diff --git a/.gitmodules b/.gitmodules
deleted file mode 100644
index c4e9da5..0000000
--- a/.gitmodules
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-[submodule "dizzle"]
-	path = dizzle
-	url = ssh://git@codeberg.org/unspeaker/dizzle.git
-[submodule "rust-jack"]
-	path = rust-jack
-	url = https://codeberg.org/unspeaker/rust-jack
diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 877cb78..be9dae7 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -2,22 +2,6 @@
 # It is not intended for manual editing.
 version = 4
 
-[[package]]
-name = "ab_glyph"
-version = "0.2.32"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "01c0457472c38ea5bd1c3b5ada5e368271cb550be7a4ca4a0b4634e9913f6cc2"
-dependencies = [
- "ab_glyph_rasterizer",
- "owned_ttf_parser",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "ab_glyph_rasterizer"
-version = "0.1.10"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "366ffbaa4442f4684d91e2cd7c5ea7c4ed8add41959a31447066e279e432b618"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "addr2line"
 version = "0.25.1"
@@ -33,52 +17,12 @@ version = "2.0.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "320119579fcad9c21884f5c4861d16174d0e06250625266f50fe6898340abefa"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "ahash"
-version = "0.8.12"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5a15f179cd60c4584b8a8c596927aadc462e27f2ca70c04e0071964a73ba7a75"
-dependencies = [
- "cfg-if",
- "getrandom 0.3.4",
- "once_cell",
- "version_check",
- "zerocopy",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "allocator-api2"
 version = "0.2.21"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "683d7910e743518b0e34f1186f92494becacb047c7b6bf616c96772180fef923"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "android-activity"
-version = "0.6.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ef6978589202a00cd7e118380c448a08b6ed394c3a8df3a430d0898e3a42d046"
-dependencies = [
- "android-properties",
- "bitflags 2.11.0",
- "cc",
- "cesu8",
- "jni",
- "jni-sys",
- "libc",
- "log",
- "ndk",
- "ndk-context",
- "ndk-sys",
- "num_enum",
- "thiserror 1.0.69",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "android-properties"
-version = "0.2.2"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "fc7eb209b1518d6bb87b283c20095f5228ecda460da70b44f0802523dea6da04"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "anyhow"
 version = "1.0.101"
@@ -94,30 +38,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "num-traits",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "arrayref"
-version = "0.3.9"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "76a2e8124351fda1ef8aaaa3bbd7ebbcb486bbcd4225aca0aa0d84bb2db8fecb"
-
-[[package]]
-name = "arrayvec"
-version = "0.7.6"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7c02d123df017efcdfbd739ef81735b36c5ba83ec3c59c80a9d7ecc718f92e50"
-
-[[package]]
-name = "as-raw-xcb-connection"
-version = "1.0.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "175571dd1d178ced59193a6fc02dde1b972eb0bc56c892cde9beeceac5bf0f6b"
-
-[[package]]
-name = "atomic-waker"
-version = "1.1.2"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "1505bd5d3d116872e7271a6d4e16d81d0c8570876c8de68093a09ac269d8aac0"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "atomic_float"
 version = "1.1.0"
@@ -170,27 +90,12 @@ version = "0.8.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "5e764a1d40d510daf35e07be9eb06e75770908c27d411ee6c92109c9840eaaf7"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "bitflags"
-version = "1.3.2"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "bef38d45163c2f1dde094a7dfd33ccf595c92905c8f8f4fdc18d06fb1037718a"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "bitflags"
 version = "2.11.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "843867be96c8daad0d758b57df9392b6d8d271134fce549de6ce169ff98a92af"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "block2"
-version = "0.5.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "2c132eebf10f5cad5289222520a4a058514204aed6d791f1cf4fe8088b82d15f"
-dependencies = [
- "objc2",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "bumpalo"
 version = "3.20.2"
@@ -203,44 +108,6 @@ version = "1.2.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "64fa3c856b712db6612c019f14756e64e4bcea13337a6b33b696333a9eaa2d06"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "bytemuck"
-version = "1.25.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c8efb64bd706a16a1bdde310ae86b351e4d21550d98d056f22f8a7f7a2183fec"
-
-[[package]]
-name = "bytes"
-version = "1.11.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "1e748733b7cbc798e1434b6ac524f0c1ff2ab456fe201501e6497c8417a4fc33"
-
-[[package]]
-name = "calloop"
-version = "0.13.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b99da2f8558ca23c71f4fd15dc57c906239752dd27ff3c00a1d56b685b7cbfec"
-dependencies = [
- "bitflags 2.11.0",
- "log",
- "polling",
- "rustix 0.38.44",
- "slab",
- "thiserror 1.0.69",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "calloop-wayland-source"
-version = "0.3.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "95a66a987056935f7efce4ab5668920b5d0dac4a7c99991a67395f13702ddd20"
-dependencies = [
- "calloop",
- "rustix 0.38.44",
- "wayland-backend",
- "wayland-client",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "cassowary"
 version = "0.3.0"
@@ -256,46 +123,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "rustversion",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "cc"
-version = "1.2.56"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "aebf35691d1bfb0ac386a69bac2fde4dd276fb618cf8bf4f5318fe285e821bb2"
-dependencies = [
- "find-msvc-tools",
- "jobserver",
- "libc",
- "shlex",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "cesu8"
-version = "1.1.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "6d43a04d8753f35258c91f8ec639f792891f748a1edbd759cf1dcea3382ad83c"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "cfg-if"
 version = "1.0.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "9330f8b2ff13f34540b44e946ef35111825727b38d33286ef986142615121801"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "cfg_aliases"
-version = "0.2.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "613afe47fcd5fac7ccf1db93babcb082c5994d996f20b8b159f2ad1658eb5724"
-
-[[package]]
-name = "combine"
-version = "4.6.7"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ba5a308b75df32fe02788e748662718f03fde005016435c444eea572398219fd"
-dependencies = [
- "bytes",
- "memchr",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "compact_str"
 version = "0.8.1"
@@ -310,15 +143,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "static_assertions",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "concurrent-queue"
-version = "2.5.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "4ca0197aee26d1ae37445ee532fefce43251d24cc7c166799f4d46817f1d3973"
-dependencies = [
- "crossbeam-utils",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "console"
 version = "0.15.11"
@@ -362,46 +186,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "unicode-segmentation",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "core-foundation"
-version = "0.9.4"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "91e195e091a93c46f7102ec7818a2aa394e1e1771c3ab4825963fa03e45afb8f"
-dependencies = [
- "core-foundation-sys",
- "libc",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "core-foundation-sys"
-version = "0.8.7"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "773648b94d0e5d620f64f280777445740e61fe701025087ec8b57f45c791888b"
-
-[[package]]
-name = "core-graphics"
-version = "0.23.2"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c07782be35f9e1140080c6b96f0d44b739e2278479f64e02fdab4e32dfd8b081"
-dependencies = [
- "bitflags 1.3.2",
- "core-foundation",
- "core-graphics-types",
- "foreign-types",
- "libc",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "core-graphics-types"
-version = "0.1.3"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "45390e6114f68f718cc7a830514a96f903cccd70d02a8f6d9f643ac4ba45afaf"
-dependencies = [
- "bitflags 1.3.2",
- "core-foundation",
- "libc",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "crossbeam-utils"
 version = "0.8.21"
@@ -414,7 +198,7 @@ version = "0.28.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "829d955a0bb380ef178a640b91779e3987da38c9aea133b20614cfed8cdea9c6"
 dependencies = [
- "bitflags 2.11.0",
+ "bitflags",
  "crossterm_winapi",
  "mio",
  "parking_lot",
@@ -430,7 +214,7 @@ version = "0.29.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "d8b9f2e4c67f833b660cdb0a3523065869fb35570177239812ed4c905aeff87b"
 dependencies = [
- "bitflags 2.11.0",
+ "bitflags",
  "crossterm_winapi",
  "derive_more",
  "document-features",
@@ -451,12 +235,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "winapi",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "cursor-icon"
-version = "1.2.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f27ae1dd37df86211c42e150270f82743308803d90a6f6e6651cd730d5e1732f"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "darling"
 version = "0.23.0"
@@ -513,12 +291,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "syn",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "dispatch"
-version = "0.2.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "bd0c93bb4b0c6d9b77f4435b0ae98c24d17f1c45b2ff844c6151a07256ca923b"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "dizzle"
 version = "0.1.0"
@@ -526,16 +298,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "const_panic",
  "itertools 0.14.0",
  "konst",
- "thiserror 2.0.18",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "dlib"
-version = "0.5.2"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "330c60081dcc4c72131f8eb70510f1ac07223e5d4163db481a04a0befcffa412"
-dependencies = [
- "libloading",
+ "thiserror",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -547,18 +310,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "litrs",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "downcast-rs"
-version = "1.2.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "75b325c5dbd37f80359721ad39aca5a29fb04c89279657cffdda8736d0c0b9d2"
-
-[[package]]
-name = "dpi"
-version = "0.1.2"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d8b14ccef22fc6f5a8f4d7d768562a182c04ce9a3b3157b91390b52ddfdf1a76"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "either"
 version = "1.15.0"
@@ -599,12 +350,6 @@ version = "2.3.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "37909eebbb50d72f9059c3b6d82c0463f2ff062c9e95845c43a6c9c0355411be"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "find-msvc-tools"
-version = "0.1.9"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5baebc0774151f905a1a2cc41989300b1e6fbb29aff0ceffa1064fdd3088d582"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "fnv"
 version = "1.0.7"
@@ -617,67 +362,6 @@ version = "0.1.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "d9c4f5dac5e15c24eb999c26181a6ca40b39fe946cbe4c263c7209467bc83af2"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "foreign-types"
-version = "0.5.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d737d9aa519fb7b749cbc3b962edcf310a8dd1f4b67c91c4f83975dbdd17d965"
-dependencies = [
- "foreign-types-macros",
- "foreign-types-shared",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "foreign-types-macros"
-version = "0.2.3"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "1a5c6c585bc94aaf2c7b51dd4c2ba22680844aba4c687be581871a6f518c5742"
-dependencies = [
- "proc-macro2",
- "quote",
- "syn",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "foreign-types-shared"
-version = "0.3.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "aa9a19cbb55df58761df49b23516a86d432839add4af60fc256da840f66ed35b"
-
-[[package]]
-name = "futures-core"
-version = "0.3.32"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7e3450815272ef58cec6d564423f6e755e25379b217b0bc688e295ba24df6b1d"
-
-[[package]]
-name = "futures-task"
-version = "0.3.32"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "037711b3d59c33004d3856fbdc83b99d4ff37a24768fa1be9ce3538a1cde4393"
-
-[[package]]
-name = "futures-util"
-version = "0.3.32"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "389ca41296e6190b48053de0321d02a77f32f8a5d2461dd38762c0593805c6d6"
-dependencies = [
- "futures-core",
- "futures-task",
- "pin-project-lite",
- "slab",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "gethostname"
-version = "1.1.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "1bd49230192a3797a9a4d6abe9b3eed6f7fa4c8a8a4947977c6f80025f92cbd8"
-dependencies = [
- "rustix 1.1.3",
- "windows-link",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "getrandom"
 version = "0.2.17"
@@ -743,12 +427,6 @@ version = "0.5.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "2304e00983f87ffb38b55b444b5e3b60a884b5d30c0fca7d82fe33449bbe55ea"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "hermit-abi"
-version = "0.5.2"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "fc0fef456e4baa96da950455cd02c081ca953b141298e41db3fc7e36b1da849c"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "id-arena"
 version = "2.3.0"
@@ -819,61 +497,6 @@ version = "1.0.17"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "92ecc6618181def0457392ccd0ee51198e065e016d1d527a7ac1b6dc7c1f09d2"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "jack"
-version = "0.13.0"
-dependencies = [
- "bitflags 2.11.0",
- "jack-sys",
- "lazy_static",
- "libc",
- "log",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "jack-sys"
-version = "0.5.1"
-dependencies = [
- "bitflags 2.11.0",
- "lazy_static",
- "libc",
- "libloading",
- "log",
- "pkg-config",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "jni"
-version = "0.21.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "1a87aa2bb7d2af34197c04845522473242e1aa17c12f4935d5856491a7fb8c97"
-dependencies = [
- "cesu8",
- "cfg-if",
- "combine",
- "jni-sys",
- "log",
- "thiserror 1.0.69",
- "walkdir",
- "windows-sys 0.45.0",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "jni-sys"
-version = "0.3.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "8eaf4bc02d17cbdd7ff4c7438cafcdf7fb9a4613313ad11b4f8fefe7d3fa0130"
-
-[[package]]
-name = "jobserver"
-version = "0.1.34"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "9afb3de4395d6b3e67a780b6de64b51c978ecf11cb9a462c66be7d4ca9039d33"
-dependencies = [
- "getrandom 0.3.4",
- "libc",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "js-sys"
 version = "0.3.85"
@@ -911,12 +534,6 @@ version = "0.3.10"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "00af7901ba50898c9e545c24d5c580c96a982298134e8037d8978b6594782c07"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "lazy_static"
-version = "1.5.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "bbd2bcb4c963f2ddae06a2efc7e9f3591312473c50c6685e1f298068316e66fe"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "leb128fmt"
 version = "0.1.0"
@@ -929,27 +546,6 @@ version = "0.2.182"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "6800badb6cb2082ffd7b6a67e6125bb39f18782f793520caee8cb8846be06112"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "libloading"
-version = "0.8.9"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d7c4b02199fee7c5d21a5ae7d8cfa79a6ef5bb2fc834d6e9058e89c825efdc55"
-dependencies = [
- "cfg-if",
- "windows-link",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "libredox"
-version = "0.1.12"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "3d0b95e02c851351f877147b7deea7b1afb1df71b63aa5f8270716e0c5720616"
-dependencies = [
- "bitflags 2.11.0",
- "libc",
- "redox_syscall 0.7.1",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "linux-raw-sys"
 version = "0.4.15"
@@ -998,15 +594,6 @@ version = "2.8.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "f8ca58f447f06ed17d5fc4043ce1b10dd205e060fb3ce5b979b8ed8e59ff3f79"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "memmap2"
-version = "0.9.10"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "714098028fe011992e1c3962653c96b2d578c4b4bce9036e15ff220319b1e0e3"
-dependencies = [
- "libc",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "miniz_oxide"
 version = "0.8.9"
@@ -1028,36 +615,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "windows-sys 0.61.2",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "ndk"
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 ]
 
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-
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@@ -1307,25 +639,6 @@ version = "1.21.3"
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 checksum = "42f5e15c9953c5e4ccceeb2e7382a716482c34515315f7b03532b8b4e8393d2d"
 
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-dependencies = [
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-]
-
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@@ -1369,7 +682,7 @@ checksum = "2621685985a2ebf1c516881c026032ac7deafcda1a2c9b7850dc81e3dfcb64c1"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
  "libc",
- "redox_syscall 0.5.18",
+ "redox_syscall",
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  "windows-link",
 ]
@@ -1380,12 +693,6 @@ version = "1.0.15"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "57c0d7b74b563b49d38dae00a0c37d4d6de9b432382b2892f0574ddcae73fd0a"
 
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-
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@@ -1428,52 +735,6 @@ dependencies = [
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 ]
 
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-
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-
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- "rustix 1.1.3",
- "windows-sys 0.61.2",
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-
 [[package]]
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@@ -1493,15 +754,6 @@ dependencies = [
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 ]
 
-[[package]]
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-dependencies = [
- "toml_edit",
-]
-
 [[package]]
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@@ -1519,7 +771,7 @@ checksum = "37566cb3fdacef14c0737f9546df7cfeadbfbc9fef10991038bf5015d0c80532"
 dependencies = [
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  "bit-vec",
- "bitflags 2.11.0",
+ "bitflags",
  "num-traits",
  "rand 0.9.2",
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@@ -1562,15 +814,6 @@ version = "1.2.3"
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-
 [[package]]
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@@ -1660,7 +903,7 @@ version = "0.29.0"
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 checksum = "eabd94c2f37801c20583fc49dd5cd6b0ba68c716787c2dd6ed18571e1e63117b"
 dependencies = [
- "bitflags 2.11.0",
+ "bitflags",
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@@ -1681,22 +924,7 @@ version = "11.6.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "498cd0dc59d73224351ee52a95fee0f1a617a2eae0e7d9d720cc622c73a54186"
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-
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-dependencies = [
- "bitflags 1.3.2",
+ "bitflags",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1705,16 +933,7 @@ version = "0.5.18"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "ed2bf2547551a7053d6fdfafda3f938979645c44812fbfcda098faae3f1a362d"
 dependencies = [
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-
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-dependencies = [
- "bitflags 2.11.0",
+ "bitflags",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1744,7 +963,7 @@ version = "0.38.44"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "fdb5bc1ae2baa591800df16c9ca78619bf65c0488b41b96ccec5d11220d8c154"
 dependencies = [
- "bitflags 2.11.0",
+ "bitflags",
  "errno",
  "libc",
  "linux-raw-sys 0.4.15",
@@ -1757,7 +976,7 @@ version = "1.1.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "146c9e247ccc180c1f61615433868c99f3de3ae256a30a43b49f67c2d9171f34"
 dependencies = [
- "bitflags 2.11.0",
+ "bitflags",
  "errno",
  "libc",
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@@ -1788,40 +1007,12 @@ version = "1.0.23"
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 checksum = "9774ba4a74de5f7b1c1451ed6cd5285a32eddb5cccb8cc655a4e50009e06477f"
 
-[[package]]
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-
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-
 [[package]]
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- "memmap2",
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- "tiny-skia",
-]
-
 [[package]]
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 version = "1.0.27"
@@ -1870,12 +1061,6 @@ dependencies = [
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 ]
 
-[[package]]
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-
 [[package]]
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@@ -1913,64 +1098,18 @@ version = "1.0.2"
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-
 [[package]]
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- "wayland-backend",
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-
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-dependencies = [
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 [[package]]
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-
 [[package]]
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@@ -2033,7 +1172,6 @@ dependencies = [
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  "dizzle",
- "jack",
  "palette",
  "proptest",
  "proptest-derive",
@@ -2041,17 +1179,19 @@ dependencies = [
  "rand 0.8.5",
  "ratatui",
  "tengri",
+ "tengri_proc",
  "unicode-width 0.2.0",
- "winit",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
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 dependencies = [
- "thiserror-impl 1.0.69",
+ "dizzle",
+ "heck",
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn",
 ]
 
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-dependencies = [
- "proc-macro2",
- "quote",
- "syn",
+ "thiserror-impl",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2085,83 +1214,6 @@ dependencies = [
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 ]
 
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-
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-
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-
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@@ -2224,12 +1276,6 @@ version = "0.2.6"
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 checksum = "ebc1c04c71510c7f702b52b7c350734c9ff1295c464a03335b00bb84fc54f853"
 
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-
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@@ -2239,16 +1285,6 @@ dependencies = [
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 ]
 
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-
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@@ -2286,20 +1322,6 @@ dependencies = [
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 ]
 
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- "once_cell",
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- "web-sys",
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-
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@@ -2360,121 +1382,12 @@ version = "0.244.0"
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 dependencies = [
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+ "bitflags",
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-
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@@ -2485,16 +1398,6 @@ dependencies = [
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-[[package]]
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-dependencies = [
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-
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@@ -2511,15 +1414,6 @@ version = "0.4.0"
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 checksum = "ac3b87c63620426dd9b991e5ce0329eff545bccbbb34f3be09ff6fb6ab51b7b6"
 
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-
 [[package]]
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@@ -2532,31 +1426,13 @@ version = "0.2.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "f0805222e57f7521d6a62e36fa9163bc891acd422f971defe97d64e70d0a4fe5"
 
-[[package]]
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-checksum = "75283be5efb2831d37ea142365f009c02ec203cd29a3ebecbc093d52315b66d0"
-dependencies = [
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-]
-
-[[package]]
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-checksum = "282be5f36a8ce781fad8c8ae18fa3f9beff57ec1b52cb3de0789201425d9a33d"
-dependencies = [
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-]
-
 [[package]]
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 checksum = "1e38bc4d79ed67fd075bcc251a1c39b32a1776bbe92e5bef1f0bf1f8c531853b"
 dependencies = [
- "windows-targets 0.52.6",
+ "windows-targets",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2568,67 +1444,34 @@ dependencies = [
  "windows-link",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "windows-targets"
-version = "0.42.2"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
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- "windows_i686_msvc 0.42.2",
- "windows_x86_64_gnu 0.42.2",
- "windows_x86_64_gnullvm 0.42.2",
- "windows_x86_64_msvc 0.42.2",
-]
-
 [[package]]
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 dependencies = [
- "windows_aarch64_gnullvm 0.52.6",
- "windows_aarch64_msvc 0.52.6",
- "windows_i686_gnu 0.52.6",
+ "windows_aarch64_gnullvm",
+ "windows_aarch64_msvc",
+ "windows_i686_gnu",
  "windows_i686_gnullvm",
- "windows_i686_msvc 0.52.6",
- "windows_x86_64_gnu 0.52.6",
- "windows_x86_64_gnullvm 0.52.6",
- "windows_x86_64_msvc 0.52.6",
+ "windows_i686_msvc",
+ "windows_x86_64_gnu",
+ "windows_x86_64_gnullvm",
+ "windows_x86_64_msvc",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
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-
 [[package]]
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-[[package]]
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-
 [[package]]
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-
 [[package]]
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@@ -2641,115 +1484,30 @@ version = "0.52.6"
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 checksum = "0eee52d38c090b3caa76c563b86c3a4bd71ef1a819287c19d586d7334ae8ed66"
 
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 [[package]]
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-[[package]]
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-
 [[package]]
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- "wayland-backend",
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- "wayland-protocols",
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- "web-sys",
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- "windows-sys 0.52.0",
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 [[package]]
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@@ -2808,7 +1566,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
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 dependencies = [
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- "bitflags 2.11.0",
+ "bitflags",
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@@ -2838,63 +1596,6 @@ dependencies = [
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 ]
 
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-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d039de8032a9a8856a6be89cea3e5d12fdd82306ab7c94d74e6deab2460651c5"
-dependencies = [
- "bitflags 2.11.0",
- "dlib",
- "log",
- "once_cell",
- "xkeysym",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "xkeysym"
-version = "0.2.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b9cc00251562a284751c9973bace760d86c0276c471b4be569fe6b068ee97a56"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "zerocopy"
 version = "0.8.39"
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index 37bdf64..13ad326 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -5,34 +5,31 @@ version     = "0.15.0"
 description = "UI metaframework."
 
 [features]
-default = ["tui", "jack", "dsl"]
-bumpalo = ["dep:bumpalo"]
-tui     = ["dep:ratatui", "dep:crossterm"]
-gui     = ["dep:winit"]
-dsl     = ["dep:dizzle"]
-jack    = ["dep:jack"]
+default = [ "input", "output", "tui" ]
+bumpalo = [ "dep:bumpalo" ]
+input   = [ ]
+output  = [ ]
+tui     = [ ]
+dsl     = [ ]
 
 [dependencies]
 anyhow        = { version = "1.0" }
 atomic_float  = { version = "1" }
 better-panic  = { version = "0.3.0" }
+bumpalo       = { version = "3.19.0", optional = true }
+crossterm     = { version = "0.29.0" }
 palette       = { version = "0.7.6", features = [ "random" ] }
 quanta        = { version = "0.12.3" }
 rand          = { version = "0.8.5" }
+ratatui       = { version = "0.29.0", features = [ "unstable-widget-ref", "underline-color" ] }
 unicode-width = { version = "0.2" }
-
-dizzle    = { optional = true, path = "./dizzle" }
-jack      = { optional = true, path = "./rust-jack" }
-winit     = { optional = true, version = "0.30.4", features = [ "x11" ]}
-bumpalo   = { optional = true, version = "3.19.0" }
-crossterm = { optional = true, version = "0.29.0" }
-ratatui   = { optional = true, version = "0.29.0", features = [ "unstable-widget-ref", "underline-color" ] }
+dizzle        = { path = "../dizzle" }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 proptest        = { version = "^1" }
 proptest-derive = { version = "^0.5.1" }
 tengri          = { path = ".", features = [ "dsl" ] }
-#tengri_proc     = { path = "./proc" }
+tengri_proc     = { path = "./proc" }
 
 [lib]
 path = "src/tengri.rs"
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index a155820..41cfef5 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -1,31 +1,56 @@
-# tengri
-
 ***tengri*** is a metaframework for building interactive applications with rust. (aren't we all?)
 
-tengri is published under [**AGPL3**](../LICENSE).
-
-## tengri and tek
-
 tengri is developed as part of [***tek***](https://codeberg.org/unspeaker/tek),
 a music program for terminals.
 
-## tengri and dizzle
+tengri contains:
+* [***dizzle***](./dsl), a framework for defining domain-specific languages
+* [***output***](./output), an abstract UI layout framework
+* [***input***](./input), an abstract UI event framework
+* [***tui***](./tui), an implementation of tengri over [***ratatui***](https://ratatui.rs/).
 
-tengri integrates with [***dizzle***](./dizzle),
-a framework for defining domain-specific languages.
+as well as:
+* [***core***](./core), the shared definitions ("utils") module
+* [***proc***](./proc), the space for procedural macros
+* [***tengri***](./tengri), the top-level reexport crate
 
-## what's in the box
+tengri is published under [**AGPL3**](./LICENSE).
 
-excluding the reexports, tengri is a flat namespace containing the following kinds of things:
+## Input
 
-### logical
+***tengri_input*** is where tengri's input handling is defined.
 
-### temporal
+the following items are provided:
+* `Input` trait, for defining for input sources
+* `Handle` trait and `handle!` macro, for defining input handlers
+* `Command` trait and the `command!` macro, for defining commands that inputs may result in
 
-### aural
+## Output
 
-### spatial
+***tengri_output*** is an abstract interface layout framework.
 
-### textual
+it expresses the following notions:
 
-checkout the repo and generate docs with `cargo doc` to explore!
+* [**space:**](./src/space.rs) `Direction`, `Coordinate`, `Area`, `Size`, `Measure`
+
+* [**output:**](./src/output.rs) `Out`, `Draw`, `Content`
+  * the layout operators are generic over `Draw` and/or `Content`
+  * the traits `Draw` and `Content` are generic over `Out`
+  * implement `Out` to bring a layout to a new backend:
+    [see `TuiOut` in `tengri_tui`](../tui/src/tui_engine/tui_output.rs)
+
+* [**layout:**](./src/layout.rs)
+  * conditionals: `When`, `Either`
+  * iteration: `Map`
+  * concatenation: `Bsp`
+  * positioning: `Align`, `Push`, `Pull`
+  * sizing: `Fill`, `Fixed`, `Expand`, `Shrink`, `Min`, `Max`
+  * implement custom components (that may be backend-dependent):
+    [see `tui_content` in `tengri_tui`](../tui/src/tui_content)
+
+## TUI
+
+***tengri_tui*** implements [tengri_output](../output) and [tengri_input](../input)
+on top of [ratatui](https://ratatui.rs/) and [crossterm](https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm).
+
+tengri is published under [**AGPL3**](../LICENSE).
diff --git a/dizzle b/dizzle
deleted file mode 160000
index 6026aff..0000000
--- a/dizzle
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-Subproject commit 6026aff29f9a0ca9ecafdfac13ea59ddd65d8f83
diff --git a/rust-jack b/rust-jack
deleted file mode 160000
index 764a38a..0000000
--- a/rust-jack
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-Subproject commit 764a38a880ab4749ea60aa7e53cd814b858e606c
diff --git a/src/.scratch.rs b/src/.scratch.rs
index 1c7cebe..0d0f833 100644
--- a/src/.scratch.rs
+++ b/src/.scratch.rs
@@ -1,11 +1,3 @@
-//impl<O: Out, T: HasContent<O>> Draw<O> for T {
-    //fn draw (&self, to: &mut O) {
-        //let area = to.area();
-        //*to.area_mut() = self.0;
-        //self.content().draw(to);
-        //*to.area_mut() = area;
-    //}
-//}
     ///// The syntagm `(when :condition :content)` corresponds to a [When] layout element.
     //impl<S, A> FromDsl<S> for When<A> where bool: FromDsl<S>, A: FromDsl<S> {
         //fn try_provide (state: &S, source: &DslVal<impl DslStr, impl DslExpr>) -> Perhaps<Self> {
diff --git a/src/tengri.rs b/src/tengri.rs
index fd0560e..e542ea2 100644
--- a/src/tengri.rs
+++ b/src/tengri.rs
@@ -9,27 +9,23 @@
 #![feature(trait_alias)]
 #![feature(type_alias_impl_trait)]
 #![feature(type_changing_struct_update)]
-mod tengri_struct; pub use self::tengri_struct::*;
+mod tengri_impl;
 mod tengri_trait; pub use self::tengri_trait::*;
-mod tengri_impl; pub use self::tengri_impl::*;
+mod tengri_struct; pub use self::tengri_struct::*;
 #[cfg(test)] pub(crate) use proptest_derive::Arbitrary;
 pub extern crate dizzle; pub use dizzle::*;
 pub extern crate atomic_float; pub(crate) use atomic_float::AtomicF64;
 pub extern crate palette; pub(crate) use ::palette::{*, convert::*, okhsl::*};
 pub extern crate better_panic; pub(crate) use better_panic::{Settings, Verbosity};
 pub extern crate unicode_width; pub(crate) use unicode_width::*;
-#[cfg(feature = "jack")] pub extern crate jack;
-#[cfg(feature = "jack")] pub use jack::{*, contrib::{*, ClosureProcessHandler}};
-#[cfg(feature = "tui")] pub extern crate ratatui;
-#[cfg(feature = "tui")] pub(crate) use ::ratatui::{
+pub extern crate ratatui; pub(crate) use ::ratatui::{
     prelude::{Color, Style, Buffer, Position},
     style::{Stylize, Modifier, Color::*},
     backend::{Backend, CrosstermBackend, ClearType},
     layout::{Size, Rect},
     buffer::Cell
 };
-#[cfg(feature = "tui")] pub extern crate crossterm;
-#[cfg(feature = "tui")] pub(crate) use ::crossterm::{
+pub extern crate crossterm; pub(crate) use ::crossterm::{
     ExecutableCommand,
     terminal::{EnterAlternateScreen, LeaveAlternateScreen, enable_raw_mode, disable_raw_mode},
     event::{poll, read, Event, KeyEvent, KeyCode, KeyModifiers, KeyEventKind, KeyEventState},
@@ -79,43 +75,51 @@ pub(crate) use ::std::{
 
 /// Stack things on top of each other,
 #[macro_export] macro_rules! lay (($($expr:expr),* $(,)?) => {{
-    let bsp = (); $(let bsp = Bsp::b(bsp, $expr);)* bsp
+    let bsp = (); $(let bsp = Bsp::b(bsp, $expr);)*; bsp
 }});
 
 /// Stack southward.
 #[macro_export] macro_rules! col (($($expr:expr),* $(,)?) => {{
-    let bsp = (); $(let bsp = Bsp::s(bsp, $expr);)* bsp
+    let bsp = (); $(let bsp = Bsp::s(bsp, $expr);)*; bsp
 }});
 
 /// Stack northward.
 #[macro_export] macro_rules! col_up (($($expr:expr),* $(,)?) => {{
-    let bsp = (); $(let bsp = Bsp::n(bsp, $expr);)* bsp
+    let bsp = (); $(let bsp = Bsp::n(bsp, $expr);)*; bsp
 }});
 
 /// Stack eastward.
 #[macro_export] macro_rules! row (($($expr:expr),* $(,)?) => {{
-    let bsp = (); $(let bsp = Bsp::e(bsp, $expr);)* bsp
+    let bsp = (); $(let bsp = Bsp::e(bsp, $expr);)*; bsp
 }});
 
-/// Define an enum containing commands, and implement [Command] trait for over given `State`.
-#[macro_export] macro_rules! def_command (
-    ($Command:ident: |$state:ident: $State:ty| {
-        // FIXME: support attrs (docstrings)
-        $($Variant:ident$({$($arg:ident:$Arg:ty),+ $(,)?})?=>$body:expr),* $(,)?
-    })=>{
-        #[derive(Debug)] pub enum $Command {
-            // FIXME: support attrs (docstrings)
-            $($Variant $({ $($arg: $Arg),* })?),*
-        }
-        impl ::tengri::Command<$State> for $Command {
-            fn execute (&self, $state: &mut $State) -> Perhaps<Self> {
-                match self {
-                    $(Self::$Variant $({ $($arg),* })? => $body,)*
-                    _ => unimplemented!("Command<{}>: {self:?}", stringify!($State)),
-                }
+/// Implement [Command] for given `State` and `handler`
+#[macro_export] macro_rules! command {
+    ($(<$($l:lifetime),+>)?|$self:ident:$Command:ty,$state:ident:$State:ty|$handler:expr) => {
+        impl$(<$($l),+>)? ::tengri::Command<$State> for $Command {
+            fn execute (&$self, $state: &mut $State) -> Perhaps<Self> {
+                Ok($handler)
             }
         }
-    });
+    };
+}
+
+#[macro_export] macro_rules! def_command (($Command:ident: |$state:ident: $State:ty| {
+    $($Variant:ident$({$($arg:ident:$Arg:ty),+ $(,)?})?=>$body:expr),* $(,)?
+})=>{
+    #[derive(Debug)]
+    pub enum $Command {
+        $($Variant $({ $($arg: $Arg),* })?),*
+    }
+    impl Command<$State> for $Command {
+        fn execute (&self, $state: &mut $State) -> Perhaps<Self> {
+            match self {
+                $(Self::$Variant $({ $($arg),* })? => $body,)*
+                _ => unimplemented!("Command<{}>: {self:?}", stringify!($State)),
+            }
+        }
+    }
+});
 
 /// Implement [Handle] for given `State` and `handler`.
 #[macro_export] macro_rules! handle {
@@ -156,8 +160,163 @@ pub(crate) use ::std::{
     }
 }
 
+macro_rules! border {
+    ($($T:ident {
+        $nw:literal $n:literal $ne:literal $w:literal $e:literal $sw:literal $s:literal $se:literal
+        $($x:tt)*
+    }),+) => {$(
+        impl BorderStyle for $T {
+            const NW: &'static str = $nw;
+            const N:  &'static str = $n;
+            const NE: &'static str = $ne;
+            const W:  &'static str = $w;
+            const E:  &'static str = $e;
+            const SW: &'static str = $sw;
+            const S:  &'static str = $s;
+            const SE: &'static str = $se;
+            $($x)*
+            fn enabled (&self) -> bool { self.0 }
+        }
+        #[derive(Copy, Clone)] pub struct $T(pub bool, pub Style);
+        impl Layout<TuiOut> for $T {}
+        impl Draw<TuiOut> for $T {
+            fn draw (&self, to: &mut TuiOut) {
+                if self.enabled() { let _ = BorderStyle::draw(self, to); }
+            }
+        }
+    )+}
+}
 
 
+pub fn tui_setup <W: Write> (
+    backend: &mut CrosstermBackend<W>
+) -> Usually<()> {
+    let better_panic_handler = Settings::auto().verbosity(Verbosity::Full).create_panic_handler();
+    std::panic::set_hook(Box::new(move |info: &std::panic::PanicHookInfo|{
+        stdout().execute(LeaveAlternateScreen).unwrap();
+        CrosstermBackend::new(stdout()).show_cursor().unwrap();
+        disable_raw_mode().unwrap();
+        better_panic_handler(info);
+    }));
+    stdout().execute(EnterAlternateScreen)?;
+    backend.hide_cursor()?;
+    enable_raw_mode().map_err(Into::into)
+}
+
+pub fn tui_teardown <W: Write> (backend: &mut CrosstermBackend<W>) -> Usually<()> {
+    stdout().execute(LeaveAlternateScreen)?;
+    backend.show_cursor()?;
+    disable_raw_mode().map_err(Into::into)
+}
+
+pub fn tui_resized <W: Write> (
+    backend: &mut CrosstermBackend<W>,
+    buffer:  &mut Buffer,
+    size:    ratatui::prelude::Rect
+) {
+    if buffer.area != size {
+        backend.clear_region(ClearType::All).unwrap();
+        buffer.resize(size);
+        buffer.reset();
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn tui_redrawn <'b, W: Write> (
+    backend: &mut CrosstermBackend<W>,
+    mut prev_buffer: &'b mut Buffer,
+    mut next_buffer: &'b mut Buffer
+) {
+    let updates = prev_buffer.diff(&next_buffer);
+    backend.draw(updates.into_iter()).expect("failed to render");
+    Backend::flush(backend).expect("failed to flush output new_buffer");
+    std::mem::swap(&mut prev_buffer, &mut next_buffer);
+    next_buffer.reset();
+}
+
+pub fn tui_update (
+    buf: &mut Buffer, area: XYWH<u16>, callback: &impl Fn(&mut Cell, u16, u16)
+) {
+    for row in 0..area.h() {
+        let y = area.y() + row;
+        for col in 0..area.w() {
+            let x = area.x() + col;
+            if x < buf.area.width && y < buf.area.height {
+                if let Some(cell) = buf.cell_mut(ratatui::prelude::Position { x, y }) {
+                    callback(cell, col, row);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Spawn the output thread.
+pub fn tui_output <T: Draw<TuiOut> + Send + Sync + 'static> (
+    engine: Arc<RwLock<Tui>>, state: &Arc<RwLock<T>>, timer: Duration
+) -> Result<JoinHandle<()>, std::io::Error> {
+    let exited = engine.read().unwrap().exited.clone();
+    let engine = engine.clone();
+    let state  = state.clone();
+    let Size { width, height } = engine.read().unwrap().backend.size().expect("get size failed");
+    let mut buffer = Buffer::empty(Rect { x: 0, y: 0, width, height });
+    std::thread::Builder::new()
+        .name("tui output thread".into())
+        .spawn(move || loop {
+            if exited.fetch_and(true, Relaxed) {
+                break
+            }
+            let t0 = engine.read().unwrap().perf.get_t0();
+            let Size { width, height } = engine.read().unwrap().backend.size()
+                .expect("get size failed");
+            if let Ok(state) = state.try_read() {
+                let size = Rect { x: 0, y: 0, width, height };
+                if buffer.area != size {
+                    engine.write().unwrap().backend.clear_region(ClearType::All).expect("clear failed");
+                    buffer.resize(size);
+                    buffer.reset();
+                }
+                let mut output = TuiOut { buffer, area: XYWH(0, 0, width, height) };
+                state.draw(&mut output);
+                buffer = engine.write().unwrap().flip(output.buffer, size);
+            }
+            let t1 = (*engine.read().unwrap()).perf.get_t1(t0).unwrap();
+            buffer.set_string(0, 0, &format!("{:>3}.{:>3}ms", t1.as_millis(), t1.as_micros() % 1000), Style::default());
+            std::thread::sleep(timer);
+        })
+}
+
+/// Spawn the input thread.
+pub fn tui_input <T: Handle<TuiIn> + Send + Sync + 'static> (
+    engine: Arc<RwLock<Tui>>, state: &Arc<RwLock<T>>, timer: Duration
+) -> JoinHandle<()> {
+    let exited = engine.read().unwrap().exited.clone();
+    let state  = state.clone();
+    spawn(move || loop {
+        if exited.fetch_and(true, Relaxed) {
+            break
+        }
+        if poll(timer).is_ok() {
+            let event = read().unwrap();
+            match event {
+                Event::Key(KeyEvent {
+                    code:      KeyCode::Char('c'),
+                    modifiers: KeyModifiers::CONTROL,
+                    kind:      KeyEventKind::Press,
+                    state:     KeyEventState::NONE
+                }) => {
+                    exited.store(true, Relaxed);
+                },
+                _ => {
+                    let exited = exited.clone();
+                    let event  = TuiEvent::from_crossterm(event);
+                    if let Err(e) = state.write().unwrap().handle(&TuiIn { exited, event }) {
+                        panic!("{e}")
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    })
+}
+
 /// Define layout operation.
 ///
 /// ```
@@ -311,6 +470,259 @@ pub(crate) use ::std::{
     Ok(true)
 }
 
+/// Should be impl something or other...
+///
+/// ```
+/// use tengri::{Namespace, Understand, TuiOut, ratatui::prelude::Color};
+///
+/// struct State;
+/// impl<'b> Namespace<'b, bool>    for State {}
+/// impl<'b> Namespace<'b, u16>     for State {}
+/// impl<'b> Namespace<'b, Color>   for State {}
+/// impl     Understand<TuiOut, ()> for State {}
+/// # fn main () -> tengri::Usually<()> {
+/// let state = State;
+/// let mut out = TuiOut::default();
+/// tengri::evaluate_output_expression_tui(&state, &mut out, "")?;
+/// tengri::evaluate_output_expression_tui(&state, &mut out, "text Hello world!")?;
+/// tengri::evaluate_output_expression_tui(&state, &mut out, "fg (g 0) (text Hello world!)")?;
+/// tengri::evaluate_output_expression_tui(&state, &mut out, "bg (g 2) (text Hello world!)")?;
+/// tengri::evaluate_output_expression_tui(&state, &mut out, "(bg (g 3) (fg (g 4) (text Hello world!)))")?;
+/// # Ok(()) }
+/// ```
+#[cfg(feature = "dsl")] pub fn evaluate_output_expression_tui <'a, S> (
+    state: &S, output: &mut TuiOut, expr: impl Expression + 'a
+) -> Usually<bool> where
+    S: Understand<TuiOut, ()>
+        + for<'b>Namespace<'b, bool>
+        + for<'b>Namespace<'b, u16>
+        + for<'b>Namespace<'b, Color>
+{
+    // See `tengri::evaluate_output_expression`
+    let head = expr.head()?;
+    let mut frags = head.src()?.unwrap_or_default().split("/");
+    let args  = expr.tail();
+    let arg0  = args.head();
+    let tail0 = args.tail();
+    let arg1  = tail0.head();
+    let tail1 = tail0.tail();
+    let arg2  = tail1.head();
+    match frags.next() {
+
+        Some("text") => {
+            if let Some(src) = args?.src()? { output.place(&src) }
+        },
+
+        Some("fg") => {
+            let arg0  = arg0?.expect("fg: expected arg 0 (color)");
+            let color = Namespace::namespace(state, arg0)?.unwrap_or_else(||panic!("fg: {arg0:?}: not a color"));
+            let thunk = Thunk::new(move|output: &mut TuiOut|state.understand(output, &arg1).unwrap());
+            output.place(&Tui::fg(color, thunk))
+        },
+
+        Some("bg") => {
+            //panic!("expr: {expr:?}\nhead: {head:?}\nfrags: {frags:?}\nargs: {args:?}\narg0: {arg0:?}\ntail0: {tail0:?}\narg1: {arg1:?}\ntail1: {tail1:?}\narg2: {arg2:?}");
+            //panic!("head: {head:?}\narg0: {arg0:?}\narg1: {arg1:?}\narg2: {arg2:?}");;
+            //panic!("head: {head:?}\narg0: {arg0:?}\narg1: {arg1:?}\narg2: {arg2:?}");
+            let arg0  = arg0?.expect("bg: expected arg 0 (color)");
+            let color = Namespace::namespace(state, arg0)?.unwrap_or_else(||panic!("bg: {arg0:?}: not a color"));
+            let thunk = Thunk::new(move|output: &mut TuiOut|state.understand(output, &arg1).unwrap());
+            output.place(&Tui::bg(color, thunk))
+        },
+
+        _ => return Ok(false)
+
+    };
+    Ok(true)
+}
+
+pub fn named_key (token: &str) -> Option<KeyCode> {
+    use KeyCode::*;
+    Some(match token {
+        "up"                => Up,
+        "down"              => Down,
+        "left"              => Left,
+        "right"             => Right,
+        "esc"    | "escape" => Esc,
+        "enter"  | "return" => Enter,
+        "delete" | "del"    => Delete,
+        "backspace"         => Backspace,
+        "tab"               => Tab,
+        "space"             => Char(' '),
+        "comma"             => Char(','),
+        "period"            => Char('.'),
+        "plus"              => Char('+'),
+        "minus" | "dash"    => Char('-'),
+        "equal" | "equals"  => Char('='),
+        "underscore"        => Char('_'),
+        "backtick"          => Char('`'),
+        "lt"                => Char('<'),
+        "gt"                => Char('>'),
+        "cbopen"  | "openbrace"  => Char('{'),
+        "cbclose" | "closebrace" => Char('}'),
+        "bropen"  | "openbracket"  => Char('['),
+        "brclose" | "closebracket" => Char(']'),
+        "pgup" | "pageup"   => PageUp,
+        "pgdn" | "pagedown" => PageDown, 
+        "f1"                => F(1),
+        "f2"                => F(2),
+        "f3"                => F(3),
+        "f4"                => F(4),
+        "f5"                => F(5),
+        "f6"                => F(6),
+        "f7"                => F(7),
+        "f8"                => F(8),
+        "f9"                => F(9),
+        "f10"               => F(10),
+        "f11"               => F(11),
+        "f12"               => F(12),
+        _ => return None,
+    })
+}
+
+/// ```
+/// let _ = tengri::button_2("", "", true);
+/// let _ = tengri::button_2("", "", false);
+/// ```
+pub fn button_2 <'a> (key: impl Content<TuiOut>, label: impl Content<TuiOut>, editing: bool) -> impl Content<TuiOut> {
+    Tui::bold(true, Bsp::e(
+        Tui::fg_bg(Tui::orange(), Tui::g(0), Bsp::e(Tui::fg(Tui::g(0), &"▐"), Bsp::e(key, Tui::fg(Tui::g(96), &"▐")))),
+        When::new(!editing, Tui::fg_bg(Tui::g(255), Tui::g(96), label))))
+}
+
+/// ```
+/// let _ = tengri::button_3("", "", "", true);
+/// let _ = tengri::button_3("", "", "", false);
+/// ```
+pub fn button_3 <'a> (
+    key: impl Content<TuiOut>, label: impl Content<TuiOut>, value: impl Content<TuiOut>, editing: bool,
+) -> impl Content<TuiOut> {
+    Tui::bold(true, Bsp::e(
+        Tui::fg_bg(Tui::orange(), Tui::g(0),
+            Bsp::e(Tui::fg(Tui::g(0), &"▐"), Bsp::e(key, Tui::fg(if editing { Tui::g(128) } else { Tui::g(96) }, "▐")))),
+        Bsp::e(
+            When::new(!editing, Bsp::e(Tui::fg_bg(Tui::g(255), Tui::g(96), label), Tui::fg_bg(Tui::g(128), Tui::g(96), &"▐"),)),
+            Bsp::e(Tui::fg_bg(Tui::g(224), Tui::g(128), value), Tui::fg_bg(Tui::g(128), Reset, &"▌"), ))))
+}
+
+border! {
+    Square {
+        "┌" "─" "┐"
+        "│"     "│"
+        "└" "─" "┘" fn style (&self) -> Option<Style> { Some(self.1) }
+    },
+    SquareBold {
+        "┏" "━" "┓"
+        "┃"     "┃"
+        "┗" "━" "┛" fn style (&self) -> Option<Style> { Some(self.1) }
+    },
+    TabLike {
+        "╭" "─" "╮"
+        "│"     "│"
+        "│" " " "│" fn style (&self) -> Option<Style> { Some(self.1) }
+    },
+    Lozenge {
+        "╭" "─" "╮"
+        "│"     "│"
+        "╰" "─" "╯" fn style (&self) -> Option<Style> { Some(self.1) }
+    },
+    Brace {
+        "╭" "" "╮"
+        "│"    "│"
+        "╰" "" "╯" fn style (&self) -> Option<Style> { Some(self.1) }
+    },
+    LozengeDotted {
+        "╭" "┅" "╮"
+        "┇"     "┇"
+        "╰" "┅" "╯" fn style (&self) -> Option<Style> { Some(self.1) }
+    },
+    Quarter {
+        "▎" "▔" "🮇"
+        "▎"     "🮇"
+        "▎" "▁" "🮇" fn style (&self) -> Option<Style> { Some(self.1) }
+    },
+    QuarterV {
+        "▎" "" "🮇"
+        "▎"    "🮇"
+        "▎" "" "🮇" fn style (&self) -> Option<Style> { Some(self.1) }
+    },
+    Chamfer {
+        "🭂" "▔" "🭍"
+        "▎"     "🮇"
+        "🭓" "▁" "🭞" fn style (&self) -> Option<Style> { Some(self.1) }
+    },
+    Corners {
+        "🬆" "" "🬊" // 🬴 🬸
+        ""     ""
+        "🬱" "" "🬵" fn style (&self) -> Option<Style> { Some(self.1) }
+    },
+    CornersTall {
+        "🭽" "" "🭾"
+        ""     ""
+        "🭼" "" "🭿" fn style (&self) -> Option<Style> { Some(self.1) }
+    },
+    Outer {
+        "🭽" "▔" "🭾"
+        "▏"     "▕"
+        "🭼" "▁" "🭿"
+        const W0: &'static str = "[";
+        const E0: &'static str = "]";
+        const N0: &'static str = "⎴";
+        const S0: &'static str = "⎵";
+        fn style (&self) -> Option<Style> { Some(self.1) }
+    },
+    Thick {
+        "▄" "▄" "▄"
+        "█"     "█"
+        "▀" "▀" "▀"
+        fn style (&self) -> Option<Style> { Some(self.1) }
+    },
+    Rugged {
+        "▄" "▂" "▄"
+        "▐"     "▌"
+        "▀" "🮂" "▀"
+        fn style (&self) -> Option<Style> { Some(self.1) }
+    },
+    Skinny {
+        "▗" "▄" "▖"
+        "▐"     "▌"
+        "▝" "▀" "▘"
+        fn style (&self) -> Option<Style> { Some(self.1) }
+    },
+    Brackets {
+        "⎡" "" "⎤"
+        ""     ""
+        "⎣" "" "⎦"
+        const W0: &'static str = "[";
+        const E0: &'static str = "]";
+        const N0: &'static str = "⎴";
+        const S0: &'static str = "⎵";
+        fn style (&self) -> Option<Style> { Some(self.1) }
+    },
+    Reticle {
+        "⎡" "" "⎤"
+        ""     ""
+        "⎣" "" "⎦"
+        const W0: &'static str = "╟";
+        const E0: &'static str = "╢";
+        const N0: &'static str = "┯";
+        const S0: &'static str = "┷";
+        fn style (&self) -> Option<Style> { Some(self.1) }
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn okhsl_to_rgb (color: Okhsl<f32>) -> Color {
+    let Srgb { red, green, blue, .. }: Srgb<f32> = Srgb::from_color_unclamped(color);
+    Color::Rgb((red   * 255.0) as u8, (green * 255.0) as u8, (blue  * 255.0) as u8,)
+}
+
+pub fn rgb_to_okhsl (color: Color) -> Okhsl<f32> {
+    if let Color::Rgb(r, g, b) = color {
+        Okhsl::from_color(Srgb::new(r as f32 / 255.0, g as f32 / 255.0, b as f32 / 255.0))
+    } else {
+        unreachable!("only Color::Rgb is supported")
+    }
+}
 
 /// Trim string with [unicode_width].
 pub fn trim_string (max_width: usize, input: impl AsRef<str>) -> String {
diff --git a/src/tengri_impl.rs b/src/tengri_impl.rs
index 3b3d1ea..40d444f 100644
--- a/src/tengri_impl.rs
+++ b/src/tengri_impl.rs
@@ -1,299 +1,8 @@
 use crate::*;
 use Alignment::*;
 use Direction::*;
+use unicode_width::{UnicodeWidthStr, UnicodeWidthChar};
 use rand::{thread_rng, distributions::uniform::UniformSampler};
-impl<O: Out, T: Draw<O> + Layout<O>> Content<O> for T {}
-impl<'a, O: Out> AsRef<dyn Draw<O> + 'a> for dyn Content<O> + 'a {
-    fn as_ref (&self) -> &(dyn Draw<O> + 'a) { self }
-}
-impl<'a, O: Out> AsRef<dyn Layout<O> + 'a> for dyn Content<O> + 'a {
-    fn as_ref (&self) -> &(dyn Layout<O> + 'a) { self }
-}
-impl<O: Out> Draw<O> for () {
-    fn draw (&self, _: &mut O) {}
-}
-impl<O: Out> Draw<O> for fn(&mut O) {
-    fn draw (&self, to: &mut O) { (*self)(to) }
-}
-impl<O: Out> Draw<O> for Box<dyn Draw<O>> {
-    fn draw (&self, to: &mut O) { (**self).draw(to) }
-}
-impl<O: Out, D: Draw<O>> Draw<O> for &D {
-    fn draw (&self, to: &mut O) { (*self).draw(to) }
-}
-impl<O: Out, D: Draw<O>> Draw<O> for &mut D {
-    fn draw (&self, to: &mut O) { (**self).draw(to) }
-}
-impl<O: Out, D: Draw<O>> Draw<O> for Arc<D> {
-    fn draw (&self, to: &mut O) { (**self).draw(to) }
-}
-impl<O: Out, D: Draw<O>> Draw<O> for RwLock<D> {
-    fn draw (&self, to: &mut O) { self.read().unwrap().draw(to) }
-}
-impl<O: Out, D: Draw<O>> Draw<O> for Option<D> {
-    fn draw (&self, to: &mut O) { if let Some(draw) = self { draw.draw(to) } }
-}
-impl<'a, T: AsRef<str>> TrimString<T> {
-    fn as_ref (&self) -> TrimStringRef<'_, T> { TrimStringRef(self.0, &self.1) }
-}
-impl<O: Out, T: Draw<O>> ErrorBoundary<O, T> {
-    pub fn new (content: Perhaps<T>) -> Self { Self(Default::default(), content) }
-}
-impl<O: Out, T, L: Content<O>, V: Content<O>> HasContent<O> for FieldH<T, L, V> {
-    fn content (&self) -> impl Content<O> { Bsp::e(&self.1, &self.2) }
-}
-impl<O: Out, T, L: Content<O>, V: Content<O>> Layout<O> for FieldH<T, L, V> {
-    fn layout (&self, to: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> XYWH<O::Unit> { self.content().layout(to) }
-}
-impl<O: Out, T, L: Content<O>, V: Content<O>> Draw<O> for FieldH<T, L, V> {
-    fn draw (&self, to: &mut O) { self.content().draw(to) }
-}
-impl<O: Out, T, L: Content<O>, V: Content<O>> HasContent<O> for FieldV<T, L, V> {
-    fn content (&self) -> impl Content<O> { Bsp::s(&self.1, &self.2) }
-}
-impl<O: Out, T, L: Content<O>, V: Content<O>> Layout<O> for FieldV<T, L, V> {
-    fn layout (&self, to: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> XYWH<O::Unit> { self.content().layout(to) }
-}
-impl<O: Out, T, L: Content<O>, V: Content<O>> Draw<O> for FieldV<T, L, V> {
-    fn draw (&self, to: &mut O) { self.content().draw(to) }
-}
-impl<O: Out, S: Layout<O>> Layout<O> for Border<S> {
-    fn layout (&self, area: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> XYWH<O::Unit> { self.1.layout(area) }
-}
-impl<C, T, U> Field<C, T, U> {
-    pub fn new (direction: Direction) -> Field<C, (), ()> {
-        Field::<C, (), ()> {
-            direction,
-            label: None, label_fg: None, label_bg: None, label_align: None,
-            value: None, value_fg: None, value_bg: None, value_align: None,
-        }
-    }
-    pub fn label <L> (
-        self, label: Option<L>, align: Option<Direction>, fg: Option<C>, bg: Option<C>
-    ) -> Field<C, L, U> {
-        Field::<C, L, U> { label, label_fg: fg, label_bg: bg, label_align: align, ..self }
-    }
-    pub fn value <V> (
-        self, value: Option<V>, align: Option<Direction>, fg: Option<C>, bg: Option<C>
-    ) -> Field<C, T, V> {
-        Field::<C, T, V> { value, value_fg: fg, value_bg: bg, value_align: align, ..self }
-    }
-}
-impl<S, T: Command<S>> Command<S> for Option<T> {
-    fn execute (&self, _: &mut S) -> Perhaps<Self> {
-        Ok(None)
-    }
-    fn delegate <U> (&self, _: &mut S, _: impl Fn(Self)->U) -> Perhaps<U>
-        where Self: Sized
-    {
-        Ok(None)
-    }
-}
-impl<O: Out, T: Content<O>, F: Fn()->T> Lazy<O, T, F> {
-    pub const fn new (thunk: F) -> Self { Self(thunk, PhantomData) }
-}
-impl<O: Out> Layout<O> for Measure<O> {}
-impl<E: Out, T: AsRef<Measure<E>>> Measured<E> for T {
-    fn measure (&self) -> &Measure<E> { self.as_ref() }
-}
-impl<O: Out> Clone for Measure<O> {
-    fn clone (&self) -> Self {
-        Self { __: Default::default(), x: self.x.clone(), y: self.y.clone(), }
-    }
-}
-impl<O: Out, F: Fn(&mut O)> Thunk<O, F> {
-    pub const fn new (draw: F) -> Self { Self(PhantomData, draw) }
-}
-impl<O: Out, F: Fn(&mut O)> Draw<O> for Thunk<O, F> {
-    fn draw (&self, to: &mut O) { (self.1)(to) }
-}
-impl<O: Out, F: Fn(&mut O)> Layout<O> for Thunk<O, F> {}
-impl<T: PartialEq, U> Memo<T, U> {
-    pub fn new (value: T, view: U) -> Self { Self { value, view: Arc::new(view.into()) } }
-    pub fn update <R> (&mut self, newval: T, draw: impl Fn(&mut U, &T, &T)->R) -> Option<R> {
-        if newval != self.value {
-            let result = draw(&mut*self.view.write().unwrap(), &newval, &self.value);
-            self.value = newval;
-            return Some(result);
-        }
-        None
-    }
-}
-impl Direction {
-    pub fn split_fixed <N: Coord> (self, area: XYWH<N>, a: N) -> (XYWH<N>, XYWH<N>) {
-        let XYWH(x, y, w, h) = area;
-        match self {
-            North => (XYWH(x, y.plus(h).minus(a), w, a), XYWH(x, y, w, h.minus(a))),
-            South => (XYWH(x, y, w, a),                  XYWH(x, y.plus(a), w, h.minus(a))),
-            East  => (XYWH(x, y, a, h),                  XYWH(x.plus(a), y, w.minus(a), h)),
-            West  => (XYWH(x.plus(w).minus(a), y, a, h), XYWH(x, y, w.minus(a), h)),
-            Above | Below => (area, area)
-        }
-    }
-}
-impl<O: Out> PartialEq for Measure<O> {
-    fn eq (&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
-        self.x.load(Relaxed) == other.x.load(Relaxed) &&
-            self.y.load(Relaxed) == other.y.load(Relaxed)
-    }
-}
-// TODO: 🡘  🡙 ←🡙→ indicator to expand window when too small
-impl<O: Out> Draw<O> for Measure<O> {
-    fn draw (&self, to: &mut O) {
-        self.x.store(to.area().w().into(), Relaxed);
-        self.y.store(to.area().h().into(), Relaxed);
-    }
-}
-impl<O: Out> Debug for Measure<O> {
-    fn fmt (&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::result::Result<(), std::fmt::Error> {
-        f.debug_struct("Measure").field("width",  &self.x).field("height", &self.y).finish()
-    }
-}
-impl<O: Out> Measure<O> {
-    pub fn set_w (&self, w: impl Into<usize>) -> &Self { self.x.store(w.into(), Relaxed); self }
-    pub fn set_h (&self, h: impl Into<usize>) -> &Self { self.y.store(h.into(), Relaxed); self }
-    pub fn set_wh (&self, w: impl Into<usize>, h: impl Into<usize>) -> &Self { self.set_w(w); self.set_h(h); self }
-    pub fn format (&self) -> Arc<str> { format!("{}x{}", self.w(), self.h()).into() }
-    pub fn of <T: Draw<O>> (&self, item: T) -> Bsp<Fill<&Self>, T> { Bsp::b(Fill::XY(self), item) }
-    pub fn new (x: O::Unit, y: O::Unit) -> Self {
-        Self { __: PhantomData::default(), x: Arc::new(x.atomic()), y: Arc::new(y.atomic()), }
-    }
-}
-impl<O: Out> From<WH<O::Unit>> for Measure<O> {
-    fn from (WH(x, y): WH<O::Unit>) -> Self { Self::new(x, y) }
-}
-impl<O: Out> HasWH<O::Unit> for Measure<O> { /// FIXME don't convert to u16 specifically
-    fn w (&self) -> O::Unit { (self.x.load(Relaxed) as u16).into() }
-    fn h (&self) -> O::Unit { (self.y.load(Relaxed) as u16).into() }
-}
-impl<O: Out> Layout<O> for () {
-    fn layout_x      (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { a.x() }
-    fn layout_y      (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { a.y() }
-    fn layout_w      (&self, _: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { 0.into() }
-    fn layout_w_min  (&self, _: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { 0.into() }
-    fn layout_w_max  (&self, _: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { 0.into() }
-    fn layout_h      (&self, _: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { 0.into() }
-    fn layout_h_min  (&self, _: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { 0.into() }
-    fn layout_h_max  (&self, _: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { 0.into() }
-    fn layout (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> XYWH<O::Unit> { XYWH(a.x(), a.y(), 0.into(), 0.into()) }
-}
-impl<O: Out, L: Layout<O>> Layout<O> for &L {
-    fn layout_x      (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (*self).layout_x(a) }
-    fn layout_y      (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (*self).layout_y(a) }
-    fn layout_w      (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (*self).layout_w(a) }
-    fn layout_w_min  (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (*self).layout_w_min(a) }
-    fn layout_w_max  (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (*self).layout_w_max(a) }
-    fn layout_h      (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (*self).layout_h(a) }
-    fn layout_h_min  (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (*self).layout_h_min(a) }
-    fn layout_h_max  (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (*self).layout_h_max(a) }
-    fn layout (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> XYWH<O::Unit> { (*self).layout(a) }
-}
-
-impl<O: Out, L: Layout<O>> Layout<O> for &mut L {
-    fn layout_x      (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_x(a) }
-    fn layout_y      (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_y(a) }
-    fn layout_w      (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_w(a) }
-    fn layout_w_min  (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_w_min(a) }
-    fn layout_w_max  (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_w_max(a) }
-    fn layout_h      (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_h(a) }
-    fn layout_h_min  (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_h_min(a) }
-    fn layout_h_max  (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_h_max(a) }
-    fn layout (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> XYWH<O::Unit> { (**self).layout(a) }
-}
-
-impl<O: Out, L: Layout<O>> Layout<O> for Arc<L> {
-    fn layout_x      (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_x(a) }
-    fn layout_y      (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_y(a) }
-    fn layout_w      (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_w(a) }
-    fn layout_w_min  (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_w_min(a) }
-    fn layout_w_max  (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_w_max(a) }
-    fn layout_h      (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_h(a) }
-    fn layout_h_min  (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_h_min(a) }
-    fn layout_h_max  (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_h_max(a) }
-    fn layout (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> XYWH<O::Unit> { (**self).layout(a) }
-}
-impl<O: Out> Layout<O> for Box<dyn Layout<O>> {
-    fn layout_x      (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_x(a) }
-    fn layout_y      (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_y(a) }
-    fn layout_w      (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_w(a) }
-    fn layout_w_min  (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_w_min(a) }
-    fn layout_w_max  (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_w_max(a) }
-    fn layout_h      (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_h(a) }
-    fn layout_h_min  (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_h_min(a) }
-    fn layout_h_max  (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_h_max(a) }
-    fn layout (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> XYWH<O::Unit> { (**self).layout(a) }
-}
-impl<O: Out, L: Layout<O>> Layout<O> for RwLock<L> {
-    fn layout_x      (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { self.read().unwrap().layout_x(a) }
-    fn layout_y      (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { self.read().unwrap().layout_y(a) }
-    fn layout_w      (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { self.read().unwrap().layout_w(a) }
-    fn layout_w_min  (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { self.read().unwrap().layout_w_min(a) }
-    fn layout_w_max  (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { self.read().unwrap().layout_w_max(a) }
-    fn layout_h      (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { self.read().unwrap().layout_h(a) }
-    fn layout_h_min  (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { self.read().unwrap().layout_h_min(a) }
-    fn layout_h_max  (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { self.read().unwrap().layout_h_max(a) }
-    fn layout (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> XYWH<O::Unit> { self.read().unwrap().layout(a) }
-}
-impl<O: Out, L: Layout<O>> Layout<O> for Option<L> {
-    fn layout_x      (&self, to: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { self.as_ref().map(|c|c.layout_x(to)).unwrap_or(to.x()) }
-    fn layout_y      (&self, to: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { self.as_ref().map(|c|c.layout_y(to)).unwrap_or(to.y()) }
-    fn layout_w_min  (&self, to: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { self.as_ref().map(|c|c.layout_w_min(to)).unwrap_or(0.into()) }
-    fn layout_w_max  (&self, to: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { self.as_ref().map(|c|c.layout_w_max(to)).unwrap_or(0.into()) }
-    fn layout_w      (&self, to: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { self.as_ref().map(|c|c.layout_w(to)).unwrap_or(0.into()) }
-    fn layout_h_min  (&self, to: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { self.as_ref().map(|c|c.layout_h_min(to)).unwrap_or(0.into()) }
-    fn layout_h_max  (&self, to: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { self.as_ref().map(|c|c.layout_h_max(to)).unwrap_or(0.into()) }
-    fn layout_h      (&self, to: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { self.as_ref().map(|c|c.layout_h(to)).unwrap_or(0.into()) }
-    fn layout (&self, to: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> XYWH<O::Unit> {
-        let xywh = XYWH(self.layout_x(to), self.layout_y(to), self.layout_w(to), self.layout_h(to));
-        self.as_ref().map(|c|c.layout(xywh)).unwrap_or(XYWH(to.x(), to.y(), 0.into(), 0.into()))
-    }
-}
-impl<O: Out, D: Content<O>> HasContent<O> for Bounded<O, D> {
-    fn content (&self) -> impl Content<O> { &self.1 }
-}
-impl<O: Out, T: Draw<O>> Draw<O> for Bounded<O, T> {
-    fn draw (&self, to: &mut O) {
-        let area = to.area();
-        *to.area_mut() = self.0;
-        self.1.draw(to);
-        *to.area_mut() = area;
-    }
-}
-impl<O: Out, T: Content<O>> When<O, T> {
-    /// Create a binary condition.
-    pub const fn new (c: bool, a: T) -> Self { Self(c, a, PhantomData) }
-}
-impl<O: Out, T: Layout<O>> Layout<O> for When<O, T> {
-    fn layout (&self, to: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> XYWH<O::Unit> {
-        let Self(cond, item, ..) = self;
-        if *cond { item.layout(to) } else { XYWH::<O::Unit>::zero().into() }
-    }
-}
-impl<O: Out, T: Content<O>> Draw<O> for When<O, T> {
-    fn draw (&self, to: &mut O) {
-        let Self(cond, item, ..) = self;
-        if *cond { Bounded(self.layout(to.area()), item).draw(to) }
-    }
-}
-impl<E: Out, A: Content<E>, B: Content<E>> Either<E, A, B> {
-    /// Create a ternary view condition.
-    pub const fn new (c: bool, a: A, b: B) -> Self {
-        Self(c, a, b, PhantomData)
-    }
-}
-impl<E: Out, A: Layout<E>, B: Layout<E>> Layout<E> for Either<E, A, B> {
-    fn layout (&self, to: XYWH<E::Unit>) -> XYWH<E::Unit> {
-        let Self(cond, a, b, ..) = self;
-        if *cond { a.layout(to) } else { b.layout(to) }
-    }
-}
-impl<E: Out, A: Content<E>, B: Content<E>> Draw<E> for Either<E, A, B> {
-    fn draw (&self, to: &mut E) {
-        let Self(cond, a, b, ..) = self;
-        let area = self.layout(to.area());
-        if *cond { Bounded(area, a).draw(to) } else { Bounded(area, b).draw(to) }
-    }
-}
 
 macro_rules! layout_op_xy (
     // Variant for layout ops that take no coordinates
@@ -345,6 +54,7 @@ macro_rules! layout_op_xy (
         }
     };
 );
+
 // Implement layout op that increments X and/or Y by fixed amount.
 macro_rules! push_pull(($T:ident: $method: ident)=>{
     layout_op_xy!(1: $T);
@@ -353,7 +63,453 @@ macro_rules! push_pull(($T:ident: $method: ident)=>{
         fn layout_y (&self, area: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { area.y().$method(self.dy()) }
     }
 });
+
+macro_rules! impl_map_direction (($name:ident, $axis:ident, $align:ident)=>{
+    impl<'a, O, A, B, I, F> Map<
+        O, A, Push<O::Unit, Align<Fixed<O::Unit, Fill<B>>>>, I, F, fn(A, usize)->B
+    > where
+        O: Out,
+        B: Draw<O>,
+        I: Iterator<Item = A> + Send + Sync + 'a,
+        F: Fn() -> I + Send + Sync + 'a
+    {
+        pub const fn $name (
+            size:     O::Unit,
+            get_iter: F,
+            get_item: impl Fn(A, usize)->B + Send + Sync
+        ) -> Map<
+            O, A,
+            Push<O::Unit, Align<Fixed<O::Unit, B>>>,
+            I, F,
+            impl Fn(A, usize)->Push<O::Unit, Align<Fixed<O::Unit, B>>> + Send + Sync
+        > {
+            Map {
+                __: PhantomData,
+                get_iter,
+                get_item: move |item: A, index: usize|{
+                    // FIXME: multiply
+                    let mut push: O::Unit = O::Unit::from(0u16);
+                    for _ in 0..index {
+                        push = push + size;
+                    }
+                    Push::$axis(push, Align::$align(Fixed::$axis(size, get_item(item, index))))
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+});
+
+
+impl<S, T: Command<S>> Command<S> for Option<T> {
+    fn execute (&self, _: &mut S) -> Perhaps<Self> {
+        Ok(None)
+    }
+    fn delegate <U> (&self, _: &mut S, _: impl Fn(Self)->U) -> Perhaps<U>
+        where Self: Sized
+    {
+        Ok(None)
+    }
+}
+
+
+impl Coord for u16 {
+    fn plus (self, other: Self) -> Self { self.saturating_add(other) }
+}
+
+impl<N: Coord> HasXY<N> for XY<N> {
+    fn x (&self) -> N { self.0 }
+    fn y (&self) -> N { self.1 }
+}
+
+impl<N: Coord> HasXY<N> for XYWH<N> {
+    fn x (&self) -> N { self.0 }
+    fn y (&self) -> N { self.1 }
+}
+
+impl<O: Out> HasXY<O::Unit> for O {
+    // X coordinate of output area
+    #[inline] fn x (&self) -> O::Unit { self.area().x() }
+    // Y coordinate of output area
+    #[inline] fn y (&self) -> O::Unit { self.area().y() }
+}
+
+impl<N: Coord> HasWH<N> for WH<N> {
+    fn w (&self) -> N { self.0 }
+    fn h (&self) -> N { self.1 }
+}
+
+impl<N: Coord> HasWH<N> for XYWH<N> {
+    fn w (&self) -> N { self.2 }
+    fn h (&self) -> N { self.3 }
+}
+
+impl<O: Out> HasWH<O::Unit> for O {
+    // Width of output area
+    #[inline] fn w (&self) -> O::Unit { self.area().w() }
+    // Height of output area
+    #[inline] fn h (&self) -> O::Unit { self.area().h() }
+}
+
+impl<N: Coord> WH<N> {
+    pub fn clip_w (&self, w: N) -> [N;2] { [self.w().min(w), self.h()] }
+    pub fn clip_h (&self, h: N) -> [N;2] { [self.w(), self.h().min(h)] }
+    pub fn expect_min (&self, w: N, h: N) -> Usually<&Self> {
+        if self.w() < w || self.h() < h { return Err(format!("min {w}x{h}").into()) }
+        Ok(self)
+    }
+}
+impl<N: Coord> XYWH<N> {
+    pub fn zero () -> Self {
+        Self(0.into(), 0.into(), 0.into(), 0.into())
+    }
+    pub fn x2 (&self) -> N {
+        self.x().plus(self.w())
+    }
+    pub fn y2 (&self) -> N {
+        self.y().plus(self.h())
+    }
+    pub fn with_w (&self, w: N) -> XYWH<N> {
+        Self(self.x(), self.y(), w, self.h())
+    }
+    pub fn with_h (&self, h: N) -> XYWH<N> {
+        Self(self.x(), self.y(), self.w(), h)
+    }
+    pub fn lrtb (&self) -> [N;4] {
+        [self.x(), self.x2(), self.y(), self.y2()]
+    }
+    pub fn clipped_w (&self, w: N) -> XYWH<N> {
+        Self(self.x(), self.y(), self.w().min(w), self.h())
+    }
+    pub fn clipped_h (&self, h: N) -> XYWH<N> {
+        Self(self.x(), self.y(), self.w(), self.h().min(h))
+    }
+    pub fn clipped (&self, wh: WH<N>) -> XYWH<N> {
+        Self(self.x(), self.y(), wh.w(), wh.h())
+    }
+    /// Iterate over every covered X coordinate.
+    pub fn iter_x (&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = N> where N: std::iter::Step {
+        let Self(x, _, w, _) = *self;
+        x..(x+w)
+    }
+    /// Iterate over every covered Y coordinate.
+    pub fn iter_y (&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = N> where N: std::iter::Step {
+        let Self(_, y, _, h) = *self;
+        y..(y+h)
+    }
+    pub fn center (&self) -> XY<N> {
+        let Self(x, y, w, h) = self;
+        XY(self.x().plus(self.w()/2.into()), self.y().plus(self.h()/2.into()))
+    }
+    pub fn centered (&self) -> XY<N> {
+        let Self(x, y, w, h) = *self;
+        XY(x.minus(w/2.into()), y.minus(h/2.into()))
+    }
+    pub fn centered_x (&self, n: N) -> XYWH<N> {
+        let Self(x, y, w, h) = *self;
+        XYWH((x.plus(w / 2.into())).minus(n / 2.into()), y.plus(h / 2.into()), n, 1.into())
+    }
+    pub fn centered_y (&self, n: N) -> XYWH<N> {
+        let Self(x, y, w, h) = *self;
+        XYWH(x.plus(w / 2.into()), (y.plus(h / 2.into())).minus(n / 2.into()), 1.into(), n)
+    }
+    pub fn centered_xy (&self, [n, m]: [N;2]) -> XYWH<N> {
+        let Self(x, y, w, h) = *self;
+        XYWH((x.plus(w / 2.into())).minus(n / 2.into()), (y.plus(h / 2.into())).minus(m / 2.into()), n, m)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<O: Out, T: Draw<O> + Layout<O>> Content<O> for T {}
+
+impl<'a, O: Out> AsRef<dyn Draw<O> + 'a> for dyn Content<O> + 'a {
+    fn as_ref (&self) -> &(dyn Draw<O> + 'a) { self }
+}
+
+impl<'a, O: Out> AsRef<dyn Layout<O> + 'a> for dyn Content<O> + 'a {
+    fn as_ref (&self) -> &(dyn Layout<O> + 'a) { self }
+}
+
+impl<O: Out> Draw<O> for () {
+    fn draw (&self, _: &mut O) {}
+}
+
+impl<O: Out> Draw<O> for fn(&mut O) {
+    fn draw (&self, to: &mut O) { (*self)(to) }
+}
+
+impl<O: Out> Draw<O> for Box<dyn Draw<O>> {
+    fn draw (&self, to: &mut O) { (**self).draw(to) }
+}
+
+impl<O: Out, D: Draw<O>> Draw<O> for &D {
+    fn draw (&self, to: &mut O) { (*self).draw(to) }
+}
+
+impl<O: Out, D: Draw<O>> Draw<O> for &mut D {
+    fn draw (&self, to: &mut O) { (**self).draw(to) }
+}
+
+impl<O: Out, D: Draw<O>> Draw<O> for Arc<D> {
+    fn draw (&self, to: &mut O) { (**self).draw(to) }
+}
+
+impl<O: Out, D: Draw<O>> Draw<O> for RwLock<D> {
+    fn draw (&self, to: &mut O) { self.read().unwrap().draw(to) }
+}
+
+impl<O: Out, D: Draw<O>> Draw<O> for Option<D> {
+    fn draw (&self, to: &mut O) { if let Some(draw) = self { draw.draw(to) } }
+}
+
+//impl<O: Out, T: HasContent<O>> Draw<O> for T {
+    //fn draw (&self, to: &mut O) {
+        //let area = to.area();
+        //*to.area_mut() = self.0;
+        //self.content().draw(to);
+        //*to.area_mut() = area;
+    //}
+//}
+
+impl<O: Out, T: Content<O>, F: Fn()->T> Lazy<O, T, F> {
+    pub const fn new (thunk: F) -> Self { Self(thunk, PhantomData) }
+}
+
+impl<O: Out, F: Fn(&mut O)> Thunk<O, F> {
+    pub const fn new (draw: F) -> Self { Self(PhantomData, draw) }
+}
+
+impl<O: Out, F: Fn(&mut O)> Layout<O> for Thunk<O, F> {}
+
+impl<O: Out, F: Fn(&mut O)> Draw<O> for Thunk<O, F> {
+    fn draw (&self, to: &mut O) {
+        (self.1)(to)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: PartialEq, U> Memo<T, U> {
+    pub fn new (value: T, view: U) -> Self { Self { value, view: Arc::new(view.into()) } }
+    pub fn update <R> (&mut self, newval: T, draw: impl Fn(&mut U, &T, &T)->R) -> Option<R> {
+        if newval != self.value {
+            let result = draw(&mut*self.view.write().unwrap(), &newval, &self.value);
+            self.value = newval;
+            return Some(result);
+        }
+        None
+    }
+}
+
+impl Direction {
+    pub fn split_fixed <N: Coord> (self, area: XYWH<N>, a: N) -> (XYWH<N>, XYWH<N>) {
+        let XYWH(x, y, w, h) = area;
+        match self {
+            North => (XYWH(x, y.plus(h).minus(a), w, a), XYWH(x, y, w, h.minus(a))),
+            South => (XYWH(x, y, w, a),                  XYWH(x, y.plus(a), w, h.minus(a))),
+            East  => (XYWH(x, y, a, h),                  XYWH(x.plus(a), y, w.minus(a), h)),
+            West  => (XYWH(x.plus(w).minus(a), y, a, h), XYWH(x, y, w.minus(a), h)),
+            Above | Below => (area, area)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<E: Out, T: Has<Measure<E>>> Measured<E> for T {
+    fn measure (&self) -> &Measure<E> {
+        self.get()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<O: Out> Clone for Measure<O> {
+    fn clone (&self) -> Self {
+        Self { __: Default::default(), x: self.x.clone(), y: self.y.clone(), }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<O: Out> Layout<O> for Measure<O> {}
+
+impl<O: Out> PartialEq for Measure<O> {
+    fn eq (&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
+        self.x.load(Relaxed) == other.x.load(Relaxed) &&
+            self.y.load(Relaxed) == other.y.load(Relaxed)
+    }
+}
+
+// TODO: 🡘  🡙 ←🡙→ indicator to expand window when too small
+impl<O: Out> Draw<O> for Measure<O> {
+    fn draw (&self, to: &mut O) {
+        self.x.store(to.area().w().into(), Relaxed);
+        self.y.store(to.area().h().into(), Relaxed);
+    }
+}
+
+impl<O: Out> Debug for Measure<O> {
+    fn fmt (&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::result::Result<(), std::fmt::Error> {
+        f.debug_struct("Measure").field("width",  &self.x).field("height", &self.y).finish()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<O: Out> Measure<O> {
+    pub fn set_w (&self, w: impl Into<usize>) -> &Self { self.x.store(w.into(), Relaxed); self }
+    pub fn set_h (&self, h: impl Into<usize>) -> &Self { self.y.store(h.into(), Relaxed); self }
+    pub fn set_wh (&self, w: impl Into<usize>, h: impl Into<usize>) -> &Self { self.set_w(w); self.set_h(h); self }
+    pub fn format (&self) -> Arc<str> { format!("{}x{}", self.w(), self.h()).into() }
+    pub fn of <T: Draw<O>> (&self, item: T) -> Bsp<Fill<&Self>, T> { Bsp::b(Fill::XY(self), item) }
+    pub fn new (x: O::Unit, y: O::Unit) -> Self {
+        Self { __: PhantomData::default(), x: Arc::new(x.atomic()), y: Arc::new(y.atomic()), }
+    }
+}
+
+/// FIXME don't convert to u16 specifically
+impl<O: Out> HasWH<O::Unit> for Measure<O> {
+    fn w (&self) -> O::Unit { (self.x.load(Relaxed) as u16).into() }
+    fn h (&self) -> O::Unit { (self.y.load(Relaxed) as u16).into() }
+}
+impl<O: Out> From<WH<O::Unit>> for Measure<O> {
+    fn from (WH(x, y): WH<O::Unit>) -> Self { Self::new(x, y) }
+}
+
+impl<O: Out> Layout<O> for () {
+    fn layout_x      (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { a.x() }
+    fn layout_y      (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { a.y() }
+    fn layout_w      (&self, _: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { 0.into() }
+    fn layout_w_min  (&self, _: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { 0.into() }
+    fn layout_w_max  (&self, _: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { 0.into() }
+    fn layout_h      (&self, _: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { 0.into() }
+    fn layout_h_min  (&self, _: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { 0.into() }
+    fn layout_h_max  (&self, _: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { 0.into() }
+    fn layout (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> XYWH<O::Unit> { XYWH(a.x(), a.y(), 0.into(), 0.into()) }
+}
+
+impl<O: Out, L: Layout<O>> Layout<O> for &L {
+    fn layout_x      (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (*self).layout_x(a) }
+    fn layout_y      (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (*self).layout_y(a) }
+    fn layout_w      (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (*self).layout_w(a) }
+    fn layout_w_min  (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (*self).layout_w_min(a) }
+    fn layout_w_max  (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (*self).layout_w_max(a) }
+    fn layout_h      (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (*self).layout_h(a) }
+    fn layout_h_min  (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (*self).layout_h_min(a) }
+    fn layout_h_max  (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (*self).layout_h_max(a) }
+    fn layout (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> XYWH<O::Unit> { (*self).layout(a) }
+}
+
+impl<O: Out, L: Layout<O>> Layout<O> for &mut L {
+    fn layout_x      (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_x(a) }
+    fn layout_y      (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_y(a) }
+    fn layout_w      (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_w(a) }
+    fn layout_w_min  (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_w_min(a) }
+    fn layout_w_max  (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_w_max(a) }
+    fn layout_h      (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_h(a) }
+    fn layout_h_min  (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_h_min(a) }
+    fn layout_h_max  (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_h_max(a) }
+    fn layout (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> XYWH<O::Unit> { (**self).layout(a) }
+}
+
+impl<O: Out, L: Layout<O>> Layout<O> for Arc<L> {
+    fn layout_x      (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_x(a) }
+    fn layout_y      (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_y(a) }
+    fn layout_w      (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_w(a) }
+    fn layout_w_min  (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_w_min(a) }
+    fn layout_w_max  (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_w_max(a) }
+    fn layout_h      (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_h(a) }
+    fn layout_h_min  (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_h_min(a) }
+    fn layout_h_max  (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_h_max(a) }
+    fn layout (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> XYWH<O::Unit> { (**self).layout(a) }
+}
+
+impl<O: Out> Layout<O> for Box<dyn Layout<O>> {
+    fn layout_x      (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_x(a) }
+    fn layout_y      (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_y(a) }
+    fn layout_w      (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_w(a) }
+    fn layout_w_min  (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_w_min(a) }
+    fn layout_w_max  (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_w_max(a) }
+    fn layout_h      (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_h(a) }
+    fn layout_h_min  (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_h_min(a) }
+    fn layout_h_max  (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_h_max(a) }
+    fn layout (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> XYWH<O::Unit> { (**self).layout(a) }
+}
+
+impl<O: Out, L: Layout<O>> Layout<O> for RwLock<L> {
+    fn layout_x      (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { self.read().unwrap().layout_x(a) }
+    fn layout_y      (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { self.read().unwrap().layout_y(a) }
+    fn layout_w      (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { self.read().unwrap().layout_w(a) }
+    fn layout_w_min  (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { self.read().unwrap().layout_w_min(a) }
+    fn layout_w_max  (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { self.read().unwrap().layout_w_max(a) }
+    fn layout_h      (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { self.read().unwrap().layout_h(a) }
+    fn layout_h_min  (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { self.read().unwrap().layout_h_min(a) }
+    fn layout_h_max  (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { self.read().unwrap().layout_h_max(a) }
+    fn layout (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> XYWH<O::Unit> { self.read().unwrap().layout(a) }
+}
+
+impl<O: Out, L: Layout<O>> Layout<O> for Option<L> {
+    fn layout_x      (&self, to: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { self.as_ref().map(|c|c.layout_x(to)).unwrap_or(to.x()) }
+    fn layout_y      (&self, to: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { self.as_ref().map(|c|c.layout_y(to)).unwrap_or(to.y()) }
+    fn layout_w_min  (&self, to: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { self.as_ref().map(|c|c.layout_w_min(to)).unwrap_or(0.into()) }
+    fn layout_w_max  (&self, to: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { self.as_ref().map(|c|c.layout_w_max(to)).unwrap_or(0.into()) }
+    fn layout_w      (&self, to: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { self.as_ref().map(|c|c.layout_w(to)).unwrap_or(0.into()) }
+    fn layout_h_min  (&self, to: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { self.as_ref().map(|c|c.layout_h_min(to)).unwrap_or(0.into()) }
+    fn layout_h_max  (&self, to: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { self.as_ref().map(|c|c.layout_h_max(to)).unwrap_or(0.into()) }
+    fn layout_h      (&self, to: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { self.as_ref().map(|c|c.layout_h(to)).unwrap_or(0.into()) }
+    fn layout (&self, to: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> XYWH<O::Unit> {
+        let xywh = XYWH(self.layout_x(to), self.layout_y(to), self.layout_w(to), self.layout_h(to));
+        self.as_ref().map(|c|c.layout(xywh)).unwrap_or(XYWH(to.x(), to.y(), 0.into(), 0.into()))
+    }
+}
+
+impl<O: Out, D: Content<O>> HasContent<O> for Bounded<O, D> {
+    fn content (&self) -> impl Content<O> {
+        &self.1
+    }
+}
+
+impl<O: Out, T: Draw<O>> Draw<O> for Bounded<O, T> {
+    fn draw (&self, to: &mut O) {
+        let area = to.area();
+        *to.area_mut() = self.0;
+        self.1.draw(to);
+        *to.area_mut() = area;
+    }
+}
+
+impl<O: Out, T: Content<O>> When<O, T> {
+    /// Create a binary condition.
+    pub const fn new (c: bool, a: T) -> Self { Self(c, a, PhantomData) }
+}
+
+impl<O: Out, T: Layout<O>> Layout<O> for When<O, T> {
+    fn layout (&self, to: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> XYWH<O::Unit> {
+        let Self(cond, item, ..) = self;
+        if *cond { item.layout(to) } else { XYWH::<O::Unit>::zero().into() }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<O: Out, T: Content<O>> Draw<O> for When<O, T> {
+    fn draw (&self, to: &mut O) {
+        let Self(cond, item, ..) = self;
+        if *cond { Bounded(self.layout(to.area()), item).draw(to) }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<E: Out, A: Content<E>, B: Content<E>> Either<E, A, B> {
+    /// Create a ternary view condition.
+    pub const fn new (c: bool, a: A, b: B) -> Self {
+        Self(c, a, b, PhantomData)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<E: Out, A: Layout<E>, B: Layout<E>> Layout<E> for Either<E, A, B> {
+    fn layout (&self, to: XYWH<E::Unit>) -> XYWH<E::Unit> {
+        let Self(cond, a, b, ..) = self;
+        if *cond { a.layout(to) } else { b.layout(to) }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<E: Out, A: Content<E>, B: Content<E>> Draw<E> for Either<E, A, B> {
+    fn draw (&self, to: &mut E) {
+        let Self(cond, a, b, ..) = self;
+        let area = self.layout(to.area());
+        if *cond { Bounded(area, a).draw(to) } else { Bounded(area, b).draw(to) }
+    }
+}
+
 push_pull!(Push: plus);
+
 push_pull!(Pull: minus);
 
 layout_op_xy!(0: Fill);
@@ -629,40 +785,6 @@ impl<'a, O, A, B, I, F, G> Map<O, A, B, I, F, G> where
     }
 }
 
-macro_rules! impl_map_direction (($name:ident, $axis:ident, $align:ident)=>{
-    impl<'a, O, A, B, I, F> Map<
-        O, A, Push<O::Unit, Align<Fixed<O::Unit, Fill<B>>>>, I, F, fn(A, usize)->B
-    > where
-        O: Out,
-        B: Draw<O>,
-        I: Iterator<Item = A> + Send + Sync + 'a,
-        F: Fn() -> I + Send + Sync + 'a
-    {
-        pub const fn $name (
-            size:     O::Unit,
-            get_iter: F,
-            get_item: impl Fn(A, usize)->B + Send + Sync
-        ) -> Map<
-            O, A,
-            Push<O::Unit, Align<Fixed<O::Unit, B>>>,
-            I, F,
-            impl Fn(A, usize)->Push<O::Unit, Align<Fixed<O::Unit, B>>> + Send + Sync
-        > {
-            Map {
-                __: PhantomData,
-                get_iter,
-                get_item: move |item: A, index: usize|{
-                    // FIXME: multiply
-                    let mut push: O::Unit = O::Unit::from(0u16);
-                    for _ in 0..index {
-                        push = push + size;
-                    }
-                    Push::$axis(push, Align::$align(Fixed::$axis(size, get_item(item, index))))
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-});
 impl_map_direction!(east,  X, w);
 impl_map_direction!(south, Y, n);
 impl_map_direction!(west,  X, e);
@@ -715,12 +837,95 @@ impl<'a, O, A, B, I, F, G> Draw<O> for Map<O, A, B, I, F, G> where
     }
 }
 
-impl_default!(PerfModel: Self {
-    enabled: true,
-    clock:   quanta::Clock::new(),
-    used:    Default::default(),
-    window:  Default::default(),
-});
+impl Tryptich<(), (), ()> {
+    pub fn center (h: u16) -> Self {
+        Self { h, top: false, left: (0, ()), middle: (0, ()), right: (0, ()) }
+    }
+    pub fn top (h: u16) -> Self {
+        Self { h, top: true, left: (0, ()), middle: (0, ()), right: (0, ()) }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<A, B, C> Tryptich<A, B, C> {
+    pub fn left <D> (self, w: u16, content: D) -> Tryptich<D, B, C> {
+        Tryptich { left: (w, content), ..self }
+    }
+    pub fn middle <D> (self, w: u16, content: D) -> Tryptich<A, D, C> {
+        Tryptich { middle: (w, content), ..self }
+    }
+    pub fn right <D> (self, w: u16, content: D) -> Tryptich<A, B, D> {
+        Tryptich { right: (w, content), ..self }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<O: Out, Color, Item: Layout<O>> Layout<O> for Foreground<Color, Item> {
+    fn layout (&self, to: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> XYWH<O::Unit> { self.1.layout(to) }
+}
+
+impl<O: Out, Color, Item: Layout<O>> Layout<O> for Background<Color, Item> {
+    fn layout (&self, to: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> XYWH<O::Unit> { self.1.layout(to) }
+}
+
+impl<O: Out, T, L: Content<O>, V: Content<O>> HasContent<O> for FieldH<T, L, V> {
+    fn content (&self) -> impl Content<O> { Bsp::e(&self.1, &self.2) }
+}
+
+impl<O: Out, T, L: Content<O>, V: Content<O>> Layout<O> for FieldH<T, L, V> {
+    fn layout (&self, to: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> XYWH<O::Unit> { self.content().layout(to) }
+}
+
+impl<O: Out, T, L: Content<O>, V: Content<O>> Draw<O> for FieldH<T, L, V> {
+    fn draw (&self, to: &mut O) { self.content().draw(to) }
+}
+
+impl<O: Out, T, L: Content<O>, V: Content<O>> HasContent<O> for FieldV<T, L, V> {
+    fn content (&self) -> impl Content<O> { Bsp::s(&self.1, &self.2) }
+}
+
+impl<O: Out, T, L: Content<O>, V: Content<O>> Layout<O> for FieldV<T, L, V> {
+    fn layout (&self, to: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> XYWH<O::Unit> { self.content().layout(to) }
+}
+
+impl<O: Out, T, L: Content<O>, V: Content<O>> Draw<O> for FieldV<T, L, V> {
+    fn draw (&self, to: &mut O) { self.content().draw(to) }
+}
+
+impl<O: Out, S: Layout<O>> Layout<O> for Border<S> {
+    fn layout (&self, area: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> XYWH<O::Unit> {
+        self.1.layout(area)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<C, T, U> Field<C, T, U> {
+    pub fn new (direction: Direction) -> Field<C, (), ()> {
+        Field::<C, (), ()> {
+            direction,
+            label: None, label_fg: None, label_bg: None, label_align: None,
+            value: None, value_fg: None, value_bg: None, value_align: None,
+        }
+    }
+    pub fn label <L> (
+        self, label: Option<L>, align: Option<Direction>, fg: Option<C>, bg: Option<C>
+    ) -> Field<C, L, U> {
+        Field::<C, L, U> { label, label_fg: fg, label_bg: bg, label_align: align, ..self }
+    }
+    pub fn value <V> (
+        self, value: Option<V>, align: Option<Direction>, fg: Option<C>, bg: Option<C>
+    ) -> Field<C, T, V> {
+        Field::<C, T, V> { value, value_fg: fg, value_bg: bg, value_align: align, ..self }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Default for PerfModel {
+    fn default () -> Self {
+        Self {
+            enabled: true,
+            clock:   quanta::Clock::new(),
+            used:    Default::default(),
+            window:  Default::default(),
+        }
+    }
+}
 
 impl PerfModel {
     pub fn get_t0 (&self) -> Option<u64> {
@@ -759,491 +964,349 @@ impl PerfModel {
     }
 }
 
-mod xywh {
-    use crate::*;
-    impl<N: Coord> HasXY<N> for XY<N> {
-        fn x (&self) -> N { self.0 }
-        fn y (&self) -> N { self.1 }
+impl Tui {
+    pub fn new (output: Box<dyn Write + Send + Sync>) -> Usually<Self> {
+        let backend = CrosstermBackend::new(output);
+        let Size { width, height } = backend.size()?;
+        Ok(Self {
+            exited:  Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false)),
+            buffer:  Buffer::empty(Rect { x: 0, y: 0, width, height }),
+            area:    [0, 0, width, height],
+            perf:    Default::default(),
+            backend,
+        })
     }
-    impl<N: Coord> HasXY<N> for XYWH<N> {
-        fn x (&self) -> N { self.0 }
-        fn y (&self) -> N { self.1 }
+    /// Create and launch a terminal user interface.
+    pub fn run <T> (self, join: bool, state: &Arc<RwLock<T>>) -> Usually<Arc<RwLock<Self>>> where
+        T: Handle<TuiIn> + Draw<TuiOut> + Send + Sync + 'static
+    {
+        let tui = Arc::new(RwLock::new(self));
+        let _input_thread = tui_input(tui.clone(), state, Duration::from_millis(100));
+        tui.write().unwrap().setup()?;
+        let render_thread = tui_output(tui.clone(), state, Duration::from_millis(10))?;
+        if join {
+            match render_thread.join() {
+                Ok(result) => {
+                    tui.write().unwrap().teardown()?;
+                    println!("\n\rRan successfully: {result:?}\n\r");
+                },
+                Err(error) => {
+                    tui.write().unwrap().teardown()?;
+                    panic!("\n\rDraw thread failed: error={error:?}.\n\r")
+                },
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(tui)
     }
-    impl<O: Out> HasXY<O::Unit> for O {
-        // X coordinate of output area
-        #[inline] fn x (&self) -> O::Unit { self.area().x() }
-        // Y coordinate of output area
-        #[inline] fn y (&self) -> O::Unit { self.area().y() }
+    /// True if done
+    pub fn exited (&self) -> bool { self.exited.fetch_and(true, Relaxed) }
+    /// Prepare before run
+    pub fn setup (&mut self) -> Usually<()> { tui_setup(&mut self.backend) }
+    /// Clean up after run
+    pub fn teardown (&mut self) -> Usually<()> { tui_teardown(&mut self.backend) }
+    /// Apply changes to the display buffer.
+    pub fn flip (&mut self, mut buffer: Buffer, size: ratatui::prelude::Rect) -> Buffer {
+        tui_resized(&mut self.backend, &mut self.buffer, size);
+        tui_redrawn(&mut self.backend, &mut self.buffer, &mut buffer);
+        buffer
     }
-    impl<N: Coord> HasWH<N> for WH<N> {
-        fn w (&self) -> N { self.0 }
-        fn h (&self) -> N { self.1 }
+}
+impl Input for TuiIn {
+    type Event = TuiEvent;
+    type Handled = bool;
+    fn event (&self) -> &TuiEvent { &self.event }
+}
+impl Done for TuiIn {
+    fn done (&self) { self.exited.store(true, Relaxed); }
+    fn is_done (&self) -> bool { self.exited.fetch_and(true, Relaxed) }
+}
+impl Ord for TuiEvent {
+    fn cmp (&self, other: &Self) -> std::cmp::Ordering {
+        self.partial_cmp(other)
+            .unwrap_or_else(||format!("{:?}", self).cmp(&format!("{other:?}"))) // FIXME perf
     }
-    impl<N: Coord> HasWH<N> for XYWH<N> {
-        fn w (&self) -> N { self.2 }
-        fn h (&self) -> N { self.3 }
+}
+impl TuiEvent {
+    pub fn from_crossterm (event: Event) -> Self { Self(event) }
+    #[cfg(feature = "dsl")] pub fn from_dsl (dsl: impl Language) -> Perhaps<Self> {
+        Ok(TuiKey::from_dsl(dsl)?.to_crossterm().map(Self))
     }
-    impl<O: Out> HasWH<O::Unit> for O {
-        // Width of output area
-        #[inline] fn w (&self) -> O::Unit { self.area().w() }
-        // Height of output area
-        #[inline] fn h (&self) -> O::Unit { self.area().h() }
+}
+impl From<Event> for TuiEvent {
+    fn from (e: Event) -> Self {
+        Self(e)
     }
-    impl<N: Coord> WH<N> {
-        pub fn clip_w (&self, w: N) -> [N;2] { [self.w().min(w), self.h()] }
-        pub fn clip_h (&self, h: N) -> [N;2] { [self.w(), self.h().min(h)] }
-        pub fn expect_min (&self, w: N, h: N) -> Usually<&Self> {
-            if self.w() < w || self.h() < h { return Err(format!("min {w}x{h}").into()) }
-            Ok(self)
+}
+impl From<char> for TuiEvent {
+    fn from (c: char) -> Self {
+        Self(Event::Key(KeyEvent::new(KeyCode::Char(c), KeyModifiers::NONE)))
+    }
+}
+impl TuiKey {
+    const SPLIT: char = '/';
+    #[cfg(feature = "dsl")] pub fn from_dsl (dsl: impl Language) -> Usually<Self> {
+        if let Some(word) = dsl.word()? {
+            let word = word.trim();
+            Ok(if word == ":char" {
+                Self(None, KeyModifiers::NONE)
+            } else if word.chars().nth(0) == Some('@') {
+                let mut key       = None;
+                let mut modifiers = KeyModifiers::NONE;
+                let mut tokens    = word[1..].split(Self::SPLIT).peekable();
+                while let Some(token) = tokens.next() {
+                    if tokens.peek().is_some() {
+                        match token {
+                            "ctrl"  | "Ctrl"  | "c" | "C" => modifiers |= KeyModifiers::CONTROL,
+                            "alt"   | "Alt"   | "m" | "M" => modifiers |= KeyModifiers::ALT,
+                            "shift" | "Shift" | "s" | "S" => {
+                                modifiers |= KeyModifiers::SHIFT;
+                                // + TODO normalize character case, BackTab, etc.
+                            },
+                            _ => panic!("unknown modifier {token}"),
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        key = if token.len() == 1 {
+                            Some(KeyCode::Char(token.chars().next().unwrap()))
+                        } else {
+                            Some(named_key(token).unwrap_or_else(||panic!("unknown character {token}")))
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                Self(key, modifiers)
+            } else {
+                return Err(format!("TuiKey: unexpected: {word}").into())
+            })
+        } else {
+            return Err(format!("TuiKey: unspecified").into())
         }
     }
-    impl<N: Coord> XYWH<N> {
-        pub fn zero () -> Self {
-            Self(0.into(), 0.into(), 0.into(), 0.into())
+    pub fn to_crossterm (&self) -> Option<Event> {
+        self.0.map(|code|Event::Key(KeyEvent {
+            code,
+            modifiers: self.1,
+            kind:  KeyEventKind::Press,
+            state: KeyEventState::NONE,
+        }))
+    }
+}
+impl Out for TuiOut {
+    type Unit = u16;
+    #[inline] fn area (&self) -> XYWH<u16> { self.area }
+    #[inline] fn area_mut (&mut self) -> &mut XYWH<u16> { &mut self.area }
+    #[inline] fn place_at <'t, T: Draw<Self> + ?Sized> (&mut self, area: XYWH<u16>, content: &'t T) {
+        let last = self.area();
+        *self.area_mut() = area;
+        content.draw(self);
+        *self.area_mut() = last;
+    }
+}
+impl TuiOut {
+    #[inline] pub fn with_rect (&mut self, area: XYWH<u16>) -> &mut Self { self.area = area; self }
+    pub fn update    (&mut self, area: XYWH<u16>, callback: &impl Fn(&mut Cell, u16, u16)) { tui_update(&mut self.buffer, area, callback); }
+    pub fn fill_char (&mut self, area: XYWH<u16>, c: char) { self.update(area, &|cell,_,_|{cell.set_char(c);}) }
+    pub fn fill_bg   (&mut self, area: XYWH<u16>, color: Color) { self.update(area, &|cell,_,_|{cell.set_bg(color);}) }
+    pub fn fill_fg   (&mut self, area: XYWH<u16>, color: Color) { self.update(area, &|cell,_,_|{cell.set_fg(color);}) }
+    pub fn fill_mod  (&mut self, area: XYWH<u16>, on: bool, modifier: Modifier) {
+        if on {
+            self.update(area, &|cell,_,_|cell.modifier.insert(modifier))
+        } else {
+            self.update(area, &|cell,_,_|cell.modifier.remove(modifier))
         }
-        pub fn x2 (&self) -> N {
-            self.x().plus(self.w())
+    }
+    pub fn fill_bold        (&mut self, area: XYWH<u16>, on: bool) { self.fill_mod(area, on, Modifier::BOLD) }
+    pub fn fill_reversed    (&mut self, area: XYWH<u16>, on: bool) { self.fill_mod(area, on, Modifier::REVERSED) }
+    pub fn fill_crossed_out (&mut self, area: XYWH<u16>, on: bool) { self.fill_mod(area, on, Modifier::CROSSED_OUT) }
+    pub fn fill_ul (&mut self, area: XYWH<u16>, color: Option<Color>) {
+        if let Some(color) = color {
+            self.update(area, &|cell,_,_|{
+                cell.modifier.insert(ratatui::prelude::Modifier::UNDERLINED);
+                cell.underline_color = color;
+            })
+        } else {
+            self.update(area, &|cell,_,_|{
+                cell.modifier.remove(ratatui::prelude::Modifier::UNDERLINED);
+            })
         }
-        pub fn y2 (&self) -> N {
-            self.y().plus(self.h())
+    }
+    pub fn tint_all (&mut self, fg: Color, bg: Color, modifier: Modifier) {
+        for cell in self.buffer.content.iter_mut() {
+            cell.fg = fg;
+            cell.bg = bg;
+            cell.modifier = modifier;
         }
-        pub fn with_w (&self, w: N) -> XYWH<N> {
-            Self(self.x(), self.y(), w, self.h())
+    }
+    pub fn blit (&mut self, text: &impl AsRef<str>, x: u16, y: u16, style: Option<Style>) {
+        let text = text.as_ref();
+        let buf = &mut self.buffer;
+        let style = style.unwrap_or(Style::default());
+        if x < buf.area.width && y < buf.area.height {
+            buf.set_string(x, y, text, style);
         }
-        pub fn with_h (&self, h: N) -> XYWH<N> {
-            Self(self.x(), self.y(), self.w(), h)
-        }
-        pub fn lrtb (&self) -> [N;4] {
-            [self.x(), self.x2(), self.y(), self.y2()]
-        }
-        pub fn clipped_w (&self, w: N) -> XYWH<N> {
-            Self(self.x(), self.y(), self.w().min(w), self.h())
-        }
-        pub fn clipped_h (&self, h: N) -> XYWH<N> {
-            Self(self.x(), self.y(), self.w(), self.h().min(h))
-        }
-        pub fn clipped (&self, wh: WH<N>) -> XYWH<N> {
-            Self(self.x(), self.y(), wh.w(), wh.h())
-        }
-        /// Iterate over every covered X coordinate.
-        pub fn iter_x (&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = N> where N: std::iter::Step {
-            let Self(x, _, w, _) = *self;
-            x..(x+w)
-        }
-        /// Iterate over every covered Y coordinate.
-        pub fn iter_y (&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = N> where N: std::iter::Step {
-            let Self(_, y, _, h) = *self;
-            y..(y+h)
-        }
-        pub fn center (&self) -> XY<N> {
-            let Self(x, y, w, h) = self;
-            XY(self.x().plus(self.w()/2.into()), self.y().plus(self.h()/2.into()))
-        }
-        pub fn centered (&self) -> XY<N> {
-            let Self(x, y, w, h) = *self;
-            XY(x.minus(w/2.into()), y.minus(h/2.into()))
-        }
-        pub fn centered_x (&self, n: N) -> XYWH<N> {
-            let Self(x, y, w, h) = *self;
-            XYWH((x.plus(w / 2.into())).minus(n / 2.into()), y.plus(h / 2.into()), n, 1.into())
-        }
-        pub fn centered_y (&self, n: N) -> XYWH<N> {
-            let Self(x, y, w, h) = *self;
-            XYWH(x.plus(w / 2.into()), (y.plus(h / 2.into())).minus(n / 2.into()), 1.into(), n)
-        }
-        pub fn centered_xy (&self, [n, m]: [N;2]) -> XYWH<N> {
-            let Self(x, y, w, h) = *self;
-            XYWH((x.plus(w / 2.into())).minus(n / 2.into()), (y.plus(h / 2.into())).minus(m / 2.into()), n, m)
+    }
+    /// Write a line of text
+    ///
+    /// TODO: do a paragraph (handle newlines)
+    pub fn text (&mut self, text: &impl AsRef<str>, x0: u16, y: u16, max_width: u16) {
+        let text = text.as_ref();
+        let buf  = &mut self.buffer;
+        let mut string_width: u16 = 0;
+        for character in text.chars() {
+            let x = x0 + string_width;
+            let character_width = character.width().unwrap_or(0) as u16;
+            string_width += character_width;
+            if string_width > max_width {
+                break
+            }
+            if let Some(cell) = buf.cell_mut(ratatui::prelude::Position { x, y }) {
+                cell.set_char(character);
+            } else {
+                break
+            }
         }
     }
 }
-
-#[cfg(feature = "tui")] pub use self::tui_impls::*;
-#[cfg(feature = "tui")] mod tui_impls {
-    use crate::*;
-    use unicode_width::{UnicodeWidthStr, UnicodeWidthChar};
-    use rand::distributions::uniform::UniformSampler;
-    impl Coord for u16 { fn plus (self, other: Self) -> Self { self.saturating_add(other) } }
-    impl_from!(BigBuffer: |size:(usize, usize)| Self::new(size.0, size.1));
-    impl_from!(ItemTheme: |base: ItemColor|     Self::from_item_color(base));
-    impl_from!(ItemTheme: |base: Color|       Self::from_tui_color(base));
-    impl_from!(ItemColor: |rgb: Color|        Self { rgb, okhsl: rgb_to_okhsl(rgb) });
-    impl_from!(ItemColor: |okhsl: Okhsl<f32>| Self { okhsl, rgb: okhsl_to_rgb(okhsl) });
-    impl_debug!(BigBuffer |self, f| { write!(f, "[BB {}x{} ({})]", self.width, self.height, self.content.len()) });
-    impl Tui {
-        pub fn new (output: Box<dyn Write + Send + Sync>) -> Usually<Self> {
-            let backend = CrosstermBackend::new(output);
-            let Size { width, height } = backend.size()?;
-            Ok(Self {
-                exited:  Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false)),
-                buffer:  Buffer::empty(Rect { x: 0, y: 0, width, height }),
-                area:    [0, 0, width, height],
-                perf:    Default::default(),
-                backend,
-            })
+impl BigBuffer {
+    pub fn new (width: usize, height: usize) -> Self {
+        Self { width, height, content: vec![Cell::default(); width*height] }
+    }
+    pub fn get (&self, x: usize, y: usize) -> Option<&Cell> {
+        let i = self.index_of(x, y);
+        self.content.get(i)
+    }
+    pub fn get_mut (&mut self, x: usize, y: usize) -> Option<&mut Cell> {
+        let i = self.index_of(x, y);
+        self.content.get_mut(i)
+    }
+    pub fn index_of (&self, x: usize, y: usize) -> usize {
+        y * self.width + x
+    }
+}
+// A single color within item theme parameters, in OKHSL and RGB representations.
+impl ItemColor {
+    pub const fn from_rgb (rgb: Color) -> Self {
+        Self { rgb, okhsl: Okhsl::new_const(OklabHue::new(0.0), 0.0, 0.0) }
+    }
+    pub const fn from_okhsl (okhsl: Okhsl<f32>) -> Self {
+        Self { rgb: Color::Rgb(0, 0, 0), okhsl }
+    }
+    pub fn random () -> Self {
+        let mut rng = thread_rng();
+        let lo = Okhsl::new(-180.0, 0.01, 0.25);
+        let hi = Okhsl::new( 180.0, 0.9,  0.5);
+        UniformOkhsl::new(lo, hi).sample(&mut rng).into()
+    }
+    pub fn random_dark () -> Self {
+        let mut rng = thread_rng();
+        let lo = Okhsl::new(-180.0, 0.025, 0.075);
+        let hi = Okhsl::new( 180.0, 0.5,   0.150);
+        UniformOkhsl::new(lo, hi).sample(&mut rng).into()
+    }
+    pub fn random_near (color: Self, distance: f32) -> Self {
+        color.mix(Self::random(), distance)
+    }
+    pub fn mix (&self, other: Self, distance: f32) -> Self {
+        if distance > 1.0 { panic!("color mixing takes distance between 0.0 and 1.0"); }
+        self.okhsl.mix(other.okhsl, distance).into()
+    }
+}
+impl ItemTheme {
+    pub const G: [Self;256] = {
+        let mut builder = konst::array::ArrayBuilder::new();
+        while !builder.is_full() {
+            let index    = builder.len() as u8;
+            let light    = (index as f64 * 1.15) as u8;
+            let lighter  = (index as f64 * 1.7) as u8;
+            let lightest = (index as f64 * 1.85) as u8;
+            let dark     = (index as f64 * 0.9) as u8;
+            let darker   = (index as f64 * 0.6) as u8;
+            let darkest  = (index as f64 * 0.3) as u8;
+            builder.push(ItemTheme {
+                base:     ItemColor::from_rgb(Color::Rgb(index,    index,    index     )),
+                light:    ItemColor::from_rgb(Color::Rgb(light,    light,    light,    )),
+                lighter:  ItemColor::from_rgb(Color::Rgb(lighter,  lighter,  lighter,  )),
+                lightest: ItemColor::from_rgb(Color::Rgb(lightest, lightest, lightest, )),
+                dark:     ItemColor::from_rgb(Color::Rgb(dark,     dark,     dark,     )),
+                darker:   ItemColor::from_rgb(Color::Rgb(darker,   darker,   darker,   )),
+                darkest:  ItemColor::from_rgb(Color::Rgb(darkest,  darkest,  darkest,  )),
+            });
         }
-        /// Create and launch a terminal user interface.
-        pub fn run <T> (self, join: bool, state: &Arc<RwLock<T>>) -> Usually<Arc<RwLock<Self>>> where
-            T: Handle<TuiIn> + Draw<TuiOut> + Send + Sync + 'static
-        {
-            let tui = Arc::new(RwLock::new(self));
-            let _input_thread = tui_input(tui.clone(), state, Duration::from_millis(100));
-            tui.write().unwrap().setup()?;
-            let render_thread = tui_output(tui.clone(), state, Duration::from_millis(10))?;
-            if join {
-                match render_thread.join() {
-                    Ok(result) => {
-                        tui.write().unwrap().teardown()?;
-                        println!("\n\rRan successfully: {result:?}\n\r");
-                    },
-                    Err(error) => {
-                        tui.write().unwrap().teardown()?;
-                        panic!("\n\rDraw thread failed: error={error:?}.\n\r")
-                    },
-                }
-            }
-            Ok(tui)
+        builder.build()
+    };
+    pub fn random () -> Self { ItemColor::random().into() }
+    pub fn random_near (color: Self, distance: f32) -> Self {
+        color.base.mix(ItemColor::random(), distance).into()
+    }
+    pub const G00: Self = {
+        let color: ItemColor = ItemColor {
+            okhsl: Okhsl { hue: OklabHue::new(0.0), lightness: 0.0, saturation: 0.0 },
+            rgb: Color::Rgb(0, 0, 0)
+        };
+        Self {
+            base:     color,
+            light:    color,
+            lighter:  color,
+            lightest: color,
+            dark:     color,
+            darker:   color,
+            darkest:  color,
         }
-        /// True if done
-        pub fn exited (&self) -> bool { self.exited.fetch_and(true, Relaxed) }
-        /// Prepare before run
-        pub fn setup (&mut self) -> Usually<()> { tui_setup(&mut self.backend) }
-        /// Clean up after run
-        pub fn teardown (&mut self) -> Usually<()> { tui_teardown(&mut self.backend) }
-        /// Apply changes to the display buffer.
-        pub fn flip (&mut self, mut buffer: Buffer, size: ratatui::prelude::Rect) -> Buffer {
-            tui_resized(&mut self.backend, &mut self.buffer, size);
-            tui_redrawn(&mut self.backend, &mut self.buffer, &mut buffer);
-            buffer
+    };
+    pub fn from_tui_color (base: Color) -> Self {
+        Self::from_item_color(ItemColor::from_rgb(base))
+    }
+    pub fn from_item_color (base: ItemColor) -> Self {
+        let mut light      = base.okhsl;
+        light.lightness    = (light.lightness    * 1.3).min(1.0);
+        let mut lighter    = light;
+        lighter.lightness  = (lighter.lightness  * 1.3).min(1.0);
+        let mut lightest   = base.okhsl;
+        lightest.lightness = 0.95;
+        let mut dark       = base.okhsl;
+        dark.lightness     = (dark.lightness     * 0.75).max(0.0);
+        dark.saturation    = (dark.saturation    * 0.75).max(0.0);
+        let mut darker     = dark;
+        darker.lightness   = (darker.lightness   * 0.66).max(0.0);
+        darker.saturation  = (darker.saturation  * 0.66).max(0.0);
+        let mut darkest    = darker;
+        darkest.lightness  = 0.1;
+        darkest.saturation = (darkest.saturation * 0.50).max(0.0);
+        Self {
+            base,
+            light:    light.into(),
+            lighter:  lighter.into(),
+            lightest: lightest.into(),
+            dark:     dark.into(),
+            darker:   darker.into(),
+            darkest:  darkest.into(),
         }
     }
-
-    impl Input for TuiIn {
-        type Event = TuiEvent;
-        type Handled = bool;
-        fn event (&self) -> &TuiEvent { &self.event }
+}
+impl<T> Phat<T> {
+    pub const LO: &'static str = "▄";
+    pub const HI: &'static str = "▀";
+    /// A phat line
+    pub fn lo (fg: Color, bg: Color) -> impl Content<TuiOut> {
+        Fixed::Y(1, Tui::fg_bg(fg, bg, Repeat::X(Self::LO)))
     }
-
-    impl Done for TuiIn {
-        fn done (&self) { self.exited.store(true, Relaxed); }
-        fn is_done (&self) -> bool { self.exited.fetch_and(true, Relaxed) }
-    }
-
-    impl Ord for TuiEvent {
-        fn cmp (&self, other: &Self) -> std::cmp::Ordering {
-            self.partial_cmp(other)
-                .unwrap_or_else(||format!("{:?}", self).cmp(&format!("{other:?}"))) // FIXME perf
-        }
-    }
-
-    impl TuiEvent {
-        pub fn from_crossterm (event: Event) -> Self { Self(event) }
-        #[cfg(feature = "dsl")] pub fn from_dsl (dsl: impl Language) -> Perhaps<Self> {
-            Ok(TuiKey::from_dsl(dsl)?.to_crossterm().map(Self))
-        }
-    }
-
-    impl From<Event> for TuiEvent {
-        fn from (e: Event) -> Self {
-            Self(e)
-        }
-    }
-
-    impl From<char> for TuiEvent {
-        fn from (c: char) -> Self {
-            Self(Event::Key(KeyEvent::new(KeyCode::Char(c), KeyModifiers::NONE)))
-        }
-    }
-
-    impl TuiKey {
-        const SPLIT: char = '/';
-        #[cfg(feature = "dsl")] pub fn from_dsl (dsl: impl Language) -> Usually<Self> {
-            if let Some(word) = dsl.word()? {
-                let word = word.trim();
-                Ok(if word == ":char" {
-                    Self(None, KeyModifiers::NONE)
-                } else if word.chars().nth(0) == Some('@') {
-                    let mut key       = None;
-                    let mut modifiers = KeyModifiers::NONE;
-                    let mut tokens    = word[1..].split(Self::SPLIT).peekable();
-                    while let Some(token) = tokens.next() {
-                        if tokens.peek().is_some() {
-                            match token {
-                                "ctrl"  | "Ctrl"  | "c" | "C" => modifiers |= KeyModifiers::CONTROL,
-                                "alt"   | "Alt"   | "m" | "M" => modifiers |= KeyModifiers::ALT,
-                                "shift" | "Shift" | "s" | "S" => {
-                                    modifiers |= KeyModifiers::SHIFT;
-                                    // + TODO normalize character case, BackTab, etc.
-                                },
-                                _ => panic!("unknown modifier {token}"),
-                            }
-                        } else {
-                            key = if token.len() == 1 {
-                                Some(KeyCode::Char(token.chars().next().unwrap()))
-                            } else {
-                                Some(named_key(token).unwrap_or_else(||panic!("unknown character {token}")))
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                    Self(key, modifiers)
-                } else {
-                    return Err(format!("TuiKey: unexpected: {word}").into())
-                })
-            } else {
-                return Err(format!("TuiKey: unspecified").into())
-            }
-        }
-        pub fn to_crossterm (&self) -> Option<Event> {
-            self.0.map(|code|Event::Key(KeyEvent {
-                code,
-                modifiers: self.1,
-                kind:  KeyEventKind::Press,
-                state: KeyEventState::NONE,
-            }))
-        }
-    }
-
-    impl Out for TuiOut {
-        type Unit = u16;
-        #[inline] fn area (&self) -> XYWH<u16> { self.area }
-        #[inline] fn area_mut (&mut self) -> &mut XYWH<u16> { &mut self.area }
-        #[inline] fn place_at <'t, T: Draw<Self> + ?Sized> (&mut self, area: XYWH<u16>, content: &'t T) {
-            let last = self.area();
-            *self.area_mut() = area;
-            content.draw(self);
-            *self.area_mut() = last;
-        }
-    }
-
-    impl TuiOut {
-        #[inline] pub fn with_rect (&mut self, area: XYWH<u16>) -> &mut Self { self.area = area; self }
-        pub fn update    (&mut self, area: XYWH<u16>, callback: &impl Fn(&mut Cell, u16, u16)) { tui_update(&mut self.buffer, area, callback); }
-        pub fn fill_char (&mut self, area: XYWH<u16>, c: char) { self.update(area, &|cell,_,_|{cell.set_char(c);}) }
-        pub fn fill_bg   (&mut self, area: XYWH<u16>, color: Color) { self.update(area, &|cell,_,_|{cell.set_bg(color);}) }
-        pub fn fill_fg   (&mut self, area: XYWH<u16>, color: Color) { self.update(area, &|cell,_,_|{cell.set_fg(color);}) }
-        pub fn fill_mod  (&mut self, area: XYWH<u16>, on: bool, modifier: Modifier) {
-            if on {
-                self.update(area, &|cell,_,_|cell.modifier.insert(modifier))
-            } else {
-                self.update(area, &|cell,_,_|cell.modifier.remove(modifier))
-            }
-        }
-        pub fn fill_bold        (&mut self, area: XYWH<u16>, on: bool) { self.fill_mod(area, on, Modifier::BOLD) }
-        pub fn fill_reversed    (&mut self, area: XYWH<u16>, on: bool) { self.fill_mod(area, on, Modifier::REVERSED) }
-        pub fn fill_crossed_out (&mut self, area: XYWH<u16>, on: bool) { self.fill_mod(area, on, Modifier::CROSSED_OUT) }
-        pub fn fill_ul (&mut self, area: XYWH<u16>, color: Option<Color>) {
-            if let Some(color) = color {
-                self.update(area, &|cell,_,_|{
-                    cell.modifier.insert(ratatui::prelude::Modifier::UNDERLINED);
-                    cell.underline_color = color;
-                })
-            } else {
-                self.update(area, &|cell,_,_|{
-                    cell.modifier.remove(ratatui::prelude::Modifier::UNDERLINED);
-                })
-            }
-        }
-        pub fn tint_all (&mut self, fg: Color, bg: Color, modifier: Modifier) {
-            for cell in self.buffer.content.iter_mut() {
-                cell.fg = fg;
-                cell.bg = bg;
-                cell.modifier = modifier;
-            }
-        }
-        pub fn blit (&mut self, text: &impl AsRef<str>, x: u16, y: u16, style: Option<Style>) {
-            let text = text.as_ref();
-            let buf = &mut self.buffer;
-            let style = style.unwrap_or(Style::default());
-            if x < buf.area.width && y < buf.area.height {
-                buf.set_string(x, y, text, style);
-            }
-        }
-        /// Write a line of text
-        ///
-        /// TODO: do a paragraph (handle newlines)
-        pub fn text (&mut self, text: &impl AsRef<str>, x0: u16, y: u16, max_width: u16) {
-            let text = text.as_ref();
-            let buf  = &mut self.buffer;
-            let mut string_width: u16 = 0;
-            for character in text.chars() {
-                let x = x0 + string_width;
-                let character_width = character.width().unwrap_or(0) as u16;
-                string_width += character_width;
-                if string_width > max_width {
-                    break
-                }
-                if let Some(cell) = buf.cell_mut(ratatui::prelude::Position { x, y }) {
-                    cell.set_char(character);
-                } else {
-                    break
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    impl BigBuffer {
-        pub fn new (width: usize, height: usize) -> Self {
-            Self { width, height, content: vec![Cell::default(); width*height] }
-        }
-        pub fn get (&self, x: usize, y: usize) -> Option<&Cell> {
-            let i = self.index_of(x, y);
-            self.content.get(i)
-        }
-        pub fn get_mut (&mut self, x: usize, y: usize) -> Option<&mut Cell> {
-            let i = self.index_of(x, y);
-            self.content.get_mut(i)
-        }
-        pub fn index_of (&self, x: usize, y: usize) -> usize {
-            y * self.width + x
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn tui_setup <W: Write> (
-        backend: &mut CrosstermBackend<W>
-    ) -> Usually<()> {
-        let better_panic_handler = Settings::auto().verbosity(Verbosity::Full).create_panic_handler();
-        std::panic::set_hook(Box::new(move |info: &std::panic::PanicHookInfo|{
-            stdout().execute(LeaveAlternateScreen).unwrap();
-            CrosstermBackend::new(stdout()).show_cursor().unwrap();
-            disable_raw_mode().unwrap();
-            better_panic_handler(info);
-        }));
-        stdout().execute(EnterAlternateScreen)?;
-        backend.hide_cursor()?;
-        enable_raw_mode().map_err(Into::into)
-    }
-
-    pub fn tui_teardown <W: Write> (backend: &mut CrosstermBackend<W>) -> Usually<()> {
-        stdout().execute(LeaveAlternateScreen)?;
-        backend.show_cursor()?;
-        disable_raw_mode().map_err(Into::into)
-    }
-
-    pub fn tui_resized <W: Write> (
-        backend: &mut CrosstermBackend<W>,
-        buffer:  &mut Buffer,
-        size:    ratatui::prelude::Rect
-    ) {
-        if buffer.area != size {
-            backend.clear_region(ClearType::All).unwrap();
-            buffer.resize(size);
-            buffer.reset();
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn tui_redrawn <'b, W: Write> (
-        backend: &mut CrosstermBackend<W>,
-        mut prev_buffer: &'b mut Buffer,
-        mut next_buffer: &'b mut Buffer
-    ) {
-        let updates = prev_buffer.diff(&next_buffer);
-        backend.draw(updates.into_iter()).expect("failed to render");
-        Backend::flush(backend).expect("failed to flush output new_buffer");
-        std::mem::swap(&mut prev_buffer, &mut next_buffer);
-        next_buffer.reset();
-    }
-
-    pub fn tui_update (
-        buf: &mut Buffer, area: XYWH<u16>, callback: &impl Fn(&mut Cell, u16, u16)
-    ) {
-        for row in 0..area.h() {
-            let y = area.y() + row;
-            for col in 0..area.w() {
-                let x = area.x() + col;
-                if x < buf.area.width && y < buf.area.height {
-                    if let Some(cell) = buf.cell_mut(ratatui::prelude::Position { x, y }) {
-                        callback(cell, col, row);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Spawn the output thread.
-    pub fn tui_output <T: Draw<TuiOut> + Send + Sync + 'static> (
-        engine: Arc<RwLock<Tui>>, state: &Arc<RwLock<T>>, timer: Duration
-    ) -> Result<JoinHandle<()>, std::io::Error> {
-        let exited = engine.read().unwrap().exited.clone();
-        let engine = engine.clone();
-        let state  = state.clone();
-        let Size { width, height } = engine.read().unwrap().backend.size().expect("get size failed");
-        let mut buffer = Buffer::empty(Rect { x: 0, y: 0, width, height });
-        std::thread::Builder::new()
-            .name("tui output thread".into())
-            .spawn(move || loop {
-                if exited.fetch_and(true, Relaxed) {
-                    break
-                }
-                let t0 = engine.read().unwrap().perf.get_t0();
-                let Size { width, height } = engine.read().unwrap().backend.size()
-                    .expect("get size failed");
-                if let Ok(state) = state.try_read() {
-                    let size = Rect { x: 0, y: 0, width, height };
-                    if buffer.area != size {
-                        engine.write().unwrap().backend.clear_region(ClearType::All).expect("clear failed");
-                        buffer.resize(size);
-                        buffer.reset();
-                    }
-                    let mut output = TuiOut { buffer, area: XYWH(0, 0, width, height) };
-                    state.draw(&mut output);
-                    buffer = engine.write().unwrap().flip(output.buffer, size);
-                }
-                let t1 = (*engine.read().unwrap()).perf.get_t1(t0).unwrap();
-                buffer.set_string(0, 0, &format!("{:>3}.{:>3}ms", t1.as_millis(), t1.as_micros() % 1000), Style::default());
-                std::thread::sleep(timer);
-            })
-    }
-
-    /// Spawn the input thread.
-    pub fn tui_input <T: Handle<TuiIn> + Send + Sync + 'static> (
-        engine: Arc<RwLock<Tui>>, state: &Arc<RwLock<T>>, timer: Duration
-    ) -> JoinHandle<()> {
-        let exited = engine.read().unwrap().exited.clone();
-        let state  = state.clone();
-        spawn(move || loop {
-            if exited.fetch_and(true, Relaxed) {
-                break
-            }
-            if poll(timer).is_ok() {
-                let event = read().unwrap();
-                match event {
-                    Event::Key(KeyEvent {
-                        code:      KeyCode::Char('c'),
-                        modifiers: KeyModifiers::CONTROL,
-                        kind:      KeyEventKind::Press,
-                        state:     KeyEventState::NONE
-                    }) => {
-                        exited.store(true, Relaxed);
-                    },
-                    _ => {
-                        let exited = exited.clone();
-                        let event  = TuiEvent::from_crossterm(event);
-                        if let Err(e) = state.write().unwrap().handle(&TuiIn { exited, event }) {
-                            panic!("{e}")
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        })
-    }
-    impl<T> Phat<T> {
-        pub const LO: &'static str = "▄";
-        pub const HI: &'static str = "▀";
-        /// A phat line
-        pub fn lo (fg: Color, bg: Color) -> impl Content<TuiOut> {
-            Fixed::Y(1, Tui::fg_bg(fg, bg, Repeat::X(Self::LO)))
-        }
-        /// A phat line
-        pub fn hi (fg: Color, bg: Color) -> impl Content<TuiOut> {
-            Fixed::Y(1, Tui::fg_bg(fg, bg, Repeat::X(Self::HI)))
-        }
-    }
-    impl Scrollbar {
-        const ICON_DEC_V: &[char] = &['▲'];
-        const ICON_INC_V: &[char] = &['▼'];
-        const ICON_DEC_H: &[char] = &[' ', '🞀', ' '];
-        const ICON_INC_H: &[char] = &[' ', '🞂', ' '];
+    /// A phat line
+    pub fn hi (fg: Color, bg: Color) -> impl Content<TuiOut> {
+        Fixed::Y(1, Tui::fg_bg(fg, bg, Repeat::X(Self::HI)))
     }
+}
+impl Scrollbar {
+    const ICON_DEC_V: &[char] = &['▲'];
+    const ICON_INC_V: &[char] = &['▼'];
+    const ICON_DEC_H: &[char] = &[' ', '🞀', ' '];
+    const ICON_INC_H: &[char] = &[' ', '🞂', ' '];
+}
+impl<'a, T: AsRef<str>> TrimString<T> {
+    fn as_ref (&self) -> TrimStringRef<'_, T> { TrimStringRef(self.0, &self.1) }
+}
+impl<O: Out, T: Draw<O>> ErrorBoundary<O, T> {
+    pub fn new (content: Perhaps<T>) -> Self { Self(Default::default(), content) }
+}
+mod content {
+    use super::*;
     impl<S: BorderStyle, W: Content<TuiOut>> HasContent<TuiOut> for Bordered<S, W> {
         fn content (&self) -> impl Content<TuiOut> {
             Fill::XY(lay!( When::new(self.0, Border(self.0, self.1)), Pad::XY(1, 1, &self.2) ))
@@ -1284,6 +1347,10 @@ mod xywh {
             Min::XY(self.width, self.height, Bsp::s(top, Bsp::n(low, Fill::XY(content))))
         }
     }
+}
+
+mod layout {
+    use super::*;
     impl<T: Content<TuiOut>> Layout<TuiOut> for Modify<T> {}
     impl<T: Content<TuiOut>> Layout<TuiOut> for Styled<T> {}
     impl Layout<TuiOut> for Repeat<'_> {}
@@ -1312,6 +1379,11 @@ mod xywh {
             XYWH(to.x(), to.y(), to.w().min(self.0).min(self.1.as_ref().width() as u16), to.h())
         }
     }
+}
+
+mod draw {
+    use super::*;
+
     impl<T: Draw<TuiOut>> Draw<TuiOut> for ErrorBoundary<TuiOut, T> {
         fn draw (&self, to: &mut TuiOut) {
             match self.1.as_ref() {
@@ -1522,563 +1594,45 @@ mod xywh {
             }
         }
     }
-
-    /// TUI helper defs.
-    impl Tui {
-        pub const fn fg     <T>    (color: Color, w: T) -> Foreground<Color, T> { Foreground(color, w) }
-        pub const fn bg     <T>    (color: Color, w: T) -> Background<Color, T> { Background(color, w) }
-        pub const fn fg_bg  <T>    (fg: Color, bg: Color, w: T) -> Background<Color, Foreground<Color, T>> { Background(bg, Foreground(fg, w)) }
-        pub const fn modify <T>    (enable: bool, modifier: Modifier, w: T) -> Modify<T> { Modify(enable, modifier, w) }
-        pub const fn bold   <T>    (enable: bool, w: T) -> Modify<T> { Self::modify(enable, Modifier::BOLD, w) }
-        pub const fn border <S, T> (enable: bool, style: S, w: T) -> Bordered<S, T> { Bordered(enable, style, w) }
-
-        pub const fn null     () -> Color { Color::Reset }
-        pub const fn red      () -> Color { Color::Rgb(255,0,  0) }
-        pub const fn orange   () -> Color { Color::Rgb(255,128,0) }
-        pub const fn yellow   () -> Color { Color::Rgb(255,255,0) }
-        pub const fn brown    () -> Color { Color::Rgb(128,255,0) }
-        pub const fn green    () -> Color { Color::Rgb(0,255,0) }
-        pub const fn electric () -> Color { Color::Rgb(0,255,128) }
-        pub const fn g   (g: u8) -> Color { Color::Rgb(g, g, g) }
-        //fn bg0  () -> Color { Color::Rgb(20, 20, 20) }
-        //fn bg   () -> Color { Color::Rgb(28, 35, 25) }
-        //fn border_bg () -> Color { Color::Rgb(40, 50, 30) }
-        //fn border_fg (f: bool) -> Color { if f { Self::bo1() } else { Self::bo2() } }
-        //fn title_fg (f: bool) -> Color { if f { Self::ti1() } else { Self::ti2() } }
-        //fn separator_fg (_: bool) -> Color { Color::Rgb(0, 0, 0) }
-        //fn mode_bg () -> Color { Color::Rgb(150, 160, 90) }
-        //fn mode_fg () -> Color { Color::Rgb(255, 255, 255) }
-        //fn status_bar_bg () -> Color { Color::Rgb(28, 35, 25) }
-        //fn bo1 () -> Color { Color::Rgb(100, 110, 40) }
-        //fn bo2 () -> Color { Color::Rgb(70, 80, 50) }
-        //fn ti1 () -> Color { Color::Rgb(150, 160, 90) }
-        //fn ti2 () -> Color { Color::Rgb(120, 130, 100) }
-    }
-    pub fn named_key (token: &str) -> Option<KeyCode> {
-        use KeyCode::*;
-        Some(match token {
-            "up"                => Up,
-            "down"              => Down,
-            "left"              => Left,
-            "right"             => Right,
-            "esc"    | "escape" => Esc,
-            "enter"  | "return" => Enter,
-            "delete" | "del"    => Delete,
-            "backspace"         => Backspace,
-            "tab"               => Tab,
-            "space"             => Char(' '),
-            "comma"             => Char(','),
-            "period"            => Char('.'),
-            "plus"              => Char('+'),
-            "minus" | "dash"    => Char('-'),
-            "equal" | "equals"  => Char('='),
-            "underscore"        => Char('_'),
-            "backtick"          => Char('`'),
-            "lt"                => Char('<'),
-            "gt"                => Char('>'),
-            "cbopen"  | "openbrace"  => Char('{'),
-            "cbclose" | "closebrace" => Char('}'),
-            "bropen"  | "openbracket"  => Char('['),
-            "brclose" | "closebracket" => Char(']'),
-            "pgup" | "pageup"   => PageUp,
-            "pgdn" | "pagedown" => PageDown, 
-            "f1"                => F(1),
-            "f2"                => F(2),
-            "f3"                => F(3),
-            "f4"                => F(4),
-            "f5"                => F(5),
-            "f6"                => F(6),
-            "f7"                => F(7),
-            "f8"                => F(8),
-            "f9"                => F(9),
-            "f10"               => F(10),
-            "f11"               => F(11),
-            "f12"               => F(12),
-            _ => return None,
-        })
-    }
-    impl<O: Out, Color, Item: Layout<O>> Layout<O> for Foreground<Color, Item> {
-        fn layout (&self, to: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> XYWH<O::Unit> { self.1.layout(to) }
-    }
-    impl<O: Out, Color, Item: Layout<O>> Layout<O> for Background<Color, Item> {
-        fn layout (&self, to: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> XYWH<O::Unit> { self.1.layout(to) }
-    }
-    impl Tryptich<(), (), ()> {
-        pub fn center (h: u16) -> Self {
-            Self { h, top: false, left: (0, ()), middle: (0, ()), right: (0, ()) }
-        }
-        pub fn top (h: u16) -> Self {
-            Self { h, top: true, left: (0, ()), middle: (0, ()), right: (0, ()) }
-        }
-    }
-    impl<A, B, C> Tryptich<A, B, C> {
-        pub fn left <D> (self, w: u16, content: D) -> Tryptich<D, B, C> {
-            Tryptich { left: (w, content), ..self }
-        }
-        pub fn middle <D> (self, w: u16, content: D) -> Tryptich<A, D, C> {
-            Tryptich { middle: (w, content), ..self }
-        }
-        pub fn right <D> (self, w: u16, content: D) -> Tryptich<A, B, D> {
-            Tryptich { right: (w, content), ..self }
-        }
-    }
-    /// Should be impl something or other...
-    ///
-    /// ```
-    /// use tengri::{Namespace, Understand, TuiOut, ratatui::prelude::Color};
-    ///
-    /// struct State;
-    /// impl<'b> Namespace<'b, bool>    for State {}
-    /// impl<'b> Namespace<'b, u16>     for State {}
-    /// impl<'b> Namespace<'b, Color>   for State {}
-    /// impl     Understand<TuiOut, ()> for State {}
-    /// # fn main () -> tengri::Usually<()> {
-    /// let state = State;
-    /// let mut out = TuiOut::default();
-    /// tengri::evaluate_output_expression_tui(&state, &mut out, "")?;
-    /// tengri::evaluate_output_expression_tui(&state, &mut out, "text Hello world!")?;
-    /// tengri::evaluate_output_expression_tui(&state, &mut out, "fg (g 0) (text Hello world!)")?;
-    /// tengri::evaluate_output_expression_tui(&state, &mut out, "bg (g 2) (text Hello world!)")?;
-    /// tengri::evaluate_output_expression_tui(&state, &mut out, "(bg (g 3) (fg (g 4) (text Hello world!)))")?;
-    /// # Ok(()) }
-    /// ```
-    pub fn evaluate_output_expression_tui <'a, S> (
-        state: &S, output: &mut TuiOut, expr: impl Expression + 'a
-    ) -> Usually<bool> where
-        S: Understand<TuiOut, ()>
-            + for<'b>Namespace<'b, bool>
-            + for<'b>Namespace<'b, u16>
-            + for<'b>Namespace<'b, Color>
-    {
-        // See `tengri::evaluate_output_expression`
-        let head = expr.head()?;
-        let mut frags = head.src()?.unwrap_or_default().split("/");
-        let args  = expr.tail();
-        let arg0  = args.head();
-        let tail0 = args.tail();
-        let arg1  = tail0.head();
-        let tail1 = tail0.tail();
-        let arg2  = tail1.head();
-        match frags.next() {
-
-            Some("text") => {
-                if let Some(src) = args?.src()? { output.place(&src) }
-            },
-
-            Some("fg") => {
-                let arg0  = arg0?.expect("fg: expected arg 0 (color)");
-                let color = Namespace::namespace(state, arg0)?.unwrap_or_else(||panic!("fg: {arg0:?}: not a color"));
-                let thunk = Thunk::new(move|output: &mut TuiOut|state.understand(output, &arg1).unwrap());
-                output.place(&Tui::fg(color, thunk))
-            },
-
-            Some("bg") => {
-                //panic!("expr: {expr:?}\nhead: {head:?}\nfrags: {frags:?}\nargs: {args:?}\narg0: {arg0:?}\ntail0: {tail0:?}\narg1: {arg1:?}\ntail1: {tail1:?}\narg2: {arg2:?}");
-                //panic!("head: {head:?}\narg0: {arg0:?}\narg1: {arg1:?}\narg2: {arg2:?}");;
-                //panic!("head: {head:?}\narg0: {arg0:?}\narg1: {arg1:?}\narg2: {arg2:?}");
-                let arg0  = arg0?.expect("bg: expected arg 0 (color)");
-                let color = Namespace::namespace(state, arg0)?.unwrap_or_else(||panic!("bg: {arg0:?}: not a color"));
-                let thunk = Thunk::new(move|output: &mut TuiOut|state.understand(output, &arg1).unwrap());
-                output.place(&Tui::bg(color, thunk))
-            },
-
-            _ => return Ok(false)
-
-        };
-        Ok(true)
-    }
-
-    /// ```
-    /// let _ = tengri::button_2("", "", true);
-    /// let _ = tengri::button_2("", "", false);
-    /// ```
-    pub fn button_2 <'a> (key: impl Content<TuiOut>, label: impl Content<TuiOut>, editing: bool) -> impl Content<TuiOut> {
-        Tui::bold(true, Bsp::e(
-            Tui::fg_bg(Tui::orange(), Tui::g(0), Bsp::e(Tui::fg(Tui::g(0), &"▐"), Bsp::e(key, Tui::fg(Tui::g(96), &"▐")))),
-            When::new(!editing, Tui::fg_bg(Tui::g(255), Tui::g(96), label))))
-    }
-
-    /// ```
-    /// let _ = tengri::button_3("", "", "", true);
-    /// let _ = tengri::button_3("", "", "", false);
-    /// ```
-    pub fn button_3 <'a> (
-        key: impl Content<TuiOut>, label: impl Content<TuiOut>, value: impl Content<TuiOut>, editing: bool,
-    ) -> impl Content<TuiOut> {
-        Tui::bold(true, Bsp::e(
-            Tui::fg_bg(Tui::orange(), Tui::g(0),
-                Bsp::e(Tui::fg(Tui::g(0), &"▐"), Bsp::e(key, Tui::fg(if editing { Tui::g(128) } else { Tui::g(96) }, "▐")))),
-            Bsp::e(
-                When::new(!editing, Bsp::e(Tui::fg_bg(Tui::g(255), Tui::g(96), label), Tui::fg_bg(Tui::g(128), Tui::g(96), &"▐"),)),
-                Bsp::e(Tui::fg_bg(Tui::g(224), Tui::g(128), value), Tui::fg_bg(Tui::g(128), Reset, &"▌"), ))))
-    }
-
-    macro_rules! border {
-        ($($T:ident {
-            $nw:literal $n:literal $ne:literal $w:literal $e:literal $sw:literal $s:literal $se:literal
-            $($x:tt)*
-        }),+) => {$(
-            impl BorderStyle for $T {
-                const NW: &'static str = $nw;
-                const N:  &'static str = $n;
-                const NE: &'static str = $ne;
-                const W:  &'static str = $w;
-                const E:  &'static str = $e;
-                const SW: &'static str = $sw;
-                const S:  &'static str = $s;
-                const SE: &'static str = $se;
-                $($x)*
-                fn enabled (&self) -> bool { self.0 }
-            }
-            #[derive(Copy, Clone)] pub struct $T(pub bool, pub Style);
-            impl Layout<TuiOut> for $T {}
-            impl Draw<TuiOut> for $T {
-                fn draw (&self, to: &mut TuiOut) {
-                    if self.enabled() { let _ = BorderStyle::draw(self, to); }
-                }
-            }
-        )+}
-    }
-
-    border! {
-        Square {
-            "┌" "─" "┐"
-            "│"     "│"
-            "└" "─" "┘" fn style (&self) -> Option<Style> { Some(self.1) }
-        },
-        SquareBold {
-            "┏" "━" "┓"
-            "┃"     "┃"
-            "┗" "━" "┛" fn style (&self) -> Option<Style> { Some(self.1) }
-        },
-        TabLike {
-            "╭" "─" "╮"
-            "│"     "│"
-            "│" " " "│" fn style (&self) -> Option<Style> { Some(self.1) }
-        },
-        Lozenge {
-            "╭" "─" "╮"
-            "│"     "│"
-            "╰" "─" "╯" fn style (&self) -> Option<Style> { Some(self.1) }
-        },
-        Brace {
-            "╭" "" "╮"
-            "│"    "│"
-            "╰" "" "╯" fn style (&self) -> Option<Style> { Some(self.1) }
-        },
-        LozengeDotted {
-            "╭" "┅" "╮"
-            "┇"     "┇"
-            "╰" "┅" "╯" fn style (&self) -> Option<Style> { Some(self.1) }
-        },
-        Quarter {
-            "▎" "▔" "🮇"
-            "▎"     "🮇"
-            "▎" "▁" "🮇" fn style (&self) -> Option<Style> { Some(self.1) }
-        },
-        QuarterV {
-            "▎" "" "🮇"
-            "▎"    "🮇"
-            "▎" "" "🮇" fn style (&self) -> Option<Style> { Some(self.1) }
-        },
-        Chamfer {
-            "🭂" "▔" "🭍"
-            "▎"     "🮇"
-            "🭓" "▁" "🭞" fn style (&self) -> Option<Style> { Some(self.1) }
-        },
-        Corners {
-            "🬆" "" "🬊" // 🬴 🬸
-            ""     ""
-            "🬱" "" "🬵" fn style (&self) -> Option<Style> { Some(self.1) }
-        },
-        CornersTall {
-            "🭽" "" "🭾"
-            ""     ""
-            "🭼" "" "🭿" fn style (&self) -> Option<Style> { Some(self.1) }
-        },
-        Outer {
-            "🭽" "▔" "🭾"
-            "▏"     "▕"
-            "🭼" "▁" "🭿"
-            const W0: &'static str = "[";
-            const E0: &'static str = "]";
-            const N0: &'static str = "⎴";
-            const S0: &'static str = "⎵";
-            fn style (&self) -> Option<Style> { Some(self.1) }
-        },
-        Thick {
-            "▄" "▄" "▄"
-            "█"     "█"
-            "▀" "▀" "▀"
-            fn style (&self) -> Option<Style> { Some(self.1) }
-        },
-        Rugged {
-            "▄" "▂" "▄"
-            "▐"     "▌"
-            "▀" "🮂" "▀"
-            fn style (&self) -> Option<Style> { Some(self.1) }
-        },
-        Skinny {
-            "▗" "▄" "▖"
-            "▐"     "▌"
-            "▝" "▀" "▘"
-            fn style (&self) -> Option<Style> { Some(self.1) }
-        },
-        Brackets {
-            "⎡" "" "⎤"
-            ""     ""
-            "⎣" "" "⎦"
-            const W0: &'static str = "[";
-            const E0: &'static str = "]";
-            const N0: &'static str = "⎴";
-            const S0: &'static str = "⎵";
-            fn style (&self) -> Option<Style> { Some(self.1) }
-        },
-        Reticle {
-            "⎡" "" "⎤"
-            ""     ""
-            "⎣" "" "⎦"
-            const W0: &'static str = "╟";
-            const E0: &'static str = "╢";
-            const N0: &'static str = "┯";
-            const S0: &'static str = "┷";
-            fn style (&self) -> Option<Style> { Some(self.1) }
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn okhsl_to_rgb (color: Okhsl<f32>) -> Color {
-        let Srgb { red, green, blue, .. }: Srgb<f32> = Srgb::from_color_unclamped(color);
-        Color::Rgb((red   * 255.0) as u8, (green * 255.0) as u8, (blue  * 255.0) as u8,)
-    }
-
-    pub fn rgb_to_okhsl (color: Color) -> Okhsl<f32> {
-        if let Color::Rgb(r, g, b) = color {
-            Okhsl::from_color(Srgb::new(r as f32 / 255.0, g as f32 / 255.0, b as f32 / 255.0))
-        } else {
-            unreachable!("only Color::Rgb is supported")
-        }
-    }
-
-    // A single color within item theme parameters, in OKHSL and RGB representations.
-    impl ItemColor {
-        #[cfg(feature = "tui")] pub const fn from_tui (rgb: Color) -> Self {
-            Self { rgb, okhsl: Okhsl::new_const(OklabHue::new(0.0), 0.0, 0.0) }
-        }
-        pub fn random () -> Self {
-            let mut rng = ::rand::thread_rng();
-            let lo = Okhsl::new(-180.0, 0.01, 0.25);
-            let hi = Okhsl::new( 180.0, 0.9,  0.5);
-            UniformOkhsl::new(lo, hi).sample(&mut rng).into()
-        }
-        pub fn random_dark () -> Self {
-            let mut rng = ::rand::thread_rng();
-            let lo = Okhsl::new(-180.0, 0.025, 0.075);
-            let hi = Okhsl::new( 180.0, 0.5,   0.150);
-            UniformOkhsl::new(lo, hi).sample(&mut rng).into()
-        }
-        pub fn random_near (color: Self, distance: f32) -> Self {
-            color.mix(Self::random(), distance)
-        }
-        pub fn mix (&self, other: Self, distance: f32) -> Self {
-            if distance > 1.0 { panic!("color mixing takes distance between 0.0 and 1.0"); }
-            self.okhsl.mix(other.okhsl, distance).into()
-        }
-    }
-
-    impl ItemTheme {
-        #[cfg(feature = "tui")] pub const G: [Self;256] = {
-            let mut builder = konst::array::ArrayBuilder::new();
-            while !builder.is_full() {
-                let index    = builder.len() as u8;
-                let light    = (index as f64 * 1.15) as u8;
-                let lighter  = (index as f64 * 1.7) as u8;
-                let lightest = (index as f64 * 1.85) as u8;
-                let dark     = (index as f64 * 0.9) as u8;
-                let darker   = (index as f64 * 0.6) as u8;
-                let darkest  = (index as f64 * 0.3) as u8;
-                builder.push(ItemTheme {
-                    base:     ItemColor::from_tui(Color::Rgb(index,    index,    index     )),
-                    light:    ItemColor::from_tui(Color::Rgb(light,    light,    light,    )),
-                    lighter:  ItemColor::from_tui(Color::Rgb(lighter,  lighter,  lighter,  )),
-                    lightest: ItemColor::from_tui(Color::Rgb(lightest, lightest, lightest, )),
-                    dark:     ItemColor::from_tui(Color::Rgb(dark,     dark,     dark,     )),
-                    darker:   ItemColor::from_tui(Color::Rgb(darker,   darker,   darker,   )),
-                    darkest:  ItemColor::from_tui(Color::Rgb(darkest,  darkest,  darkest,  )),
-                });
-            }
-            builder.build()
-        };
-        pub fn random () -> Self { ItemColor::random().into() }
-        pub fn random_near (color: Self, distance: f32) -> Self {
-            color.base.mix(ItemColor::random(), distance).into()
-        }
-        pub const G00: Self = {
-            let color: ItemColor = ItemColor {
-                okhsl: Okhsl { hue: OklabHue::new(0.0), lightness: 0.0, saturation: 0.0 },
-                rgb: Color::Rgb(0, 0, 0)
-            };
-            Self {
-                base:     color,
-                light:    color,
-                lighter:  color,
-                lightest: color,
-                dark:     color,
-                darker:   color,
-                darkest:  color,
-            }
-        };
-        #[cfg(feature = "tui")] pub fn from_tui_color (base: Color) -> Self {
-            Self::from_item_color(ItemColor::from_tui(base))
-        }
-        pub fn from_item_color (base: ItemColor) -> Self {
-            let mut light      = base.okhsl;
-            light.lightness    = (light.lightness    * 1.3).min(1.0);
-            let mut lighter    = light;
-            lighter.lightness  = (lighter.lightness  * 1.3).min(1.0);
-            let mut lightest   = base.okhsl;
-            lightest.lightness = 0.95;
-            let mut dark       = base.okhsl;
-            dark.lightness     = (dark.lightness     * 0.75).max(0.0);
-            dark.saturation    = (dark.saturation    * 0.75).max(0.0);
-            let mut darker     = dark;
-            darker.lightness   = (darker.lightness   * 0.66).max(0.0);
-            darker.saturation  = (darker.saturation  * 0.66).max(0.0);
-            let mut darkest    = darker;
-            darkest.lightness  = 0.1;
-            darkest.saturation = (darkest.saturation * 0.50).max(0.0);
-            Self {
-                base,
-                light:    light.into(),
-                lighter:  lighter.into(),
-                lightest: lightest.into(),
-                dark:     dark.into(),
-                darker:   darker.into(),
-                darkest:  darkest.into(),
-            }
-        }
-    }
 }
 
-#[cfg(feature = "jack")] mod jack {
-    use crate::*;
-    use ::jack::*;
-    use JackState::*;
+/// TUI helper defs.
+impl Tui {
+    pub const fn fg     <T>    (color: Color, w: T) -> Foreground<Color, T> { Foreground(color, w) }
+    pub const fn bg     <T>    (color: Color, w: T) -> Background<Color, T> { Background(color, w) }
+    pub const fn fg_bg  <T>    (fg: Color, bg: Color, w: T) -> Background<Color, Foreground<Color, T>> { Background(bg, Foreground(fg, w)) }
+    pub const fn modify <T>    (enable: bool, modifier: Modifier, w: T) -> Modify<T> { Modify(enable, modifier, w) }
+    pub const fn bold   <T>    (enable: bool, w: T) -> Modify<T> { Self::modify(enable, Modifier::BOLD, w) }
+    pub const fn border <S, T> (enable: bool, style: S, w: T) -> Bordered<S, T> { Bordered(enable, style, w) }
 
-    impl<'j> HasJack<'j> for Jack<'j> { fn jack (&self) -> &Jack<'j> { self } }
-    impl<'j> HasJack<'j> for &Jack<'j> { fn jack (&self) -> &Jack<'j> { self } }
-    /// Implement [Jack] constructor and methods
-    impl<'j> Jack<'j> {
-        /// Register new [Client] and wrap it for shared use.
-        pub fn new_run <T: HasJack<'j> + Audio + Send + Sync + 'static> (
-            name: &impl AsRef<str>,
-            init: impl FnOnce(Jack<'j>)->Usually<T>
-        ) -> Usually<Arc<RwLock<T>>> {
-            Jack::new(name)?.run(init)
-        }
-
-        pub fn new (name: &impl AsRef<str>) -> Usually<Self> {
-            let client = Client::new(name.as_ref(), ClientOptions::NO_START_SERVER)?.0;
-            Ok(Jack(Arc::new(RwLock::new(JackState::Inactive(client)))))
-        }
-
-        pub fn run <T: HasJack<'j> + Audio + Send + Sync + 'static>
-            (self, init: impl FnOnce(Self)->Usually<T>) -> Usually<Arc<RwLock<T>>>
-        {
-            let client_state = self.0.clone();
-            let app: Arc<RwLock<T>> = Arc::new(RwLock::new(init(self)?));
-            let mut state = Activating;
-            std::mem::swap(&mut*client_state.write().unwrap(), &mut state);
-            if let Inactive(client) = state {
-                // This is the misc notifications handler. It's a struct that wraps a [Box]
-                // which performs type erasure on a callback that takes [JackEvent], which is
-                // one of the available misc notifications.
-                let notify = JackNotify(Box::new({
-                    let app = app.clone();
-                    move|event|(&mut*app.write().unwrap()).handle(event)
-                }) as BoxedJackEventHandler);
-                // This is the main processing handler. It's a struct that wraps a [Box]
-                // which performs type erasure on a callback that takes [Client] and [ProcessScope]
-                // and passes them down to the `app`'s `process` callback, which in turn
-                // implements audio and MIDI input and output on a realtime basis.
-                let process = ::jack::contrib::ClosureProcessHandler::new(Box::new({
-                    let app = app.clone();
-                    move|c: &_, s: &_|if let Ok(mut app) = app.write() {
-                        app.process(c, s)
-                    } else {
-                        Control::Quit
-                    }
-                }) as BoxedAudioHandler);
-                // Launch a client with the two handlers.
-                *client_state.write().unwrap() = Active(
-                    client.activate_async(notify, process)?
-                );
-            } else {
-                unreachable!();
-            }
-            Ok(app)
-        }
-
-        /// Run something with the client.
-        pub fn with_client <T> (&self, op: impl FnOnce(&Client)->T) -> T {
-            match &*self.0.read().unwrap() {
-                Inert            => panic!("jack client not activated"),
-                Inactive(client) => op(client),
-                Activating       => panic!("jack client has not finished activation"),
-                Active(client)   => op(client.as_client()),
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    impl<T: Fn(JackEvent) + Send> NotificationHandler for JackNotify<T> {
-        fn thread_init(&self, _: &Client) {
-            self.0(JackEvent::ThreadInit);
-        }
-        unsafe fn shutdown(&mut self, status: ClientStatus, reason: &str) {
-            self.0(JackEvent::Shutdown(status, reason.into()));
-        }
-        fn freewheel(&mut self, _: &Client, enabled: bool) {
-            self.0(JackEvent::Freewheel(enabled));
-        }
-        fn sample_rate(&mut self, _: &Client, frames: Frames) -> Control {
-            self.0(JackEvent::SampleRate(frames));
-            Control::Quit
-        }
-        fn client_registration(&mut self, _: &Client, name: &str, reg: bool) {
-            self.0(JackEvent::ClientRegistration(name.into(), reg));
-        }
-        fn port_registration(&mut self, _: &Client, id: PortId, reg: bool) {
-            self.0(JackEvent::PortRegistration(id, reg));
-        }
-        fn port_rename(&mut self, _: &Client, id: PortId, old: &str, new: &str) -> Control {
-            self.0(JackEvent::PortRename(id, old.into(), new.into()));
-            Control::Continue
-        }
-        fn ports_connected(&mut self, _: &Client, a: PortId, b: PortId, are: bool) {
-            self.0(JackEvent::PortsConnected(a, b, are));
-        }
-        fn graph_reorder(&mut self, _: &Client) -> Control {
-            self.0(JackEvent::GraphReorder);
-            Control::Continue
-        }
-        fn xrun(&mut self, _: &Client) -> Control {
-            self.0(JackEvent::XRun);
-            Control::Continue
-        }
-    }
-
-    impl JackPerfModel for PerfModel {
-        fn update_from_jack_scope (&self, t0: Option<u64>, scope: &ProcessScope) {
-            if let Some(t0) = t0 {
-                let t1 = self.clock.raw();
-                self.used.store(
-                    self.clock.delta_as_nanos(t0, t1) as f64,
-                    Relaxed,
-                );
-                self.window.store(
-                    scope.cycle_times().unwrap().period_usecs as f64,
-                    Relaxed,
-                );
-            }
-        }
-    }
+    pub const fn null     () -> Color { Color::Reset }
+    pub const fn red      () -> Color { Color::Rgb(255,0,  0) }
+    pub const fn orange   () -> Color { Color::Rgb(255,128,0) }
+    pub const fn yellow   () -> Color { Color::Rgb(255,255,0) }
+    pub const fn brown    () -> Color { Color::Rgb(128,255,0) }
+    pub const fn green    () -> Color { Color::Rgb(0,255,0) }
+    pub const fn electric () -> Color { Color::Rgb(0,255,128) }
+    pub const fn g   (g: u8) -> Color { Color::Rgb(g, g, g) }
+    //fn bg0  () -> Color { Color::Rgb(20, 20, 20) }
+    //fn bg   () -> Color { Color::Rgb(28, 35, 25) }
+    //fn border_bg () -> Color { Color::Rgb(40, 50, 30) }
+    //fn border_fg (f: bool) -> Color { if f { Self::bo1() } else { Self::bo2() } }
+    //fn title_fg (f: bool) -> Color { if f { Self::ti1() } else { Self::ti2() } }
+    //fn separator_fg (_: bool) -> Color { Color::Rgb(0, 0, 0) }
+    //fn mode_bg () -> Color { Color::Rgb(150, 160, 90) }
+    //fn mode_fg () -> Color { Color::Rgb(255, 255, 255) }
+    //fn status_bar_bg () -> Color { Color::Rgb(28, 35, 25) }
+    //fn bo1 () -> Color { Color::Rgb(100, 110, 40) }
+    //fn bo2 () -> Color { Color::Rgb(70, 80, 50) }
+    //fn ti1 () -> Color { Color::Rgb(150, 160, 90) }
+    //fn ti2 () -> Color { Color::Rgb(120, 130, 100) }
 }
+
+from!(BigBuffer: |size:(usize, usize)| Self::new(size.0, size.1));
+from!(ItemTheme: |base: Color|         Self::from_tui_color(base));
+from!(ItemTheme: |base: ItemColor|     Self::from_item_color(base));
+from!(ItemColor: |okhsl: Okhsl<f32>|   Self { okhsl, rgb: okhsl_to_rgb(okhsl) });
+from!(ItemColor: |rgb: Color|          Self { rgb, okhsl: rgb_to_okhsl(rgb) });
+impl_debug!(BigBuffer |self, f| {
+    write!(f, "[BB {}x{} ({})]", self.width, self.height, self.content.len())
+});
diff --git a/src/tengri_struct.rs b/src/tengri_struct.rs
index 5460d64..234cded 100644
--- a/src/tengri_struct.rs
+++ b/src/tengri_struct.rs
@@ -181,14 +181,14 @@ pub use self::spatial::*; mod spatial {
     /// Set the maximum width and/or height of the content.
     ///
     /// ```
-    /// let maximum = tengri::Max::XY(3, 5, "Hello"); // 3x1
+    /// let maximum = tengri::Min::XY(3, 5, "Hello"); // 3x1
     /// ```
     pub enum Max<U, A> { X(U, A), Y(U, A), XY(U, U, A), }
 
     /// Set the minimum width and/or height of the content.
     ///
     /// ```
-    /// let minimum = tengri::Min::XY(3, 5, "Hello"); // 5x5
+    /// let minimam = tengri::Min::XY(3, 5, "Hello"); // 5x5
     /// ```
     pub enum Min<U, A> { X(U, A), Y(U, A), XY(U, U, A), }
 
@@ -269,10 +269,11 @@ pub use self::spatial::*; mod spatial {
 
         pub __: PhantomData<(O, B)>,
     }
+
     /// A color in OKHSL and RGB representations.
     #[derive(Debug, Default, Copy, Clone, PartialEq)] pub struct ItemColor {
         pub okhsl: Okhsl<f32>,
-        #[cfg(feature = "tui")] pub rgb:   Color,
+        pub rgb:   Color,
     }
     /// A color in OKHSL and RGB with lighter and darker variants.
     #[derive(Debug, Default, Copy, Clone, PartialEq)] pub struct ItemTheme {
@@ -284,26 +285,9 @@ pub use self::spatial::*; mod spatial {
         pub darker:   ItemColor,
         pub darkest:  ItemColor,
     }
-    // TODO DOCUMENTME
-    pub struct FieldH<Theme, Label, Value>(pub Theme, pub Label, pub Value);
-    // TODO DOCUMENTME
-    pub struct FieldV<Theme, Label, Value>(pub Theme, pub Label, pub Value);
-    // TODO:
-    pub struct Field<C, T, U> {
-        pub direction:   Direction,
-        pub label:       Option<T>,
-        pub label_fg:    Option<C>,
-        pub label_bg:    Option<C>,
-        pub label_align: Option<Direction>,
-        pub value:       Option<U>,
-        pub value_fg:    Option<C>,
-        pub value_bg:    Option<C>,
-        pub value_align: Option<Direction>,
-    }
 }
 
-#[cfg(feature = "tui")] pub use self::terminal::*;
-#[cfg(feature = "tui")] mod terminal {
+pub use self::terminal::*; mod terminal {
     use crate::*;
 
     /// The TUI engine.
@@ -370,6 +354,16 @@ pub use self::spatial::*; mod spatial {
 
     pub struct Styled<T>(pub Option<Style>, pub T);
 
+    /// Displays an owned [str]-like with fixed maximum width.
+    ///
+    /// Width is computed using [unicode_width].
+    pub struct TrimString<T: AsRef<str>>(pub u16, pub T);
+
+    /// Displays a borrowed [str]-like with fixed maximum width
+    ///
+    /// Width is computed using [unicode_width].
+    pub struct TrimStringRef<'a, T: AsRef<str>>(pub u16, pub &'a T);
+
     /// A cell that takes up 3 rows on its own,
     /// but stacks, giving (N+1)*2 rows per N cells.
     pub struct Phat<T> {
@@ -388,6 +382,25 @@ pub use self::spatial::*; mod spatial {
         pub right:  (u16, C),
     }
 
+    // TODO:
+    pub struct Field<C, T, U> {
+        pub direction:   Direction,
+        pub label:       Option<T>,
+        pub label_fg:    Option<C>,
+        pub label_bg:    Option<C>,
+        pub label_align: Option<Direction>,
+        pub value:       Option<U>,
+        pub value_fg:    Option<C>,
+        pub value_bg:    Option<C>,
+        pub value_align: Option<Direction>,
+    }
+
+    // TODO DOCUMENTME
+    pub struct FieldH<Theme, Label, Value>(pub Theme, pub Label, pub Value);
+
+    // TODO DOCUMENTME
+    pub struct FieldV<Theme, Label, Value>(pub Theme, pub Label, pub Value);
+
     /// Repeat a string, e.g. for background
     pub enum Repeat<'a> {
         X(&'a str),
@@ -403,99 +416,3 @@ pub use self::spatial::*; mod spatial {
         Y { offset: usize, length: usize, total: usize, }
     }
 }
-
-pub use self::textual::*;
-mod textual {
-    /// Displays an owned [str]-like with fixed maximum width.
-    ///
-    /// Width is computed using [unicode_width].
-    pub struct TrimString<T: AsRef<str>>(pub u16, pub T);
-    /// Displays a borrowed [str]-like with fixed maximum width
-    ///
-    /// Width is computed using [unicode_width].
-    pub struct TrimStringRef<'a, T: AsRef<str>>(pub u16, pub &'a T);
-}
-
-#[cfg(feature = "jack")] pub use self::aural::*;
-#[cfg(feature = "jack")] mod aural {
-    use crate::*;
-    use ::jack::*;
-
-    /// Wraps [JackState], and through it [jack::Client] when connected.
-    ///
-    /// ```
-    /// let jack = tengri::Jack::default();
-    /// ```
-    #[derive(Clone, Debug, Default)] pub struct Jack<'j> (
-        pub(crate) Arc<RwLock<JackState<'j>>>
-    );
-
-    /// This is a connection which may be [Inactive], [Activating], or [Active].
-    /// In the [Active] and [Inactive] states, [JackState::client] returns a
-    /// [jack::Client], which you can use to talk to the JACK API.
-    ///
-    /// ```
-    /// let state = tengri::JackState::default();
-    /// ```
-    #[derive(Debug, Default)] pub enum JackState<'j> {
-        /// Unused
-        #[default] Inert,
-        /// Before activation.
-        Inactive(Client),
-        /// During activation.
-        Activating,
-        /// After activation. Must not be dropped for JACK thread to persist.
-        Active(DynamicAsyncClient<'j>),
-    }
-
-    /// Event enum for JACK events.
-    ///
-    /// ```
-    /// let event = tengri::JackEvent::XRun;
-    /// ```
-    #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)] pub enum JackEvent {
-        ThreadInit,
-        Shutdown(ClientStatus, Arc<str>),
-        Freewheel(bool),
-        SampleRate(Frames),
-        ClientRegistration(Arc<str>, bool),
-        PortRegistration(PortId, bool),
-        PortRename(PortId, Arc<str>, Arc<str>),
-        PortsConnected(PortId, PortId, bool),
-        GraphReorder,
-        XRun,
-    }
-
-    /// Generic notification handler that emits [JackEvent]
-    ///
-    /// ```
-    /// let notify = tengri::JackNotify(|_|{});
-    /// ```
-    pub struct JackNotify<T: Fn(JackEvent) + Send>(pub T);
-
-    /// Running JACK [AsyncClient] with maximum type erasure.
-    ///
-    /// One [Box] contains function that handles [JackEvent]s.
-    ///
-    /// Another [Box] containing a function that handles realtime IO.
-    ///
-    /// That's all it knows about them.
-    pub type DynamicAsyncClient<'j>
-        = AsyncClient<DynamicNotifications<'j>, DynamicAudioHandler<'j>>;
-
-    /// Notification handler wrapper for [BoxedAudioHandler].
-    pub type DynamicAudioHandler<'j> =
-        ::jack::contrib::ClosureProcessHandler<(), BoxedAudioHandler<'j>>;
-
-    /// Boxed realtime callback.
-    pub type BoxedAudioHandler<'j> =
-        Box<dyn FnMut(&Client, &ProcessScope) -> Control + Send + Sync + 'j>;
-
-    /// Notification handler wrapper for [BoxedJackEventHandler].
-    pub type DynamicNotifications<'j> =
-        JackNotify<BoxedJackEventHandler<'j>>;
-
-    /// Boxed [JackEvent] callback.
-    pub type BoxedJackEventHandler<'j> =
-        Box<dyn Fn(JackEvent) + Send + Sync + 'j>;
-}
diff --git a/src/tengri_trait.rs b/src/tengri_trait.rs
index f5e80f0..ef9d23a 100644
--- a/src/tengri_trait.rs
+++ b/src/tengri_trait.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
-pub use self::input::*; mod input {
+use crate::*;
+
+pub use self::input::*;
+mod input {
     use crate::*;
 
     /// Something that will exit and not resume, e.g. the main input loop.
@@ -107,9 +110,11 @@ pub use self::input::*; mod input {
     });
 }
 
-pub use self::output::*; mod output {
+pub use self::output::*;
+mod output {
     use crate::*;
-    /// Output target.
+
+    /// Drawing target.
     ///
     /// ```
     /// use tengri::*;
@@ -146,6 +151,7 @@ pub use self::output::*; mod output {
             self.place_at(content.layout(self.area()), content)
         }
     }
+
     /// A numeric type that can be used as coordinate.
     ///
     /// FIXME: Replace this ad-hoc trait with `num` crate.
@@ -171,10 +177,15 @@ pub use self::output::*; mod output {
             0.into()
         }
     }
+
     /// Drawable with dynamic dispatch.
-    pub trait Draw<O: Out> { fn draw (&self, to: &mut O); }
+    pub trait Draw<O: Out> {
+        fn draw (&self, to: &mut O);
+    }
+
     /// Outputs combinator.
     pub trait Lay<O: Out>: Sized {}
+
     /// Drawable area of display.
     pub trait Layout<O: Out> {
         fn layout_x      (&self, to: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { to.x() }
@@ -189,22 +200,28 @@ pub use self::output::*; mod output {
             XYWH(self.layout_x(to), self.layout_y(to), self.layout_w(to), self.layout_h(to))
         }
     }
+
+    pub trait HasContent<O: Out> {
+        fn content (&self) -> impl Content<O>;
+    }
+
     // TODO DOCUMENTME
     pub trait Content<O: Out>: Draw<O> + Layout<O> {}
-    // TODO DOCUMENTME
-    pub trait HasContent<O: Out> { fn content (&self) -> impl Content<O>; }
+
     // Something that has an origin point (X, Y).
     pub trait HasXY<N: Coord> {
         fn x  (&self) -> N;
         fn y  (&self) -> N;
         fn xy (&self) -> XY<N> { XY(self.x(), self.y()) }
     }
+
     // Something that has a size (W, H).
     pub trait HasWH<N: Coord> {
         fn w  (&self) -> N;
         fn h  (&self) -> N;
         fn wh (&self) -> WH<N> { WH(self.w(), self.h()) }
     }
+
     // Something that has a 2D bounding box (X, Y, W, H).
     //
     // FIXME: The other way around?
@@ -220,8 +237,7 @@ pub use self::output::*; mod output {
             }
         }
     }
-    pub trait HasPerf  { fn perf (&self) -> &PerfModel; }
-    pub trait HasColor { fn color (&self) -> ItemColor; }
+
     // Something that has a [Measure] of its rendered size.
     pub trait Measured<O: Out> {
         fn measure        (&self) -> &Measure<O>;
@@ -229,17 +245,12 @@ pub use self::output::*; mod output {
         fn measure_height (&self) -> O::Unit { self.measure().h() }
     }
 
-}
+    pub trait HasPerf {
+        fn perf (&self) -> &PerfModel;
+    }
+
+    pub trait HasColor { fn color (&self) -> ItemColor; }
 
-#[cfg(feature = "tui")] pub use self::tui::*;
-#[cfg(feature = "tui")] mod tui {
-    use crate::*;
-    use ratatui::prelude::*;
-    pub trait TuiDraw    = Draw<TuiOut>;
-    pub trait TuiLayout  = crate::Layout<TuiOut>;
-    pub trait TuiContent = Content<TuiOut>;
-    pub trait TuiHandle  = Handle<TuiIn>;
-    pub trait TuiWidget  = TuiDraw + TuiHandle;
     pub trait BorderStyle: Content<TuiOut> + Copy {
         fn enabled (&self) -> bool;
         fn enclose (self, w: impl Content<TuiOut>) -> impl Content<TuiOut> {
@@ -335,121 +346,12 @@ pub use self::output::*; mod output {
     }
 }
 
-#[cfg(feature = "jack")] pub use self::jack::*;
-#[cfg(feature = "jack")] mod jack {
+pub use self::tui::*;
+mod tui {
     use crate::*;
-    use ::jack::{*, contrib::{*, Position}};
-
-    /// Things that can provide a [jack::Client] reference.
-    ///
-    /// ```
-    /// use tengri::{Jack, HasJack};
-    ///
-    /// let jack: &Jack = Jacked::default().jack();
-    ///
-    /// #[derive(Default)] struct Jacked<'j>(Jack<'j>);
-    ///
-    /// impl<'j> HasJack<'j> for Jacked<'j> {
-    ///     fn jack (&self) -> &Jack<'j> { &self.0 }
-    /// }
-    /// ```
-    pub trait HasJack<'j>: Send + Sync {
-
-        /// Return the internal [jack::Client] handle
-        /// that lets you call the JACK API.
-        fn jack (&self) -> &Jack<'j>;
-
-        fn with_client <T> (&self, op: impl FnOnce(&Client)->T) -> T {
-            self.jack().with_client(op)
-        }
-
-        fn port_by_name (&self, name: &str) -> Option<Port<Unowned>> {
-            self.with_client(|client|client.port_by_name(name))
-        }
-
-        fn port_by_id (&self, id: u32) -> Option<Port<Unowned>> {
-            self.with_client(|c|c.port_by_id(id))
-        }
-
-        fn register_port <PS: PortSpec + Default> (&self, name: impl AsRef<str>) -> Usually<Port<PS>> {
-            self.with_client(|client|Ok(client.register_port(name.as_ref(), PS::default())?))
-        }
-
-        fn sync_lead (&self, enable: bool, callback: impl Fn(TimebaseInfo)->Position) -> Usually<()> {
-            if enable {
-                self.with_client(|client|match client.register_timebase_callback(false, callback) {
-                   Ok(_) => Ok(()),
-                    Err(e) => Err(e)
-                })?
-            }
-            Ok(())
-        }
-
-        fn sync_follow (&self, _enable: bool) -> Usually<()> {
-            // TODO: sync follow
-            Ok(())
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Trait for thing that has a JACK process callback.
-    pub trait Audio {
-
-        /// Handle a JACK event.
-        fn handle (&mut self, _event: JackEvent) {}
-
-        /// Projecss a JACK chunk.
-        fn process (&mut self, _: &Client, _: &ProcessScope) -> Control {
-            Control::Continue
-        }
-
-        /// The JACK process callback function passed to the server.
-        fn callback (
-            state: &Arc<RwLock<Self>>, client: &Client, scope: &ProcessScope
-        ) -> Control where Self: Sized {
-            if let Ok(mut state) = state.write() {
-                state.process(client, scope)
-            } else {
-                Control::Quit
-            }
-        }
-
-    }
-
-    /// Implement [Audio]: provide JACK callbacks.
-    #[macro_export] macro_rules! impl_audio {
-
-        (|
-            $self1:ident:
-            $Struct:ident$(<$($L:lifetime),*$($T:ident$(:$U:path)?),*>)?,$c:ident,$s:ident
-        |$cb:expr$(;|$self2:ident,$e:ident|$cb2:expr)?) => {
-            impl $(<$($L),*$($T $(: $U)?),*>)? Audio for $Struct $(<$($L),*$($T),*>)? {
-                #[inline] fn process (&mut $self1, $c: &Client, $s: &ProcessScope) -> Control { $cb }
-                $(#[inline] fn handle (&mut $self2, $e: JackEvent) { $cb2 })?
-            }
-        };
-
-        ($Struct:ident: $process:ident, $handle:ident) => {
-            impl Audio for $Struct {
-                #[inline] fn process (&mut self, c: &Client, s: &ProcessScope) -> Control {
-                    $process(self, c, s)
-                }
-                #[inline] fn handle (&mut self, e: JackEvent) {
-                    $handle(self, e)
-                }
-            }
-        };
-
-        ($Struct:ident: $process:ident) => {
-            impl Audio for $Struct {
-                #[inline] fn process (&mut self, c: &Client, s: &ProcessScope) -> Control {
-                    $process(self, c, s)
-                }
-            }
-        };
-
-    }
-
-    pub trait JackPerfModel {
-        fn update_from_jack_scope (&self, t0: Option<u64>, scope: &ProcessScope);
-    }
+    pub trait TuiDraw    = Draw<TuiOut>;
+    pub trait TuiLayout  = Layout<TuiOut>;
+    pub trait TuiContent = Content<TuiOut>;
+    pub trait TuiHandle  = Handle<TuiIn>;
+    pub trait TuiWidget  = TuiDraw + TuiHandle;
 }