, tail(1)?, tail(2)?),
        _ => return Err("invalid fill variant".into()) });

    dsl_ns!(Min<U, A> "min/" [head, tail] match x {
        "x"  => Self::x(tail(0)?, tail(1)?),
        "y"  => Self::y(tail(0)?, tail(1)?),
        "xy" => Self::xy(tail(0)?, tail(1)?, tail(2)?),
        _ => return Err("invalid min variant".into()) });

    dsl_ns!(Max<U, A> "max/" [head, tail] match x {
        "x"  => Self::x(tail(0)?, tail(1)?),
        "y"  => Self::y(tail(0)?, tail(1)?),
        "xy" => Self::xy(tail(0)?, tail(1)?, tail(2)?),
        _ => return Err("invalid max variant".into()) });

    dsl_ns!(Shrink<U, A> "shrink/" [head, tail] match x {
        "x"  => Self::x(tail(0)?, tail(1)?),
        "y"  => Self::y(tail(0)?, tail(1)?),
        "xy" => Self::xy(tail(0)?, tail(1)?, tail(2)?),
        _ => return Err("invalid min variant".into()) });

    dsl_ns!(Expand<U, A> "expand/" [head, tail] match x {
        "x"  => Self::x(tail(0)?, tail(1)?),
        "y"  => Self::y(tail(0)?, tail(1)?),
        "xy" => Self::xy(tail(0)?, tail(1)?, tail(2)?),
        _ => return Err("invalid max variant".into()) });

    dsl_ns!(Pull<U, A> "pull/" [head, tail] match x {
        "x"  => Self::x(tail(0)?, tail(1)?),
        "y"  => Self::y(tail(0)?, tail(1)?),
        "xy" => Self::xy(tail(0)?, tail(1)?, tail(2)?),
        _ => return Err("invalid max variant".into()) });

    dsl_ns!(Push<U, A> "push/" [head, tail] match x {
        "x"  => Self::x(tail(0)?, tail(1)?),
        "y"  => Self::y(tail(0)?, tail(1)?),
        "xy" => Self::xy(tail(0)?, tail(1)?, tail(2)?),
        _ => return Err("invalid max variant".into()) });

    dsl_ns!(Margin<U, A> "margin/" [head, tail] match x {
        "x"  => Self::x(tail(0)?, tail(1)?),
        "y"  => Self::y(tail(0)?, tail(1)?),
        "xy" => Self::xy(tail(0)?, tail(1)?, tail(2)?),
        _ => return Err("invalid max variant".into()) });

    dsl_ns!(Padding<U, A> "padding/" [head, tail] match x {
        "x"  => Self::x(tail(0)?, tail(1)?),
        "y"  => Self::y(tail(0)?, tail(1)?),
        "xy" => Self::xy(tail(0)?, tail(1)?, tail(2)?),
        _ => return Err("invalid max variant".into()) });
}

/// Lazily-evaluated [Render]able.
pub struct Thunk<E: Output, T: Render<E>, F: Fn()->T>(
    PhantomData<E>,
    F
);
impl<E: Output, T: Render<E>, F: Fn()->T> Thunk<E, T, F> {
    pub const fn new (thunk: F) -> Self {
        Self(PhantomData, thunk)
    }
}
impl<E: Output, T: Render<E>, F: Fn()->T> Content<E> for Thunk<E, T, F> {
    fn content (&self) -> impl Render<E> { (self.1)() }
}

pub struct ThunkBox<E: Output>(
    PhantomData<E>,
    Box<dyn Fn()->Box<dyn Render<E>>>,
);
impl<E: Output> ThunkBox<E> {
    pub const fn new (thunk: Box<dyn Fn()->Box<dyn Render<E>>>) -> Self {
        Self(PhantomData, thunk)
    }
}
impl<E: Output> Content<E> for ThunkBox<E> {
    fn content (&self) -> impl Render<E> { (&self.1)() }
}
impl<E: Output> From<Box<dyn Fn()->Box<dyn Render<E>>>> for ThunkBox<E> {
    fn from (f: Box<dyn Fn()->Box<dyn Render<E>>>) -> Self {
        Self(PhantomData, f)
    }
}
//impl<'a, E: Output, F: Fn()->Box<dyn Render<E> + 'a> + 'a> From<F> for ThunkBox<'a, E> {
    //fn from (f: F) -> Self {
        //Self(Default::default(), Box::new(f))
    //}
//}

pub struct ThunkRender<E: Output, F: Fn(&mut E)>(PhantomData<E>, F);
impl<E: Output, F: Fn(&mut E)> ThunkRender<E, F> {
    pub fn new (render: F) -> Self { Self(PhantomData, render) }
}
impl<E: Output, F: Fn(&mut E)> Content<E> for ThunkRender<E, F> {
    fn render (&self, to: &mut E) { (self.1)(to) }
}

pub struct ThunkLayout<
    E: Output,
    F1: Fn(E::Area)->E::Area, 
    F2: Fn(&mut E)
>(
    PhantomData<E>, 
    F1,
    F2
);
impl<E: Output, F1: Fn(E::Area)->E::Area, F2: Fn(&mut E)> ThunkLayout<E, F1, F2> {
    pub fn new (layout: F1, render: F2) -> Self { Self(PhantomData, layout, render) }
}
impl<E, F1, F2> Content<E> for ThunkLayout<E, F1, F2>
where
    E:  Output,
    F1: Fn(E::Area)->E::Area,
    F2: Fn(&mut E)
{
    fn layout (&self, to: E::Area) -> E::Area { (self.1)(to) }
    fn render (&self, to: &mut E) { (self.2)(to) }
}

#[derive(Debug, Default)] pub struct Memo<T, U> {
    pub value: T,
    pub view: Arc<RwLock<U>>
}

impl<T: PartialEq, U> Memo<T, U> {
    pub fn new (value: T, view: U) -> Self {
        Self { value, view: Arc::new(view.into()) }
    }
    pub fn update <R> (
        &mut self,
        newval: T,
        render: impl Fn(&mut U, &T, &T)->R
    ) -> Option<R> {
        if newval != self.value {
            let result = render(&mut*self.view.write().unwrap(), &newval, &self.value);
            self.value = newval;
            return Some(result);
        }
        None
    }
}

/// Clear a pre-allocated buffer, then write into it.
#[macro_export] macro_rules! rewrite {
    ($buf:ident, $($rest:tt)*) => { |$buf,_,_|{ $buf.clear(); write!($buf, $($rest)*) } }
}

pub struct Stack<'t, E, F1> {
    __:        PhantomData<&'t (E, F1)>,
    direction: Direction,
    callback:  F1
}
impl<'t, 'u: 't, E, F1> Stack<'t, E, F1> where
    Self: 't, E: Output, F1: Fn(&mut dyn FnMut(&dyn Render<E>)) + Send + Sync,
{
    pub fn north (callback: F1) -> Self { Self::new(North, callback) }
    pub fn south (callback: F1) -> Self { Self::new(South, callback) }
    pub fn east  (callback: F1) -> Self { Self::new(East, callback)  }
    pub fn west  (callback: F1) -> Self { Self::new(West, callback)  }
    pub fn above (callback: F1) -> Self { Self::new(Above, callback) }
    pub fn below (callback: F1) -> Self { Self::new(Below, callback) }
    pub fn new (direction: Direction, callback: F1) -> Self {
        Self { direction, callback, __: Default::default(), }
    }
}
impl<'t, 'u, E, F1> Content<E> for Stack<'t, E, F1> where
    Self: 't, E: Output, F1: Fn(&mut dyn FnMut(&dyn Render<E>)) + Send + Sync,
{
    fn layout (&self, to: E::Area) -> E::Area {
        let Self { direction, callback, .. } = self;
        let (mut x, mut y) = (to.x(), to.y());
        let (mut w_used, mut w_remaining) = (E::Unit::zero(), to.w());
        let (mut h_used, mut h_remaining) = (E::Unit::zero(), to.h());
        callback(&mut move|component: &dyn Render<E>|{
            let [_, _, w, h] = component.layout([x, y, w_remaining, h_remaining].into()).xywh();
            match direction {
                South => { y           = y.plus(h);
                           h_used      = h_used.plus(h);
                           h_remaining = h_remaining.minus(h);
                           w_used      = w_used.max(w); },
                East  => { x           = x.plus(w);
                           w_used      = w_used.plus(w);
                           w_remaining = w_remaining.minus(w);
                           h_used      = h_used.max(h); },
                North | West  => { todo!() },
                Above | Below => {},
            }
        });
        match direction {
            North | West  => { todo!() },
            South | East  => { [to.x(), to.y(), w_used.into(), h_used.into()].into() },
            Above | Below => { [to.x(), to.y(), to.w(), to.h()].into() },
        }
    }
    fn render (&self, to: &mut E) {
        let Self { direction, callback, .. } = self;
        let (mut x, mut y) = (to.x(), to.y());
        let (mut w_used, mut w_remaining) = (E::Unit::zero(), to.w());
        let (mut h_used, mut h_remaining) = (E::Unit::zero(), to.h());
        callback(&mut move|component: &dyn Render<E>|{
            let layout = component.layout([x, y, w_remaining, h_remaining].into());
            match direction {
                South => {
                    y           = y.plus(layout.h());
                    h_remaining = h_remaining.minus(layout.h());
                    h_used      = h_used.plus(layout.h()) },
                East  => {
                    x           = x.plus(layout.w());
                    w_remaining = w_remaining.minus(layout.w());
                    w_used      = w_used.plus(layout.h()) },
                North | West  => { todo!() },
                Above | Below => {}
            };
            to.place(layout, component);
        });
    }
}

/// Renders items from an iterator.
pub struct Map<E, A, B, I, F, G>
where
    I: Iterator<Item = A> + Send + Sync,
    F: Fn() -> I + Send + Sync,
{
    __: PhantomData<(E, B)>,
    /// Function that returns iterator over stacked components
    get_iter: F,
    /// Function that returns each stacked component
    get_item: G,
}

impl<'a, E, A, B, I, F, G> Map<E, A, B, I, F, G> where
    I: Iterator<Item = A> + Send + Sync + 'a,
    F: Fn() -> I + Send + Sync + 'a,
{
    pub const fn new (get_iter: F, get_item: G) -> Self {
        Self {
            __: PhantomData,
            get_iter,
            get_item
        }
    }
}

macro_rules! impl_map_direction (($name:ident, $axis:ident, $align:ident)=>{
    impl<'a, E, A, B, I, F> Map<
        E, A, Push<E::Unit, Align<Fixed<E::Unit, Fill<B>>>>, I, F, fn(A, usize)->B
    > where
        E: Output,
        B: Render<E>,
        I: Iterator<Item = A> + Send + Sync + 'a,
        F: Fn() -> I + Send + Sync + 'a
    {
        pub const fn $name (
            size:     E::Unit,
            get_iter: F,
            get_item: impl Fn(A, usize)->B + Send + Sync
        ) -> Map<
            E, A,
            Push<E::Unit, Align<Fixed<E::Unit, B>>>,
            I, F,
            impl Fn(A, usize)->Push<E::Unit, Align<Fixed<E::Unit, B>>> + Send + Sync
        > {
            Map {
                __: PhantomData,
                get_iter,
                get_item: move |item: A, index: usize|{
                    // FIXME: multiply
                    let mut push: E::Unit = E::Unit::from(0u16);
                    for _ in 0..index {
                        push = push + size;
                    }
                    Push::$axis(push, Align::$align(Fixed::$axis(size, get_item(item, index))))
                }
            }
        }
    }
});

impl_map_direction!(east,  x, w);
impl_map_direction!(south, y, n);
impl_map_direction!(west,  x, e);
impl_map_direction!(north, y, s);

impl<'a, E, A, B, I, F, G> Content<E> for Map<E, A, B, I, F, G> where
    E: Output,
    B: Render<E>,
    I: Iterator<Item = A> + Send + Sync + 'a,
    F: Fn() -> I + Send + Sync + 'a,
    G: Fn(A, usize)->B + Send + Sync
{
    fn layout (&self, area: E::Area) -> E::Area {
        let Self { get_iter, get_item, .. } = self;
        let mut index = 0;
        let [mut min_x, mut min_y] = area.center();
        let [mut max_x, mut max_y] = area.center();
        for item in get_iter() {
            let [x,y,w,h] = get_item(item, index).layout(area).xywh();
            min_x = min_x.min(x.into());
            min_y = min_y.min(y.into());
            max_x = max_x.max((x + w).into());
            max_y = max_y.max((y + h).into());
            index += 1;
        }
        let w = max_x - min_x;
        let h = max_y - min_y;
        //[min_x.into(), min_y.into(), w.into(), h.into()].into()
        area.center_xy([w.into(), h.into()].into()).into()
    }
    fn render (&self, to: &mut E) {
        let Self { get_iter, get_item, .. } = self;
        let mut index = 0;
        let area = Content::layout(self, to.area());
        for item in get_iter() {
            let item = get_item(item, index);
            //to.place(area.into(), &item);
            to.place(item.layout(area), &item);
            index += 1;
        }
    }
}

#[inline] pub fn map_south<O: Output>(
    item_offset: O::Unit,
    item_height: O::Unit,
    item: impl Content<O>
) -> impl Content<O> {
    Push::y(item_offset, Fixed::y(item_height, Fill::x(item)))
}

#[inline] pub fn map_south_west<O: Output>(
    item_offset: O::Unit,
    item_height: O::Unit,
    item: impl Content<O>
) -> impl Content<O> {
    Push::y(item_offset, Align::nw(Fixed::y(item_height, Fill::x(item))))
}

#[inline] pub fn map_east<O: Output>(
    item_offset: O::Unit,
    item_width:  O::Unit,
    item: impl Content<O>
) -> impl Content<O> {
    Push::x(item_offset, Align::w(Fixed::x(item_width, Fill::y(item))))
}

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////


    ///// The syntagm `(when :condition :content)` corresponds to a [When] layout element.
    //impl<S, A> FromDsl<S> for When<A> where bool: FromDsl<S>, A: FromDsl<S> {
        //fn try_provide (state: &S, source: &DslVal<impl DslStr, impl DslExpr>) -> Perhaps<Self> {
            //source.exp_match("when", |_, tail|Ok(Some(Self(
                //FromDsl::<S>::provide(state,
                    //tail.nth(0, ||"no condition".into())?, ||"no condition".into())?,
                //FromDsl::<S>::provide(state,
                    //tail.nth(1, ||"no content".into())?, ||"no content".into())?,
            //))))
        //}
    //}
    ///// The syntagm `(either :condition :content1 :content2)` corresponds to an [Either] layout element.
    //impl<S, A, B> FromDsl<S> for Either<A, B> where S: Eval<Ast, bool> + Eval<Ast, A> + Eval<Ast, B> {
        //fn try_provide (state: &S, source: &DslVal<impl DslStr, impl DslExpr>) -> Perhaps<Self> {
            //source.exp_match("either", |_, tail|Ok(Some(Self(
                //state.eval(tail.nth(0, ||"no condition")?, ||"no condition")?,
                //state.eval(tail.nth(1, ||"no content 1")?, ||"no content 1")?,
                //state.eval(tail.nth(2, ||"no content 1")?, ||"no content 2")?,
            //))))
        //}
    //}
    ///// The syntagm `(align/* :content)` corresponds to an [Align] layout element,
    ///// where `*` specifies the direction of the alignment.
    //impl<S, A> FromDsl<S> for Align<A> where S: Eval<Option<Ast>, A> {
        //fn try_provide (state: &S, source: &DslVal<impl DslStr, impl DslExpr>) -> Perhaps<Self> {
            //source.exp_match("align/", |head, tail|Ok(Some(match head {
                //"c"  => Self::c(state.eval(tail.nth(0,  ||"no content")?, ||"no content")),
                //"x"  => Self::x(state.eval(tail.nth(0,  ||"no content")?, ||"no content")),
                //"y"  => Self::y(state.eval(tail.nth(0,  ||"no content")?, ||"no content")),
                //"n"  => Self::n(state.eval(tail.nth(0,  ||"no content")?, ||"no content")),
                //"s"  => Self::s(state.eval(tail.nth(0,  ||"no content")?, ||"no content")),
                //"e"  => Self::e(state.eval(tail.nth(0,  ||"no content")?, ||"no content")),
                //"w"  => Self::w(state.eval(tail.nth(0,  ||"no content")?, ||"no content")),
                //"nw" => Self::nw(state.eval(tail.nth(0, ||"no content")?, ||"no content")),
                //"ne" => Self::ne(state.eval(tail.nth(0, ||"no content")?, ||"no content")),
                //"sw" => Self::sw(state.eval(tail.nth(0, ||"no content")?, ||"no content")),
                //"se" => Self::se(state.eval(tail.nth(0, ||"no content")?, ||"no content")),
                //_ => return Err("invalid align variant".into())
            //})))
        //}
    //}
    ///// The syntagm `(bsp/* :content1 :content2)` corresponds to a [Bsp] layout element,
    ///// where `*` specifies the direction of the split.
    //impl<S, A, B> FromDsl<S> for Bsp<A, B> where S: Eval<Option<Ast>, A> + Eval<Option<Ast>, B> {
        //fn try_provide (state: &S, source: &DslVal<impl DslStr, impl DslExpr>) -> Perhaps<Self> {
            //source.exp_match("bsp/", |head, tail|Ok(Some(match head {
                //"n" => Self::n(tail.nth(0, ||"no content 1"), tail.nth(1, ||"no content 2")),
                //"s" => Self::s(tail.nth(0, ||"no content 1"), tail.nth(1, ||"no content 2")),
                //"e" => Self::e(tail.nth(0, ||"no content 1"), tail.nth(1, ||"no content 2")),
                //"w" => Self::w(tail.nth(0, ||"no content 1"), tail.nth(1, ||"no content 2")),
                //"a" => Self::a(tail.nth(0, ||"no content 1"), tail.nth(1, ||"no content 2")),
                //"b" => Self::b(tail.nth(0, ||"no content 1"), tail.nth(1, ||"no content 2")),
                //_ => return Ok(None),
            //})))
        //}
    //}
            //#[cfg(feature = "dsl")] take!($Enum<A>, A|state, words|Ok(
                //if let Some(Token { value: Key(k), .. }) = words.peek() {
                    //let mut base = words.clone();
                    //let content = state.give_or_fail(words, ||format!("{k}: no content"))?;
                    //return Ok(Some(match words.next() {
                        //Some(Token{value: Key($x),..})  => Self::x(content),
                        //Some(Token{value: Key($y),..})  => Self::y(content),
                        //Some(Token{value: Key($xy),..}) => Self::xy(content),
                        //_ => unreachable!()
                    //}))
                //} else {
                    //None
                //}));
            //#[cfg(feature = "dsl")] take!($Enum<U, A>, U, A|state, words|Ok(
                //if let Some(Token { value: Key($x|$y|$xy), .. }) = words.peek() {
                    //let mut base = words.clone();
                    //Some(match words.next() {
                        //Some(Token { value: Key($x), .. }) => Self::x(
                            //state.give_or_fail(words, ||"x: no unit")?,
                            //state.give_or_fail(words, ||"x: no content")?,
                        //),
                        //Some(Token { value: Key($y), .. }) => Self::y(
                            //state.give_or_fail(words, ||"y: no unit")?,
                            //state.give_or_fail(words, ||"y: no content")?,
                        //),
                        //Some(Token { value: Key($x), .. }) => Self::xy(
                            //state.give_or_fail(words, ||"xy: no unit x")?,
                            //state.give_or_fail(words, ||"xy: no unit y")?,
                            //state.give_or_fail(words, ||"xy: no content")?
                        //),
                        //_ => unreachable!(),
                    //})
                //} else {
                    //None
                //}));
            //if let Exp(_, exp) = source.value() {
                //let mut rest = exp.clone();
                //return Ok(Some(match rest.next().as_ref().and_then(|x|x.key()) {
                    //Some("bsp/n") => Self::n(
                        //state.eval(rest.next(), ||"bsp/n: no content 1")?,
                        //state.eval(rest.next(), ||"bsp/n: no content 2")?,
                    //),
                    //Some("bsp/s") => Self::s(
                        //state.eval(rest.next(), ||"bsp/s: no content 1")?,
                        //state.eval(rest.next(), ||"bsp/s: no content 2")?,
                    //),
                    //Some("bsp/e") => Self::e(
                        //state.eval(rest.next(), ||"bsp/e: no content 1")?,
                        //state.eval(rest.next(), ||"bsp/e: no content 2")?,
                    //),
                    //Some("bsp/w") => Self::w(
                        //state.eval(rest.next(), ||"bsp/w: no content 1")?,
                        //state.eval(rest.next(), ||"bsp/w: no content 2")?,
                    //),
                    //Some("bsp/a") => Self::a(
                        //state.eval(rest.next(), ||"bsp/a: no content 1")?,
                        //state.eval(rest.next(), ||"bsp/a: no content 2")?,
                    //),
                    //Some("bsp/b") => Self::b(
                        //state.eval(rest.next(), ||"bsp/b: no content 1")?,
                        //state.eval(rest.next(), ||"bsp/b: no content 2")?,
                    //),
                    //_ => return Ok(None),
                //}))
            //}
            //Ok(None)
            //if let Exp(_, source) = source.value() {
                //let mut rest = source.clone();
                //return Ok(Some(match rest.next().as_ref().and_then(|x|x.key()) {
                    //Some("align/c")  => Self::c(state.eval(rest.next(),  ||"align/c: no content")?),
                    //Some("align/x")  => Self::x(state.eval(rest.next(),  ||"align/x: no content")?),
                    //Some("align/y")  => Self::y(state.eval(rest.next(),  ||"align/y: no content")?),
                    //Some("align/n")  => Self::n(state.eval(rest.next(),  ||"align/n: no content")?),
                    //Some("align/s")  => Self::s(state.eval(rest.next(),  ||"align/s: no content")?),
                    //Some("align/e")  => Self::e(state.eval(rest.next(),  ||"align/e: no content")?),
                    //Some("align/w")  => Self::w(state.eval(rest.next(),  ||"align/w: no content")?),
                    //Some("align/nw") => Self::nw(state.eval(rest.next(), ||"align/nw: no content")?),
                    //Some("align/ne") => Self::ne(state.eval(rest.next(), ||"align/ne: no content")?),
                    //Some("align/sw") => Self::sw(state.eval(rest.next(), ||"align/sw: no content")?),
                    //Some("align/se") => Self::se(state.eval(rest.next(), ||"align/se: no content")?),
                    //_ => return Ok(None),
                //}))
            //}
            //Ok(None)
            //Ok(match source.exp_head().and_then(|e|e.key()) {
                //Some("either") => Some(Self(
                    //source.exp_tail().and_then(|t|t.get(0)).map(|x|state.eval(x, ||"when: no condition"))?,
                    //source.exp_tail().and_then(|t|t.get(1)).map(|x|state.eval(x, ||"when: no content 1"))?,
                    //source.exp_tail().and_then(|t|t.get(2)).map(|x|state.eval(x, ||"when: no content 2"))?,
                //)),
                //_ => None
            //})
            //if let Exp(_, mut exp) = source.value()
            //&& let Some(Ast(Key(id))) = exp.peek() && *id == *"either" {
                //let _ = exp.next();
                //return Ok(Some(Self(
                    //state.eval(exp.next().unwrap(), ||"either: no condition")?,
                    //state.eval(exp.next().unwrap(), ||"either: no content 1")?,
                    //state.eval(exp.next().unwrap(), ||"either: no content 2")?,
                //)))
            //}
            //Ok(None)
            //Ok(match source.exp_head().and_then(|e|e.key()) {
                //Some("when") => Some(Self(
                    //source.exp_tail().and_then(|t|t.get(0)).map(|x|state.eval(x, ||"when: no condition"))?,
                    //source.exp_tail().and_then(|t|t.get(1)).map(|x|state.eval(x, ||"when: no content"))?,
                //)),
                //_ => None
            //})

/*Stack::down(|add|{
    let mut i = 0;
    for (_, name) in self.dirs.iter() {
        if i >= self.scroll {
            add(&Tui::bold(i == self.index, name.as_str()))?;
        }
        i += 1;
    }
    for (_, name) in self.files.iter() {
        if i >= self.scroll {
            add(&Tui::bold(i == self.index, name.as_str()))?;
        }
        i += 1;
    }
    add(&format!("{}/{i}", self.index))?;
    Ok(())
}));*/