diff --git a/dsl/src/dsl.rs b/dsl/src/dsl.rs
index e9d108b..cb2ee5c 100644
--- a/dsl/src/dsl.rs
+++ b/dsl/src/dsl.rs
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ pub const fn peek_tail (src: &str) -> DslPerhaps<&str> {
         Ok(None) => Ok(None),
         Ok(Some((start, length))) => {
             let tail = str_range(src, start + length, src.len());
-            for_each!((i, c) in char_indices(tail) => if !is_space(c) { return Ok(Some(tail)) });
+            for_each!((_i, c) in char_indices(tail) => if !is_space(c) { return Ok(Some(tail)) });
             Ok(None)
         },
     }
diff --git a/dsl/src/dsl_conv.rs b/dsl/src/dsl_conv.rs
index ae214dd..033e6eb 100644
--- a/dsl/src/dsl_conv.rs
+++ b/dsl/src/dsl_conv.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,43 @@
 use crate::*;
 
+/// Namespace. Currently linearly searched.
+pub struct DslNs<'t, T: 't>(pub &'t [(&'t str, T)]);
+
+/// Namespace where keys are symbols.
+pub trait DslSymNs<'t, T: 't>: 't {
+    const SYMS: DslNs<'t, fn (&'t Self)->T>;
+    fn from_sym <D: Dsl> (&'t self, dsl: D) -> Usually<T> {
+        if let Some(dsl) = dsl.sym()? {
+            for (sym, get) in Self::SYMS.0 {
+                if dsl == *sym {
+                    return Ok(get(self))
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return Err(format!("not found: sym: {dsl:?}").into())
+    }
+}
+
+#[macro_export] macro_rules! dsl_sym (
+    (|$state:ident:$State:ty| -> $type:ty {$($lit:literal => $exp:expr),* $(,)?})=>{
+        impl<'t> DslSymNs<'t, $type> for $State {
+            const SYMS: DslNs<'t, fn (&'t $State)->$type> =
+                DslNs(&[$(($lit, |$state: &$State|$exp)),*]); } });
+
+pub trait DslExpNs<'t, T: 't>: 't {
+    const EXPS: DslNs<'t, fn (&'t Self, &str)->T>;
+}
+
+#[macro_export] macro_rules! dsl_exp (
+    (|$state:ident:$State:ty|->$type:ty { $(
+        [$key:literal $(/ $sub:ident: $Sub:ty)? $(, $arg:ident $(?)? :$argtype:ty)*] => $body:expr
+    ),* $(,)? }) => {
+        impl<'t> DslExpNs<'t, $type> for $State {
+            const EXPS: DslNs<'t, fn (&'t $State, &str)->$type> =
+                DslNs(&[]); } });
+
+// TODO DEPRECATE:
+
 /// `T` + [Dsl] -> `Self`.
 pub trait FromDsl<T>: Sized {
     fn from_dsl (state: &T, dsl: &impl Dsl) -> Perhaps<Self>;
diff --git a/input/src/input_dsl.rs b/input/src/input_dsl.rs
index cc54282..f4cd98f 100644
--- a/input/src/input_dsl.rs
+++ b/input/src/input_dsl.rs
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ impl<E: Clone + Ord, C> EventMap<E, C> {
     /// Create event map from path to text file.
     pub fn load_from_path <'s> (
         &'s mut self, path: impl AsRef<Path>
-    ) -> Usually<&mut Self> where Self: DslInto<C> + DslInto<E> {
+    ) -> Usually<&'s mut Self> where Self: DslInto<C> + DslInto<E> {
         if exists(path.as_ref())? {
             let source = read_to_string(&path)?;
             let path: Arc<PathBuf> = Arc::new(path.as_ref().into());
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ impl<E: Clone + Ord, C> EventMap<E, C> {
     /// Load one event binding into the event map.
     pub fn load_from_source_one <'s> (
         &'s mut self, dsl: impl Dsl, path: &Option<&Arc<PathBuf>>
-    ) -> Usually<&mut Self> where Self: DslInto<C> + DslInto<E> {
+    ) -> Usually<&'s mut Self> where Self: DslInto<C> + DslInto<E> {
         if let Some(exp)  = dsl.head()?.exp()?
         && let Some(sym)  = exp.head()?.sym()?
         && let Some(tail) = exp.tail()?
@@ -117,10 +117,10 @@ impl<E: Clone + Ord, C> EventMap<E, C> {
 }
 impl<C> Binding<C> {
     pub fn from_dsl (dsl: impl Dsl) -> Usually<Self> {
-        let mut command:     Option<C>            = None;
-        let mut condition:   Option<Condition>    = None;
-        let mut description: Option<Arc<str>>     = None;
-        let mut source:      Option<Arc<PathBuf>> = None;
+        let command:     Option<C>            = None;
+        let condition:   Option<Condition>    = None;
+        let description: Option<Arc<str>>     = None;
+        let source:      Option<Arc<PathBuf>> = None;
         if let Some(command) = command {
             Ok(Self { command, condition, description, source })
         } else {
diff --git a/output/src/ops.rs b/output/src/ops.rs
index bdbcff0..f16d971 100644
--- a/output/src/ops.rs
+++ b/output/src/ops.rs
@@ -776,22 +776,16 @@ pub struct Stack<E, F> {
     direction: Direction,
     callback:  F
 }
-impl<E, F> Stack<E, F> {
+impl<E: Output, F: Fn(&mut dyn FnMut(&dyn Render<E>)->())->()> Stack<E, F> {
+    pub fn north (callback: F) -> Self { Self::new(North, callback) }
+    pub fn south (callback: F) -> Self { Self::new(South, callback) }
+    pub fn east  (callback: F) -> Self { Self::new(East, callback)  }
+    pub fn west  (callback: F) -> Self { Self::new(West, callback)  }
+    pub fn above (callback: F) -> Self { Self::new(Above, callback) }
+    pub fn below (callback: F) -> Self { Self::new(Below, callback) }
     pub fn new (direction: Direction, callback: F) -> Self {
         Self { direction, callback, __: Default::default(), }
     }
-    pub fn north (callback: F) -> Self {
-        Self::new(North, callback)
-    }
-    pub fn south (callback: F) -> Self {
-        Self::new(South, callback)
-    }
-    pub fn east (callback: F) -> Self {
-        Self::new(East, callback)
-    }
-    pub fn west (callback: F) -> Self {
-        Self::new(West, callback)
-    }
 }
 impl<E: Output, F: Fn(&mut dyn FnMut(&dyn Render<E>)->())->()> Content<E> for Stack<E, F> {
     fn layout (&self, to: E::Area) -> E::Area {
@@ -802,32 +796,22 @@ impl<E: Output, F: Fn(&mut dyn FnMut(&dyn Render<E>)->())->()> Content<E> for St
         (self.callback)(&mut move |component: &dyn Render<E>|{
             let [_, _, w, h] = component.layout([x, y, w_remaining, h_remaining].into()).xywh();
             match self.direction {
-                South => {
-                    y           = y.plus(h);
-                    h_used      = h_used.plus(h);
-                    h_remaining = h_remaining.minus(h);
-                    w_used      = w_used.max(w);
-                },
-                East  => {
-                    x           = x.plus(w);
-                    w_used      = w_used.plus(w);
-                    w_remaining = w_remaining.minus(w);
-                    h_used      = h_used.max(h);
-                },
-                North | West  => {
-                    todo!()
-                },
-                _ => unreachable!(),
+                North | West  => { todo!() },
+                Above | Below => {},
+                South => { y           = y.plus(h);
+                           h_used      = h_used.plus(h);
+                           h_remaining = h_remaining.minus(h);
+                           w_used      = w_used.max(w); },
+                East  => { x           = x.plus(w);
+                           w_used      = w_used.plus(w);
+                           w_remaining = w_remaining.minus(w);
+                           h_used      = h_used.max(h); },
             }
         });
         match self.direction {
-            North | West => {
-                todo!()
-            },
-            South | East => {
-                [to.x(), to.y(), w_used.into(), h_used.into()].into()
-            },
-            _ => unreachable!(),
+            North | West  => { todo!() },
+            South | East  => { [to.x(), to.y(), w_used.into(), h_used.into()].into() },
+            Above | Below => { [to.x(), to.y(), to.w(), to.h()].into() },
         }
     }
     fn render (&self, to: &mut E) {
@@ -838,22 +822,16 @@ impl<E: Output, F: Fn(&mut dyn FnMut(&dyn Render<E>)->())->()> Content<E> for St
         (self.callback)(&mut move |component: &dyn Render<E>|{
             let layout = component.layout([x, y, w_remaining, h_remaining].into());
             match self.direction {
-                South => {
-                    y           = y.plus(layout.h());
-                    h_remaining = h_remaining.minus(layout.h());
-                    h_used      = h_used.plus(layout.h());
-                    to.place(layout, component);
-                },
-                East => {
-                    x           = x.plus(layout.w());
-                    w_remaining = w_remaining.minus(layout.w());
-                    w_used      = w_used.plus(layout.h());
-                    to.place(layout, component);
-                },
-                North | West  => {
-                    todo!()
-                },
-                _ => unreachable!()
+                Above | Below => { to.place(layout, component);  }
+                North | West  => { todo!() },
+                South => { y           = y.plus(layout.h());
+                           h_remaining = h_remaining.minus(layout.h());
+                           h_used      = h_used.plus(layout.h());
+                           to.place(layout, component); },
+                East  => { x           = x.plus(layout.w());
+                           w_remaining = w_remaining.minus(layout.w());
+                           w_used      = w_used.plus(layout.h());
+                           to.place(layout, component); },
             }
         });
     }