From c1b727bafc27dc715d7239a0bc63a1cdfe962bc2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: same mf who else <AAAAA@AAAAA.AAAAA>
Date: Mon, 23 Feb 2026 21:21:03 +0200
Subject: [PATCH] move the jack stuff from tek into tengri

---
 .gitmodules          |    6 +
 Cargo.lock           | 1357 ++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 Cargo.toml           |   25 +-
 README.md            |   59 +-
 dizzle               |    1 +
 rust-jack            |    1 +
 src/.scratch.rs      |    8 +
 src/tengri.rs        |  470 +--------
 src/tengri_impl.rs   | 2252 +++++++++++++++++++++++++-----------------
 src/tengri_struct.rs |  151 ++-
 src/tengri_trait.rs  |  170 +++-
 11 files changed, 3006 insertions(+), 1494 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .gitmodules
 create mode 160000 dizzle
 create mode 160000 rust-jack

diff --git a/.gitmodules b/.gitmodules
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c4e9da5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.gitmodules
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+[submodule "dizzle"]
+	path = dizzle
+	url = ssh://git@codeberg.org/unspeaker/dizzle.git
+[submodule "rust-jack"]
+	path = rust-jack
+	url = https://codeberg.org/unspeaker/rust-jack
diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index be9dae7..877cb78 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -2,6 +2,22 @@
 # It is not intended for manual editing.
 version = 4
 
+[[package]]
+name = "ab_glyph"
+version = "0.2.32"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "01c0457472c38ea5bd1c3b5ada5e368271cb550be7a4ca4a0b4634e9913f6cc2"
+dependencies = [
+ "ab_glyph_rasterizer",
+ "owned_ttf_parser",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "ab_glyph_rasterizer"
+version = "0.1.10"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "366ffbaa4442f4684d91e2cd7c5ea7c4ed8add41959a31447066e279e432b618"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "addr2line"
 version = "0.25.1"
@@ -17,12 +33,52 @@ version = "2.0.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "320119579fcad9c21884f5c4861d16174d0e06250625266f50fe6898340abefa"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "ahash"
+version = "0.8.12"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "5a15f179cd60c4584b8a8c596927aadc462e27f2ca70c04e0071964a73ba7a75"
+dependencies = [
+ "cfg-if",
+ "getrandom 0.3.4",
+ "once_cell",
+ "version_check",
+ "zerocopy",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "allocator-api2"
 version = "0.2.21"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "683d7910e743518b0e34f1186f92494becacb047c7b6bf616c96772180fef923"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "android-activity"
+version = "0.6.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ef6978589202a00cd7e118380c448a08b6ed394c3a8df3a430d0898e3a42d046"
+dependencies = [
+ "android-properties",
+ "bitflags 2.11.0",
+ "cc",
+ "cesu8",
+ "jni",
+ "jni-sys",
+ "libc",
+ "log",
+ "ndk",
+ "ndk-context",
+ "ndk-sys",
+ "num_enum",
+ "thiserror 1.0.69",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "android-properties"
+version = "0.2.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "fc7eb209b1518d6bb87b283c20095f5228ecda460da70b44f0802523dea6da04"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "anyhow"
 version = "1.0.101"
@@ -38,6 +94,30 @@ dependencies = [
  "num-traits",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "arrayref"
+version = "0.3.9"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "76a2e8124351fda1ef8aaaa3bbd7ebbcb486bbcd4225aca0aa0d84bb2db8fecb"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "arrayvec"
+version = "0.7.6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7c02d123df017efcdfbd739ef81735b36c5ba83ec3c59c80a9d7ecc718f92e50"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "as-raw-xcb-connection"
+version = "1.0.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "175571dd1d178ced59193a6fc02dde1b972eb0bc56c892cde9beeceac5bf0f6b"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "atomic-waker"
+version = "1.1.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "1505bd5d3d116872e7271a6d4e16d81d0c8570876c8de68093a09ac269d8aac0"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "atomic_float"
 version = "1.1.0"
@@ -90,12 +170,27 @@ version = "0.8.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "5e764a1d40d510daf35e07be9eb06e75770908c27d411ee6c92109c9840eaaf7"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "bitflags"
+version = "1.3.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "bef38d45163c2f1dde094a7dfd33ccf595c92905c8f8f4fdc18d06fb1037718a"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "bitflags"
 version = "2.11.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "843867be96c8daad0d758b57df9392b6d8d271134fce549de6ce169ff98a92af"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "block2"
+version = "0.5.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "2c132eebf10f5cad5289222520a4a058514204aed6d791f1cf4fe8088b82d15f"
+dependencies = [
+ "objc2",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "bumpalo"
 version = "3.20.2"
@@ -108,6 +203,44 @@ version = "1.2.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "64fa3c856b712db6612c019f14756e64e4bcea13337a6b33b696333a9eaa2d06"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "bytemuck"
+version = "1.25.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "c8efb64bd706a16a1bdde310ae86b351e4d21550d98d056f22f8a7f7a2183fec"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "bytes"
+version = "1.11.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "1e748733b7cbc798e1434b6ac524f0c1ff2ab456fe201501e6497c8417a4fc33"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "calloop"
+version = "0.13.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b99da2f8558ca23c71f4fd15dc57c906239752dd27ff3c00a1d56b685b7cbfec"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 2.11.0",
+ "log",
+ "polling",
+ "rustix 0.38.44",
+ "slab",
+ "thiserror 1.0.69",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "calloop-wayland-source"
+version = "0.3.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "95a66a987056935f7efce4ab5668920b5d0dac4a7c99991a67395f13702ddd20"
+dependencies = [
+ "calloop",
+ "rustix 0.38.44",
+ "wayland-backend",
+ "wayland-client",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "cassowary"
 version = "0.3.0"
@@ -123,12 +256,46 @@ dependencies = [
  "rustversion",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "cc"
+version = "1.2.56"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "aebf35691d1bfb0ac386a69bac2fde4dd276fb618cf8bf4f5318fe285e821bb2"
+dependencies = [
+ "find-msvc-tools",
+ "jobserver",
+ "libc",
+ "shlex",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "cesu8"
+version = "1.1.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "6d43a04d8753f35258c91f8ec639f792891f748a1edbd759cf1dcea3382ad83c"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "cfg-if"
 version = "1.0.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "9330f8b2ff13f34540b44e946ef35111825727b38d33286ef986142615121801"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "cfg_aliases"
+version = "0.2.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "613afe47fcd5fac7ccf1db93babcb082c5994d996f20b8b159f2ad1658eb5724"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "combine"
+version = "4.6.7"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ba5a308b75df32fe02788e748662718f03fde005016435c444eea572398219fd"
+dependencies = [
+ "bytes",
+ "memchr",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "compact_str"
 version = "0.8.1"
@@ -143,6 +310,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "static_assertions",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "concurrent-queue"
+version = "2.5.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "4ca0197aee26d1ae37445ee532fefce43251d24cc7c166799f4d46817f1d3973"
+dependencies = [
+ "crossbeam-utils",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "console"
 version = "0.15.11"
@@ -186,6 +362,46 @@ dependencies = [
  "unicode-segmentation",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "core-foundation"
+version = "0.9.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "91e195e091a93c46f7102ec7818a2aa394e1e1771c3ab4825963fa03e45afb8f"
+dependencies = [
+ "core-foundation-sys",
+ "libc",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "core-foundation-sys"
+version = "0.8.7"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "773648b94d0e5d620f64f280777445740e61fe701025087ec8b57f45c791888b"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "core-graphics"
+version = "0.23.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "c07782be35f9e1140080c6b96f0d44b739e2278479f64e02fdab4e32dfd8b081"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 1.3.2",
+ "core-foundation",
+ "core-graphics-types",
+ "foreign-types",
+ "libc",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "core-graphics-types"
+version = "0.1.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "45390e6114f68f718cc7a830514a96f903cccd70d02a8f6d9f643ac4ba45afaf"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 1.3.2",
+ "core-foundation",
+ "libc",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "crossbeam-utils"
 version = "0.8.21"
@@ -198,7 +414,7 @@ version = "0.28.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "829d955a0bb380ef178a640b91779e3987da38c9aea133b20614cfed8cdea9c6"
 dependencies = [
- "bitflags",
+ "bitflags 2.11.0",
  "crossterm_winapi",
  "mio",
  "parking_lot",
@@ -214,7 +430,7 @@ version = "0.29.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "d8b9f2e4c67f833b660cdb0a3523065869fb35570177239812ed4c905aeff87b"
 dependencies = [
- "bitflags",
+ "bitflags 2.11.0",
  "crossterm_winapi",
  "derive_more",
  "document-features",
@@ -235,6 +451,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "winapi",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "cursor-icon"
+version = "1.2.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f27ae1dd37df86211c42e150270f82743308803d90a6f6e6651cd730d5e1732f"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "darling"
 version = "0.23.0"
@@ -291,6 +513,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "syn",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "dispatch"
+version = "0.2.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "bd0c93bb4b0c6d9b77f4435b0ae98c24d17f1c45b2ff844c6151a07256ca923b"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "dizzle"
 version = "0.1.0"
@@ -298,7 +526,16 @@ dependencies = [
  "const_panic",
  "itertools 0.14.0",
  "konst",
- "thiserror",
+ "thiserror 2.0.18",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "dlib"
+version = "0.5.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "330c60081dcc4c72131f8eb70510f1ac07223e5d4163db481a04a0befcffa412"
+dependencies = [
+ "libloading",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -310,6 +547,18 @@ dependencies = [
  "litrs",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "downcast-rs"
+version = "1.2.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "75b325c5dbd37f80359721ad39aca5a29fb04c89279657cffdda8736d0c0b9d2"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "dpi"
+version = "0.1.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d8b14ccef22fc6f5a8f4d7d768562a182c04ce9a3b3157b91390b52ddfdf1a76"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "either"
 version = "1.15.0"
@@ -350,6 +599,12 @@ version = "2.3.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "37909eebbb50d72f9059c3b6d82c0463f2ff062c9e95845c43a6c9c0355411be"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "find-msvc-tools"
+version = "0.1.9"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "5baebc0774151f905a1a2cc41989300b1e6fbb29aff0ceffa1064fdd3088d582"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "fnv"
 version = "1.0.7"
@@ -362,6 +617,67 @@ version = "0.1.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "d9c4f5dac5e15c24eb999c26181a6ca40b39fe946cbe4c263c7209467bc83af2"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "foreign-types"
+version = "0.5.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d737d9aa519fb7b749cbc3b962edcf310a8dd1f4b67c91c4f83975dbdd17d965"
+dependencies = [
+ "foreign-types-macros",
+ "foreign-types-shared",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "foreign-types-macros"
+version = "0.2.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "1a5c6c585bc94aaf2c7b51dd4c2ba22680844aba4c687be581871a6f518c5742"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "foreign-types-shared"
+version = "0.3.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "aa9a19cbb55df58761df49b23516a86d432839add4af60fc256da840f66ed35b"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "futures-core"
+version = "0.3.32"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7e3450815272ef58cec6d564423f6e755e25379b217b0bc688e295ba24df6b1d"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "futures-task"
+version = "0.3.32"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "037711b3d59c33004d3856fbdc83b99d4ff37a24768fa1be9ce3538a1cde4393"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "futures-util"
+version = "0.3.32"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "389ca41296e6190b48053de0321d02a77f32f8a5d2461dd38762c0593805c6d6"
+dependencies = [
+ "futures-core",
+ "futures-task",
+ "pin-project-lite",
+ "slab",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "gethostname"
+version = "1.1.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "1bd49230192a3797a9a4d6abe9b3eed6f7fa4c8a8a4947977c6f80025f92cbd8"
+dependencies = [
+ "rustix 1.1.3",
+ "windows-link",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "getrandom"
 version = "0.2.17"
@@ -427,6 +743,12 @@ version = "0.5.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "2304e00983f87ffb38b55b444b5e3b60a884b5d30c0fca7d82fe33449bbe55ea"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "hermit-abi"
+version = "0.5.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "fc0fef456e4baa96da950455cd02c081ca953b141298e41db3fc7e36b1da849c"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "id-arena"
 version = "2.3.0"
@@ -497,6 +819,61 @@ version = "1.0.17"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "92ecc6618181def0457392ccd0ee51198e065e016d1d527a7ac1b6dc7c1f09d2"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "jack"
+version = "0.13.0"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 2.11.0",
+ "jack-sys",
+ "lazy_static",
+ "libc",
+ "log",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "jack-sys"
+version = "0.5.1"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 2.11.0",
+ "lazy_static",
+ "libc",
+ "libloading",
+ "log",
+ "pkg-config",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "jni"
+version = "0.21.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "1a87aa2bb7d2af34197c04845522473242e1aa17c12f4935d5856491a7fb8c97"
+dependencies = [
+ "cesu8",
+ "cfg-if",
+ "combine",
+ "jni-sys",
+ "log",
+ "thiserror 1.0.69",
+ "walkdir",
+ "windows-sys 0.45.0",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "jni-sys"
+version = "0.3.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "8eaf4bc02d17cbdd7ff4c7438cafcdf7fb9a4613313ad11b4f8fefe7d3fa0130"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "jobserver"
+version = "0.1.34"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9afb3de4395d6b3e67a780b6de64b51c978ecf11cb9a462c66be7d4ca9039d33"
+dependencies = [
+ "getrandom 0.3.4",
+ "libc",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "js-sys"
 version = "0.3.85"
@@ -534,6 +911,12 @@ version = "0.3.10"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "00af7901ba50898c9e545c24d5c580c96a982298134e8037d8978b6594782c07"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "lazy_static"
+version = "1.5.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "bbd2bcb4c963f2ddae06a2efc7e9f3591312473c50c6685e1f298068316e66fe"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "leb128fmt"
 version = "0.1.0"
@@ -546,6 +929,27 @@ version = "0.2.182"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "6800badb6cb2082ffd7b6a67e6125bb39f18782f793520caee8cb8846be06112"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "libloading"
+version = "0.8.9"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d7c4b02199fee7c5d21a5ae7d8cfa79a6ef5bb2fc834d6e9058e89c825efdc55"
+dependencies = [
+ "cfg-if",
+ "windows-link",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "libredox"
+version = "0.1.12"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "3d0b95e02c851351f877147b7deea7b1afb1df71b63aa5f8270716e0c5720616"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 2.11.0",
+ "libc",
+ "redox_syscall 0.7.1",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "linux-raw-sys"
 version = "0.4.15"
@@ -594,6 +998,15 @@ version = "2.8.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "f8ca58f447f06ed17d5fc4043ce1b10dd205e060fb3ce5b979b8ed8e59ff3f79"
 
+[[package]]
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+checksum = "714098028fe011992e1c3962653c96b2d578c4b4bce9036e15ff220319b1e0e3"
+dependencies = [
+ "libc",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "miniz_oxide"
 version = "0.8.9"
@@ -615,6 +1028,36 @@ dependencies = [
  "windows-sys 0.61.2",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "ndk"
+version = "0.9.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "c3f42e7bbe13d351b6bead8286a43aac9534b82bd3cc43e47037f012ebfd62d4"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 2.11.0",
+ "jni-sys",
+ "log",
+ "ndk-sys",
+ "num_enum",
+ "raw-window-handle",
+ "thiserror 1.0.69",
+]
+
+[[package]]
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+
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+dependencies = [
+ "jni-sys",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "num-traits"
 version = "0.2.19"
@@ -624,6 +1067,231 @@ dependencies = [
  "autocfg",
 ]
 
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+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b1207a7e20ad57b847bbddc6776b968420d38292bbfe2089accff5e19e82454c"
+dependencies = [
+ "num_enum_derive",
+ "rustversion",
+]
+
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+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro-crate",
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn",
+]
+
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+
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+ "libc",
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+ "objc2-quartz-core",
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+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 2.11.0",
+ "block2",
+ "objc2",
+ "objc2-foundation",
+ "objc2-metal",
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+
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+dependencies = [
+ "objc2",
+ "objc2-foundation",
+]
+
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+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 2.11.0",
+ "block2",
+ "objc2",
+ "objc2-cloud-kit",
+ "objc2-core-data",
+ "objc2-core-image",
+ "objc2-core-location",
+ "objc2-foundation",
+ "objc2-link-presentation",
+ "objc2-quartz-core",
+ "objc2-symbols",
+ "objc2-uniform-type-identifiers",
+ "objc2-user-notifications",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "objc2-uniform-type-identifiers"
+version = "0.2.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "44fa5f9748dbfe1ca6c0b79ad20725a11eca7c2218bceb4b005cb1be26273bfe"
+dependencies = [
+ "block2",
+ "objc2",
+ "objc2-foundation",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "objc2-user-notifications"
+version = "0.2.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "76cfcbf642358e8689af64cee815d139339f3ed8ad05103ed5eaf73db8d84cb3"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 2.11.0",
+ "block2",
+ "objc2",
+ "objc2-core-location",
+ "objc2-foundation",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "object"
 version = "0.37.3"
@@ -639,6 +1307,25 @@ version = "1.21.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "42f5e15c9953c5e4ccceeb2e7382a716482c34515315f7b03532b8b4e8393d2d"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "orbclient"
+version = "0.3.50"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "52ad2c6bae700b7aa5d1cc30c59bdd3a1c180b09dbaea51e2ae2b8e1cf211fdd"
+dependencies = [
+ "libc",
+ "libredox",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "owned_ttf_parser"
+version = "0.25.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "36820e9051aca1014ddc75770aab4d68bc1e9e632f0f5627c4086bc216fb583b"
+dependencies = [
+ "ttf-parser",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "palette"
 version = "0.7.6"
@@ -682,7 +1369,7 @@ checksum = "2621685985a2ebf1c516881c026032ac7deafcda1a2c9b7850dc81e3dfcb64c1"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
  "libc",
- "redox_syscall",
+ "redox_syscall 0.5.18",
  "smallvec",
  "windows-link",
 ]
@@ -693,6 +1380,12 @@ version = "1.0.15"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "57c0d7b74b563b49d38dae00a0c37d4d6de9b432382b2892f0574ddcae73fd0a"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "percent-encoding"
+version = "2.3.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9b4f627cb1b25917193a259e49bdad08f671f8d9708acfd5fe0a8c1455d87220"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "phf"
 version = "0.11.3"
@@ -735,6 +1428,52 @@ dependencies = [
  "siphasher",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "pin-project"
+version = "1.1.10"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "677f1add503faace112b9f1373e43e9e054bfdd22ff1a63c1bc485eaec6a6a8a"
+dependencies = [
+ "pin-project-internal",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "pin-project-internal"
+version = "1.1.10"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "6e918e4ff8c4549eb882f14b3a4bc8c8bc93de829416eacf579f1207a8fbf861"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "pin-project-lite"
+version = "0.2.16"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "3b3cff922bd51709b605d9ead9aa71031d81447142d828eb4a6eba76fe619f9b"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "pkg-config"
+version = "0.3.32"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7edddbd0b52d732b21ad9a5fab5c704c14cd949e5e9a1ec5929a24fded1b904c"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "polling"
+version = "3.11.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "5d0e4f59085d47d8241c88ead0f274e8a0cb551f3625263c05eb8dd897c34218"
+dependencies = [
+ "cfg-if",
+ "concurrent-queue",
+ "hermit-abi",
+ "pin-project-lite",
+ "rustix 1.1.3",
+ "windows-sys 0.61.2",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "ppv-lite86"
 version = "0.2.21"
@@ -754,6 +1493,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "syn",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "proc-macro-crate"
+version = "3.4.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "219cb19e96be00ab2e37d6e299658a0cfa83e52429179969b0f0121b4ac46983"
+dependencies = [
+ "toml_edit",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "proc-macro2"
 version = "1.0.106"
@@ -771,7 +1519,7 @@ checksum = "37566cb3fdacef14c0737f9546df7cfeadbfbc9fef10991038bf5015d0c80532"
 dependencies = [
  "bit-set",
  "bit-vec",
- "bitflags",
+ "bitflags 2.11.0",
  "num-traits",
  "rand 0.9.2",
  "rand_chacha 0.9.0",
@@ -814,6 +1562,15 @@ version = "1.2.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "a1d01941d82fa2ab50be1e79e6714289dd7cde78eba4c074bc5a4374f650dfe0"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "quick-xml"
+version = "0.38.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b66c2058c55a409d601666cffe35f04333cf1013010882cec174a7467cd4e21c"
+dependencies = [
+ "memchr",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "quote"
 version = "1.0.44"
@@ -903,7 +1660,7 @@ version = "0.29.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "eabd94c2f37801c20583fc49dd5cd6b0ba68c716787c2dd6ed18571e1e63117b"
 dependencies = [
- "bitflags",
+ "bitflags 2.11.0",
  "cassowary",
  "compact_str",
  "crossterm 0.28.1",
@@ -924,7 +1681,22 @@ version = "11.6.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "498cd0dc59d73224351ee52a95fee0f1a617a2eae0e7d9d720cc622c73a54186"
 dependencies = [
- "bitflags",
+ "bitflags 2.11.0",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "raw-window-handle"
+version = "0.6.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "20675572f6f24e9e76ef639bc5552774ed45f1c30e2951e1e99c59888861c539"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "redox_syscall"
+version = "0.4.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "4722d768eff46b75989dd134e5c353f0d6296e5aaa3132e776cbdb56be7731aa"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 1.3.2",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -933,7 +1705,16 @@ version = "0.5.18"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "ed2bf2547551a7053d6fdfafda3f938979645c44812fbfcda098faae3f1a362d"
 dependencies = [
- "bitflags",
+ "bitflags 2.11.0",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "redox_syscall"
+version = "0.7.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "35985aa610addc02e24fc232012c86fd11f14111180f902b67e2d5331f8ebf2b"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 2.11.0",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -963,7 +1744,7 @@ version = "0.38.44"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "fdb5bc1ae2baa591800df16c9ca78619bf65c0488b41b96ccec5d11220d8c154"
 dependencies = [
- "bitflags",
+ "bitflags 2.11.0",
  "errno",
  "libc",
  "linux-raw-sys 0.4.15",
@@ -976,7 +1757,7 @@ version = "1.1.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "146c9e247ccc180c1f61615433868c99f3de3ae256a30a43b49f67c2d9171f34"
 dependencies = [
- "bitflags",
+ "bitflags 2.11.0",
  "errno",
  "libc",
  "linux-raw-sys 0.11.0",
@@ -1007,12 +1788,40 @@ version = "1.0.23"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "9774ba4a74de5f7b1c1451ed6cd5285a32eddb5cccb8cc655a4e50009e06477f"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "same-file"
+version = "1.0.6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "93fc1dc3aaa9bfed95e02e6eadabb4baf7e3078b0bd1b4d7b6b0b68378900502"
+dependencies = [
+ "winapi-util",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "scoped-tls"
+version = "1.0.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e1cf6437eb19a8f4a6cc0f7dca544973b0b78843adbfeb3683d1a94a0024a294"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "scopeguard"
 version = "1.2.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "94143f37725109f92c262ed2cf5e59bce7498c01bcc1502d7b9afe439a4e9f49"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "sctk-adwaita"
+version = "0.10.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b6277f0217056f77f1d8f49f2950ac6c278c0d607c45f5ee99328d792ede24ec"
+dependencies = [
+ "ab_glyph",
+ "log",
+ "memmap2",
+ "smithay-client-toolkit",
+ "tiny-skia",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "semver"
 version = "1.0.27"
@@ -1061,6 +1870,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "zmij",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "shlex"
+version = "1.3.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0fda2ff0d084019ba4d7c6f371c95d8fd75ce3524c3cb8fb653a3023f6323e64"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "signal-hook"
 version = "0.3.18"
@@ -1098,18 +1913,64 @@ version = "1.0.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "b2aa850e253778c88a04c3d7323b043aeda9d3e30d5971937c1855769763678e"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "slab"
+version = "0.4.12"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0c790de23124f9ab44544d7ac05d60440adc586479ce501c1d6d7da3cd8c9cf5"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "smallvec"
 version = "1.15.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "67b1b7a3b5fe4f1376887184045fcf45c69e92af734b7aaddc05fb777b6fbd03"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "smithay-client-toolkit"
+version = "0.19.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "3457dea1f0eb631b4034d61d4d8c32074caa6cd1ab2d59f2327bd8461e2c0016"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 2.11.0",
+ "calloop",
+ "calloop-wayland-source",
+ "cursor-icon",
+ "libc",
+ "log",
+ "memmap2",
+ "rustix 0.38.44",
+ "thiserror 1.0.69",
+ "wayland-backend",
+ "wayland-client",
+ "wayland-csd-frame",
+ "wayland-cursor",
+ "wayland-protocols",
+ "wayland-protocols-wlr",
+ "wayland-scanner",
+ "xkeysym",
+]
+
+[[package]]
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+version = "0.2.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "dd538fb6910ac1099850255cf94a94df6551fbdd602454387d0adb2d1ca6dead"
+dependencies = [
+ "serde",
+]
+
 [[package]]
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 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "a2eb9349b6444b326872e140eb1cf5e7c522154d69e7a0ffb0fb81c06b37543f"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "strict-num"
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+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "6637bab7722d379c8b41ba849228d680cc12d0a45ba1fa2b48f2a30577a06731"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "strsim"
 version = "0.11.1"
@@ -1172,6 +2033,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "bumpalo",
  "crossterm 0.29.0",
  "dizzle",
+ "jack",
  "palette",
  "proptest",
  "proptest-derive",
@@ -1179,19 +2041,17 @@ dependencies = [
  "rand 0.8.5",
  "ratatui",
  "tengri",
- "tengri_proc",
  "unicode-width 0.2.0",
+ "winit",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "tengri_proc"
-version = "0.15.0"
+name = "thiserror"
+version = "1.0.69"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b6aaf5339b578ea85b50e080feb250a3e8ae8cfcdff9a461c9ec2904bc923f52"
 dependencies = [
- "dizzle",
- "heck",
- "proc-macro2",
- "quote",
- "syn",
+ "thiserror-impl 1.0.69",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1200,7 +2060,18 @@ version = "2.0.18"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "4288b5bcbc7920c07a1149a35cf9590a2aa808e0bc1eafaade0b80947865fbc4"
 dependencies = [
- "thiserror-impl",
+ "thiserror-impl 2.0.18",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "thiserror-impl"
+version = "1.0.69"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "4fee6c4efc90059e10f81e6d42c60a18f76588c3d74cb83a0b242a2b6c7504c1"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1214,6 +2085,83 @@ dependencies = [
  "syn",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "tiny-skia"
+version = "0.11.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "83d13394d44dae3207b52a326c0c85a8bf87f1541f23b0d143811088497b09ab"
+dependencies = [
+ "arrayref",
+ "arrayvec",
+ "bytemuck",
+ "cfg-if",
+ "log",
+ "tiny-skia-path",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "tiny-skia-path"
+version = "0.11.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9c9e7fc0c2e86a30b117d0462aa261b72b7a99b7ebd7deb3a14ceda95c5bdc93"
+dependencies = [
+ "arrayref",
+ "bytemuck",
+ "strict-num",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "toml_datetime"
+version = "0.7.5+spec-1.1.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "92e1cfed4a3038bc5a127e35a2d360f145e1f4b971b551a2ba5fd7aedf7e1347"
+dependencies = [
+ "serde_core",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "toml_edit"
+version = "0.23.10+spec-1.0.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "84c8b9f757e028cee9fa244aea147aab2a9ec09d5325a9b01e0a49730c2b5269"
+dependencies = [
+ "indexmap",
+ "toml_datetime",
+ "toml_parser",
+ "winnow",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "toml_parser"
+version = "1.0.9+spec-1.1.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "702d4415e08923e7e1ef96cd5727c0dfed80b4d2fa25db9647fe5eb6f7c5a4c4"
+dependencies = [
+ "winnow",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "tracing"
+version = "0.1.44"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "63e71662fa4b2a2c3a26f570f037eb95bb1f85397f3cd8076caed2f026a6d100"
+dependencies = [
+ "pin-project-lite",
+ "tracing-core",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "tracing-core"
+version = "0.1.36"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "db97caf9d906fbde555dd62fa95ddba9eecfd14cb388e4f491a66d74cd5fb79a"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "ttf-parser"
+version = "0.25.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d2df906b07856748fa3f6e0ad0cbaa047052d4a7dd609e231c4f72cee8c36f31"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "typewit"
 version = "1.14.2"
@@ -1276,6 +2224,12 @@ version = "0.2.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "ebc1c04c71510c7f702b52b7c350734c9ff1295c464a03335b00bb84fc54f853"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "version_check"
+version = "0.9.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0b928f33d975fc6ad9f86c8f283853ad26bdd5b10b7f1542aa2fa15e2289105a"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "wait-timeout"
 version = "0.2.1"
@@ -1285,6 +2239,16 @@ dependencies = [
  "libc",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "walkdir"
+version = "2.5.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "29790946404f91d9c5d06f9874efddea1dc06c5efe94541a7d6863108e3a5e4b"
+dependencies = [
+ "same-file",
+ "winapi-util",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "wasi"
 version = "0.11.1+wasi-snapshot-preview1"
@@ -1322,6 +2286,20 @@ dependencies = [
  "wasm-bindgen-shared",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "wasm-bindgen-futures"
+version = "0.4.58"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "70a6e77fd0ae8029c9ea0063f87c46fde723e7d887703d74ad2616d792e51e6f"
+dependencies = [
+ "cfg-if",
+ "futures-util",
+ "js-sys",
+ "once_cell",
+ "wasm-bindgen",
+ "web-sys",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen-macro"
 version = "0.2.108"
@@ -1382,12 +2360,121 @@ version = "0.244.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "47b807c72e1bac69382b3a6fb3dbe8ea4c0ed87ff5629b8685ae6b9a611028fe"
 dependencies = [
- "bitflags",
+ "bitflags 2.11.0",
  "hashbrown 0.15.5",
  "indexmap",
  "semver",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "wayland-backend"
+version = "0.3.12"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "fee64194ccd96bf648f42a65a7e589547096dfa702f7cadef84347b66ad164f9"
+dependencies = [
+ "cc",
+ "downcast-rs",
+ "rustix 1.1.3",
+ "scoped-tls",
+ "smallvec",
+ "wayland-sys",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wayland-client"
+version = "0.31.12"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b8e6faa537fbb6c186cb9f1d41f2f811a4120d1b57ec61f50da451a0c5122bec"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 2.11.0",
+ "rustix 1.1.3",
+ "wayland-backend",
+ "wayland-scanner",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wayland-csd-frame"
+version = "0.3.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "625c5029dbd43d25e6aa9615e88b829a5cad13b2819c4ae129fdbb7c31ab4c7e"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 2.11.0",
+ "cursor-icon",
+ "wayland-backend",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wayland-cursor"
+version = "0.31.12"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "5864c4b5b6064b06b1e8b74ead4a98a6c45a285fe7a0e784d24735f011fdb078"
+dependencies = [
+ "rustix 1.1.3",
+ "wayland-client",
+ "xcursor",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wayland-protocols"
+version = "0.32.10"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "baeda9ffbcfc8cd6ddaade385eaf2393bd2115a69523c735f12242353c3df4f3"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 2.11.0",
+ "wayland-backend",
+ "wayland-client",
+ "wayland-scanner",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wayland-protocols-plasma"
+version = "0.3.10"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "aa98634619300a535a9a97f338aed9a5ff1e01a461943e8346ff4ae26007306b"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 2.11.0",
+ "wayland-backend",
+ "wayland-client",
+ "wayland-protocols",
+ "wayland-scanner",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wayland-protocols-wlr"
+version = "0.3.10"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e9597cdf02cf0c34cd5823786dce6b5ae8598f05c2daf5621b6e178d4f7345f3"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 2.11.0",
+ "wayland-backend",
+ "wayland-client",
+ "wayland-protocols",
+ "wayland-scanner",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wayland-scanner"
+version = "0.31.8"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "5423e94b6a63e68e439803a3e153a9252d5ead12fd853334e2ad33997e3889e3"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quick-xml",
+ "quote",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wayland-sys"
+version = "0.31.8"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "1e6dbfc3ac5ef974c92a2235805cc0114033018ae1290a72e474aa8b28cbbdfd"
+dependencies = [
+ "dlib",
+ "log",
+ "once_cell",
+ "pkg-config",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "web-sys"
 version = "0.3.85"
@@ -1398,6 +2485,16 @@ dependencies = [
  "wasm-bindgen",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "web-time"
+version = "1.1.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "5a6580f308b1fad9207618087a65c04e7a10bc77e02c8e84e9b00dd4b12fa0bb"
+dependencies = [
+ "js-sys",
+ "wasm-bindgen",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "winapi"
 version = "0.3.9"
@@ -1414,6 +2511,15 @@ version = "0.4.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "ac3b87c63620426dd9b991e5ce0329eff545bccbbb34f3be09ff6fb6ab51b7b6"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "winapi-util"
+version = "0.1.11"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "c2a7b1c03c876122aa43f3020e6c3c3ee5c05081c9a00739faf7503aeba10d22"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows-sys 0.61.2",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "winapi-x86_64-pc-windows-gnu"
 version = "0.4.0"
@@ -1426,13 +2532,31 @@ version = "0.2.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "f0805222e57f7521d6a62e36fa9163bc891acd422f971defe97d64e70d0a4fe5"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "windows-sys"
+version = "0.45.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "75283be5efb2831d37ea142365f009c02ec203cd29a3ebecbc093d52315b66d0"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows-targets 0.42.2",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows-sys"
+version = "0.52.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "282be5f36a8ce781fad8c8ae18fa3f9beff57ec1b52cb3de0789201425d9a33d"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows-targets 0.52.6",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "windows-sys"
 version = "0.59.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "1e38bc4d79ed67fd075bcc251a1c39b32a1776bbe92e5bef1f0bf1f8c531853b"
 dependencies = [
- "windows-targets",
+ "windows-targets 0.52.6",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1444,34 +2568,67 @@ dependencies = [
  "windows-link",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "windows-targets"
+version = "0.42.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "8e5180c00cd44c9b1c88adb3693291f1cd93605ded80c250a75d472756b4d071"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows_aarch64_gnullvm 0.42.2",
+ "windows_aarch64_msvc 0.42.2",
+ "windows_i686_gnu 0.42.2",
+ "windows_i686_msvc 0.42.2",
+ "windows_x86_64_gnu 0.42.2",
+ "windows_x86_64_gnullvm 0.42.2",
+ "windows_x86_64_msvc 0.42.2",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "windows-targets"
 version = "0.52.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "9b724f72796e036ab90c1021d4780d4d3d648aca59e491e6b98e725b84e99973"
 dependencies = [
- "windows_aarch64_gnullvm",
- "windows_aarch64_msvc",
- "windows_i686_gnu",
+ "windows_aarch64_gnullvm 0.52.6",
+ "windows_aarch64_msvc 0.52.6",
+ "windows_i686_gnu 0.52.6",
  "windows_i686_gnullvm",
- "windows_i686_msvc",
- "windows_x86_64_gnu",
- "windows_x86_64_gnullvm",
- "windows_x86_64_msvc",
+ "windows_i686_msvc 0.52.6",
+ "windows_x86_64_gnu 0.52.6",
+ "windows_x86_64_gnullvm 0.52.6",
+ "windows_x86_64_msvc 0.52.6",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "windows_aarch64_gnullvm"
+version = "0.42.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "597a5118570b68bc08d8d59125332c54f1ba9d9adeedeef5b99b02ba2b0698f8"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_aarch64_gnullvm"
 version = "0.52.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "32a4622180e7a0ec044bb555404c800bc9fd9ec262ec147edd5989ccd0c02cd3"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "windows_aarch64_msvc"
+version = "0.42.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e08e8864a60f06ef0d0ff4ba04124db8b0fb3be5776a5cd47641e942e58c4d43"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_aarch64_msvc"
 version = "0.52.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "09ec2a7bb152e2252b53fa7803150007879548bc709c039df7627cabbd05d469"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "windows_i686_gnu"
+version = "0.42.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "c61d927d8da41da96a81f029489353e68739737d3beca43145c8afec9a31a84f"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_i686_gnu"
 version = "0.52.6"
@@ -1484,30 +2641,115 @@ version = "0.52.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "0eee52d38c090b3caa76c563b86c3a4bd71ef1a819287c19d586d7334ae8ed66"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "windows_i686_msvc"
+version = "0.42.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "44d840b6ec649f480a41c8d80f9c65108b92d89345dd94027bfe06ac444d1060"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_i686_msvc"
 version = "0.52.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "240948bc05c5e7c6dabba28bf89d89ffce3e303022809e73deaefe4f6ec56c66"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "windows_x86_64_gnu"
+version = "0.42.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "8de912b8b8feb55c064867cf047dda097f92d51efad5b491dfb98f6bbb70cb36"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_x86_64_gnu"
 version = "0.52.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "147a5c80aabfbf0c7d901cb5895d1de30ef2907eb21fbbab29ca94c5b08b1a78"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "windows_x86_64_gnullvm"
+version = "0.42.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "26d41b46a36d453748aedef1486d5c7a85db22e56aff34643984ea85514e94a3"
+
 [[package]]
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 checksum = "24d5b23dc417412679681396f2b49f3de8c1473deb516bd34410872eff51ed0d"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "windows_x86_64_msvc"
+version = "0.42.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9aec5da331524158c6d1a4ac0ab1541149c0b9505fde06423b02f5ef0106b9f0"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_x86_64_msvc"
 version = "0.52.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "589f6da84c646204747d1270a2a5661ea66ed1cced2631d546fdfb155959f9ec"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "winit"
+version = "0.30.12"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "c66d4b9ed69c4009f6321f762d6e61ad8a2389cd431b97cb1e146812e9e6c732"
+dependencies = [
+ "ahash",
+ "android-activity",
+ "atomic-waker",
+ "bitflags 2.11.0",
+ "block2",
+ "bytemuck",
+ "calloop",
+ "cfg_aliases",
+ "concurrent-queue",
+ "core-foundation",
+ "core-graphics",
+ "cursor-icon",
+ "dpi",
+ "js-sys",
+ "libc",
+ "memmap2",
+ "ndk",
+ "objc2",
+ "objc2-app-kit",
+ "objc2-foundation",
+ "objc2-ui-kit",
+ "orbclient",
+ "percent-encoding",
+ "pin-project",
+ "raw-window-handle",
+ "redox_syscall 0.4.1",
+ "rustix 0.38.44",
+ "sctk-adwaita",
+ "smithay-client-toolkit",
+ "smol_str",
+ "tracing",
+ "unicode-segmentation",
+ "wasm-bindgen",
+ "wasm-bindgen-futures",
+ "wayland-backend",
+ "wayland-client",
+ "wayland-protocols",
+ "wayland-protocols-plasma",
+ "web-sys",
+ "web-time",
+ "windows-sys 0.52.0",
+ "x11-dl",
+ "x11rb",
+ "xkbcommon-dl",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "winnow"
+version = "0.7.14"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "5a5364e9d77fcdeeaa6062ced926ee3381faa2ee02d3eb83a5c27a8825540829"
+dependencies = [
+ "memchr",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "wit-bindgen"
 version = "0.51.0"
@@ -1566,7 +2808,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "9d66ea20e9553b30172b5e831994e35fbde2d165325bec84fc43dbf6f4eb9cb2"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
- "bitflags",
+ "bitflags 2.11.0",
  "indexmap",
  "log",
  "serde",
@@ -1596,6 +2838,63 @@ dependencies = [
  "wasmparser",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "x11-dl"
+version = "2.21.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "38735924fedd5314a6e548792904ed8c6de6636285cb9fec04d5b1db85c1516f"
+dependencies = [
+ "libc",
+ "once_cell",
+ "pkg-config",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "x11rb"
+version = "0.13.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9993aa5be5a26815fe2c3eacfc1fde061fc1a1f094bf1ad2a18bf9c495dd7414"
+dependencies = [
+ "as-raw-xcb-connection",
+ "gethostname",
+ "libc",
+ "libloading",
+ "once_cell",
+ "rustix 1.1.3",
+ "x11rb-protocol",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "x11rb-protocol"
+version = "0.13.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ea6fc2961e4ef194dcbfe56bb845534d0dc8098940c7e5c012a258bfec6701bd"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "xcursor"
+version = "0.3.10"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "bec9e4a500ca8864c5b47b8b482a73d62e4237670e5b5f1d6b9e3cae50f28f2b"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "xkbcommon-dl"
+version = "0.4.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d039de8032a9a8856a6be89cea3e5d12fdd82306ab7c94d74e6deab2460651c5"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 2.11.0",
+ "dlib",
+ "log",
+ "once_cell",
+ "xkeysym",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "xkeysym"
+version = "0.2.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b9cc00251562a284751c9973bace760d86c0276c471b4be569fe6b068ee97a56"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "zerocopy"
 version = "0.8.39"
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index 13ad326..37bdf64 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -5,31 +5,34 @@ version     = "0.15.0"
 description = "UI metaframework."
 
 [features]
-default = [ "input", "output", "tui" ]
-bumpalo = [ "dep:bumpalo" ]
-input   = [ ]
-output  = [ ]
-tui     = [ ]
-dsl     = [ ]
+default = ["tui", "jack", "dsl"]
+bumpalo = ["dep:bumpalo"]
+tui     = ["dep:ratatui", "dep:crossterm"]
+gui     = ["dep:winit"]
+dsl     = ["dep:dizzle"]
+jack    = ["dep:jack"]
 
 [dependencies]
 anyhow        = { version = "1.0" }
 atomic_float  = { version = "1" }
 better-panic  = { version = "0.3.0" }
-bumpalo       = { version = "3.19.0", optional = true }
-crossterm     = { version = "0.29.0" }
 palette       = { version = "0.7.6", features = [ "random" ] }
 quanta        = { version = "0.12.3" }
 rand          = { version = "0.8.5" }
-ratatui       = { version = "0.29.0", features = [ "unstable-widget-ref", "underline-color" ] }
 unicode-width = { version = "0.2" }
-dizzle        = { path = "../dizzle" }
+
+dizzle    = { optional = true, path = "./dizzle" }
+jack      = { optional = true, path = "./rust-jack" }
+winit     = { optional = true, version = "0.30.4", features = [ "x11" ]}
+bumpalo   = { optional = true, version = "3.19.0" }
+crossterm = { optional = true, version = "0.29.0" }
+ratatui   = { optional = true, version = "0.29.0", features = [ "unstable-widget-ref", "underline-color" ] }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 proptest        = { version = "^1" }
 proptest-derive = { version = "^0.5.1" }
 tengri          = { path = ".", features = [ "dsl" ] }
-tengri_proc     = { path = "./proc" }
+#tengri_proc     = { path = "./proc" }
 
 [lib]
 path = "src/tengri.rs"
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 41cfef5..a155820 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -1,56 +1,31 @@
+# tengri
+
 ***tengri*** is a metaframework for building interactive applications with rust. (aren't we all?)
 
+tengri is published under [**AGPL3**](../LICENSE).
+
+## tengri and tek
+
 tengri is developed as part of [***tek***](https://codeberg.org/unspeaker/tek),
 a music program for terminals.
 
-tengri contains:
-* [***dizzle***](./dsl), a framework for defining domain-specific languages
-* [***output***](./output), an abstract UI layout framework
-* [***input***](./input), an abstract UI event framework
-* [***tui***](./tui), an implementation of tengri over [***ratatui***](https://ratatui.rs/).
+## tengri and dizzle
 
-as well as:
-* [***core***](./core), the shared definitions ("utils") module
-* [***proc***](./proc), the space for procedural macros
-* [***tengri***](./tengri), the top-level reexport crate
+tengri integrates with [***dizzle***](./dizzle),
+a framework for defining domain-specific languages.
 
-tengri is published under [**AGPL3**](./LICENSE).
+## what's in the box
 
-## Input
+excluding the reexports, tengri is a flat namespace containing the following kinds of things:
 
-***tengri_input*** is where tengri's input handling is defined.
+### logical
 
-the following items are provided:
-* `Input` trait, for defining for input sources
-* `Handle` trait and `handle!` macro, for defining input handlers
-* `Command` trait and the `command!` macro, for defining commands that inputs may result in
+### temporal
 
-## Output
+### aural
 
-***tengri_output*** is an abstract interface layout framework.
+### spatial
 
-it expresses the following notions:
+### textual
 
-* [**space:**](./src/space.rs) `Direction`, `Coordinate`, `Area`, `Size`, `Measure`
-
-* [**output:**](./src/output.rs) `Out`, `Draw`, `Content`
-  * the layout operators are generic over `Draw` and/or `Content`
-  * the traits `Draw` and `Content` are generic over `Out`
-  * implement `Out` to bring a layout to a new backend:
-    [see `TuiOut` in `tengri_tui`](../tui/src/tui_engine/tui_output.rs)
-
-* [**layout:**](./src/layout.rs)
-  * conditionals: `When`, `Either`
-  * iteration: `Map`
-  * concatenation: `Bsp`
-  * positioning: `Align`, `Push`, `Pull`
-  * sizing: `Fill`, `Fixed`, `Expand`, `Shrink`, `Min`, `Max`
-  * implement custom components (that may be backend-dependent):
-    [see `tui_content` in `tengri_tui`](../tui/src/tui_content)
-
-## TUI
-
-***tengri_tui*** implements [tengri_output](../output) and [tengri_input](../input)
-on top of [ratatui](https://ratatui.rs/) and [crossterm](https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm).
-
-tengri is published under [**AGPL3**](../LICENSE).
+checkout the repo and generate docs with `cargo doc` to explore!
diff --git a/dizzle b/dizzle
new file mode 160000
index 0000000..909b94c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dizzle
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Subproject commit 909b94cbd4beffb49be314724dc79db9374bcc99
diff --git a/rust-jack b/rust-jack
new file mode 160000
index 0000000..764a38a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rust-jack
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Subproject commit 764a38a880ab4749ea60aa7e53cd814b858e606c
diff --git a/src/.scratch.rs b/src/.scratch.rs
index 0d0f833..1c7cebe 100644
--- a/src/.scratch.rs
+++ b/src/.scratch.rs
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+//impl<O: Out, T: HasContent<O>> Draw<O> for T {
+    //fn draw (&self, to: &mut O) {
+        //let area = to.area();
+        //*to.area_mut() = self.0;
+        //self.content().draw(to);
+        //*to.area_mut() = area;
+    //}
+//}
     ///// The syntagm `(when :condition :content)` corresponds to a [When] layout element.
     //impl<S, A> FromDsl<S> for When<A> where bool: FromDsl<S>, A: FromDsl<S> {
         //fn try_provide (state: &S, source: &DslVal<impl DslStr, impl DslExpr>) -> Perhaps<Self> {
diff --git a/src/tengri.rs b/src/tengri.rs
index e542ea2..fd0560e 100644
--- a/src/tengri.rs
+++ b/src/tengri.rs
@@ -9,23 +9,27 @@
 #![feature(trait_alias)]
 #![feature(type_alias_impl_trait)]
 #![feature(type_changing_struct_update)]
-mod tengri_impl;
-mod tengri_trait; pub use self::tengri_trait::*;
 mod tengri_struct; pub use self::tengri_struct::*;
+mod tengri_trait; pub use self::tengri_trait::*;
+mod tengri_impl; pub use self::tengri_impl::*;
 #[cfg(test)] pub(crate) use proptest_derive::Arbitrary;
 pub extern crate dizzle; pub use dizzle::*;
 pub extern crate atomic_float; pub(crate) use atomic_float::AtomicF64;
 pub extern crate palette; pub(crate) use ::palette::{*, convert::*, okhsl::*};
 pub extern crate better_panic; pub(crate) use better_panic::{Settings, Verbosity};
 pub extern crate unicode_width; pub(crate) use unicode_width::*;
-pub extern crate ratatui; pub(crate) use ::ratatui::{
+#[cfg(feature = "jack")] pub extern crate jack;
+#[cfg(feature = "jack")] pub use jack::{*, contrib::{*, ClosureProcessHandler}};
+#[cfg(feature = "tui")] pub extern crate ratatui;
+#[cfg(feature = "tui")] pub(crate) use ::ratatui::{
     prelude::{Color, Style, Buffer, Position},
     style::{Stylize, Modifier, Color::*},
     backend::{Backend, CrosstermBackend, ClearType},
     layout::{Size, Rect},
     buffer::Cell
 };
-pub extern crate crossterm; pub(crate) use ::crossterm::{
+#[cfg(feature = "tui")] pub extern crate crossterm;
+#[cfg(feature = "tui")] pub(crate) use ::crossterm::{
     ExecutableCommand,
     terminal::{EnterAlternateScreen, LeaveAlternateScreen, enable_raw_mode, disable_raw_mode},
     event::{poll, read, Event, KeyEvent, KeyCode, KeyModifiers, KeyEventKind, KeyEventState},
@@ -75,51 +79,43 @@ pub(crate) use ::std::{
 
 /// Stack things on top of each other,
 #[macro_export] macro_rules! lay (($($expr:expr),* $(,)?) => {{
-    let bsp = (); $(let bsp = Bsp::b(bsp, $expr);)*; bsp
+    let bsp = (); $(let bsp = Bsp::b(bsp, $expr);)* bsp
 }});
 
 /// Stack southward.
 #[macro_export] macro_rules! col (($($expr:expr),* $(,)?) => {{
-    let bsp = (); $(let bsp = Bsp::s(bsp, $expr);)*; bsp
+    let bsp = (); $(let bsp = Bsp::s(bsp, $expr);)* bsp
 }});
 
 /// Stack northward.
 #[macro_export] macro_rules! col_up (($($expr:expr),* $(,)?) => {{
-    let bsp = (); $(let bsp = Bsp::n(bsp, $expr);)*; bsp
+    let bsp = (); $(let bsp = Bsp::n(bsp, $expr);)* bsp
 }});
 
 /// Stack eastward.
 #[macro_export] macro_rules! row (($($expr:expr),* $(,)?) => {{
-    let bsp = (); $(let bsp = Bsp::e(bsp, $expr);)*; bsp
+    let bsp = (); $(let bsp = Bsp::e(bsp, $expr);)* bsp
 }});
 
-/// Implement [Command] for given `State` and `handler`
-#[macro_export] macro_rules! command {
-    ($(<$($l:lifetime),+>)?|$self:ident:$Command:ty,$state:ident:$State:ty|$handler:expr) => {
-        impl$(<$($l),+>)? ::tengri::Command<$State> for $Command {
-            fn execute (&$self, $state: &mut $State) -> Perhaps<Self> {
-                Ok($handler)
+/// Define an enum containing commands, and implement [Command] trait for over given `State`.
+#[macro_export] macro_rules! def_command (
+    ($Command:ident: |$state:ident: $State:ty| {
+        // FIXME: support attrs (docstrings)
+        $($Variant:ident$({$($arg:ident:$Arg:ty),+ $(,)?})?=>$body:expr),* $(,)?
+    })=>{
+        #[derive(Debug)] pub enum $Command {
+            // FIXME: support attrs (docstrings)
+            $($Variant $({ $($arg: $Arg),* })?),*
+        }
+        impl ::tengri::Command<$State> for $Command {
+            fn execute (&self, $state: &mut $State) -> Perhaps<Self> {
+                match self {
+                    $(Self::$Variant $({ $($arg),* })? => $body,)*
+                    _ => unimplemented!("Command<{}>: {self:?}", stringify!($State)),
+                }
             }
         }
-    };
-}
-
-#[macro_export] macro_rules! def_command (($Command:ident: |$state:ident: $State:ty| {
-    $($Variant:ident$({$($arg:ident:$Arg:ty),+ $(,)?})?=>$body:expr),* $(,)?
-})=>{
-    #[derive(Debug)]
-    pub enum $Command {
-        $($Variant $({ $($arg: $Arg),* })?),*
-    }
-    impl Command<$State> for $Command {
-        fn execute (&self, $state: &mut $State) -> Perhaps<Self> {
-            match self {
-                $(Self::$Variant $({ $($arg),* })? => $body,)*
-                _ => unimplemented!("Command<{}>: {self:?}", stringify!($State)),
-            }
-        }
-    }
-});
+    });
 
 /// Implement [Handle] for given `State` and `handler`.
 #[macro_export] macro_rules! handle {
@@ -160,163 +156,8 @@ pub(crate) use ::std::{
     }
 }
 
-macro_rules! border {
-    ($($T:ident {
-        $nw:literal $n:literal $ne:literal $w:literal $e:literal $sw:literal $s:literal $se:literal
-        $($x:tt)*
-    }),+) => {$(
-        impl BorderStyle for $T {
-            const NW: &'static str = $nw;
-            const N:  &'static str = $n;
-            const NE: &'static str = $ne;
-            const W:  &'static str = $w;
-            const E:  &'static str = $e;
-            const SW: &'static str = $sw;
-            const S:  &'static str = $s;
-            const SE: &'static str = $se;
-            $($x)*
-            fn enabled (&self) -> bool { self.0 }
-        }
-        #[derive(Copy, Clone)] pub struct $T(pub bool, pub Style);
-        impl Layout<TuiOut> for $T {}
-        impl Draw<TuiOut> for $T {
-            fn draw (&self, to: &mut TuiOut) {
-                if self.enabled() { let _ = BorderStyle::draw(self, to); }
-            }
-        }
-    )+}
-}
 
 
-pub fn tui_setup <W: Write> (
-    backend: &mut CrosstermBackend<W>
-) -> Usually<()> {
-    let better_panic_handler = Settings::auto().verbosity(Verbosity::Full).create_panic_handler();
-    std::panic::set_hook(Box::new(move |info: &std::panic::PanicHookInfo|{
-        stdout().execute(LeaveAlternateScreen).unwrap();
-        CrosstermBackend::new(stdout()).show_cursor().unwrap();
-        disable_raw_mode().unwrap();
-        better_panic_handler(info);
-    }));
-    stdout().execute(EnterAlternateScreen)?;
-    backend.hide_cursor()?;
-    enable_raw_mode().map_err(Into::into)
-}
-
-pub fn tui_teardown <W: Write> (backend: &mut CrosstermBackend<W>) -> Usually<()> {
-    stdout().execute(LeaveAlternateScreen)?;
-    backend.show_cursor()?;
-    disable_raw_mode().map_err(Into::into)
-}
-
-pub fn tui_resized <W: Write> (
-    backend: &mut CrosstermBackend<W>,
-    buffer:  &mut Buffer,
-    size:    ratatui::prelude::Rect
-) {
-    if buffer.area != size {
-        backend.clear_region(ClearType::All).unwrap();
-        buffer.resize(size);
-        buffer.reset();
-    }
-}
-
-pub fn tui_redrawn <'b, W: Write> (
-    backend: &mut CrosstermBackend<W>,
-    mut prev_buffer: &'b mut Buffer,
-    mut next_buffer: &'b mut Buffer
-) {
-    let updates = prev_buffer.diff(&next_buffer);
-    backend.draw(updates.into_iter()).expect("failed to render");
-    Backend::flush(backend).expect("failed to flush output new_buffer");
-    std::mem::swap(&mut prev_buffer, &mut next_buffer);
-    next_buffer.reset();
-}
-
-pub fn tui_update (
-    buf: &mut Buffer, area: XYWH<u16>, callback: &impl Fn(&mut Cell, u16, u16)
-) {
-    for row in 0..area.h() {
-        let y = area.y() + row;
-        for col in 0..area.w() {
-            let x = area.x() + col;
-            if x < buf.area.width && y < buf.area.height {
-                if let Some(cell) = buf.cell_mut(ratatui::prelude::Position { x, y }) {
-                    callback(cell, col, row);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// Spawn the output thread.
-pub fn tui_output <T: Draw<TuiOut> + Send + Sync + 'static> (
-    engine: Arc<RwLock<Tui>>, state: &Arc<RwLock<T>>, timer: Duration
-) -> Result<JoinHandle<()>, std::io::Error> {
-    let exited = engine.read().unwrap().exited.clone();
-    let engine = engine.clone();
-    let state  = state.clone();
-    let Size { width, height } = engine.read().unwrap().backend.size().expect("get size failed");
-    let mut buffer = Buffer::empty(Rect { x: 0, y: 0, width, height });
-    std::thread::Builder::new()
-        .name("tui output thread".into())
-        .spawn(move || loop {
-            if exited.fetch_and(true, Relaxed) {
-                break
-            }
-            let t0 = engine.read().unwrap().perf.get_t0();
-            let Size { width, height } = engine.read().unwrap().backend.size()
-                .expect("get size failed");
-            if let Ok(state) = state.try_read() {
-                let size = Rect { x: 0, y: 0, width, height };
-                if buffer.area != size {
-                    engine.write().unwrap().backend.clear_region(ClearType::All).expect("clear failed");
-                    buffer.resize(size);
-                    buffer.reset();
-                }
-                let mut output = TuiOut { buffer, area: XYWH(0, 0, width, height) };
-                state.draw(&mut output);
-                buffer = engine.write().unwrap().flip(output.buffer, size);
-            }
-            let t1 = (*engine.read().unwrap()).perf.get_t1(t0).unwrap();
-            buffer.set_string(0, 0, &format!("{:>3}.{:>3}ms", t1.as_millis(), t1.as_micros() % 1000), Style::default());
-            std::thread::sleep(timer);
-        })
-}
-
-/// Spawn the input thread.
-pub fn tui_input <T: Handle<TuiIn> + Send + Sync + 'static> (
-    engine: Arc<RwLock<Tui>>, state: &Arc<RwLock<T>>, timer: Duration
-) -> JoinHandle<()> {
-    let exited = engine.read().unwrap().exited.clone();
-    let state  = state.clone();
-    spawn(move || loop {
-        if exited.fetch_and(true, Relaxed) {
-            break
-        }
-        if poll(timer).is_ok() {
-            let event = read().unwrap();
-            match event {
-                Event::Key(KeyEvent {
-                    code:      KeyCode::Char('c'),
-                    modifiers: KeyModifiers::CONTROL,
-                    kind:      KeyEventKind::Press,
-                    state:     KeyEventState::NONE
-                }) => {
-                    exited.store(true, Relaxed);
-                },
-                _ => {
-                    let exited = exited.clone();
-                    let event  = TuiEvent::from_crossterm(event);
-                    if let Err(e) = state.write().unwrap().handle(&TuiIn { exited, event }) {
-                        panic!("{e}")
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    })
-}
-
 /// Define layout operation.
 ///
 /// ```
@@ -470,259 +311,6 @@ pub fn tui_input <T: Handle<TuiIn> + Send + Sync + 'static> (
     Ok(true)
 }
 
-/// Should be impl something or other...
-///
-/// ```
-/// use tengri::{Namespace, Understand, TuiOut, ratatui::prelude::Color};
-///
-/// struct State;
-/// impl<'b> Namespace<'b, bool>    for State {}
-/// impl<'b> Namespace<'b, u16>     for State {}
-/// impl<'b> Namespace<'b, Color>   for State {}
-/// impl     Understand<TuiOut, ()> for State {}
-/// # fn main () -> tengri::Usually<()> {
-/// let state = State;
-/// let mut out = TuiOut::default();
-/// tengri::evaluate_output_expression_tui(&state, &mut out, "")?;
-/// tengri::evaluate_output_expression_tui(&state, &mut out, "text Hello world!")?;
-/// tengri::evaluate_output_expression_tui(&state, &mut out, "fg (g 0) (text Hello world!)")?;
-/// tengri::evaluate_output_expression_tui(&state, &mut out, "bg (g 2) (text Hello world!)")?;
-/// tengri::evaluate_output_expression_tui(&state, &mut out, "(bg (g 3) (fg (g 4) (text Hello world!)))")?;
-/// # Ok(()) }
-/// ```
-#[cfg(feature = "dsl")] pub fn evaluate_output_expression_tui <'a, S> (
-    state: &S, output: &mut TuiOut, expr: impl Expression + 'a
-) -> Usually<bool> where
-    S: Understand<TuiOut, ()>
-        + for<'b>Namespace<'b, bool>
-        + for<'b>Namespace<'b, u16>
-        + for<'b>Namespace<'b, Color>
-{
-    // See `tengri::evaluate_output_expression`
-    let head = expr.head()?;
-    let mut frags = head.src()?.unwrap_or_default().split("/");
-    let args  = expr.tail();
-    let arg0  = args.head();
-    let tail0 = args.tail();
-    let arg1  = tail0.head();
-    let tail1 = tail0.tail();
-    let arg2  = tail1.head();
-    match frags.next() {
-
-        Some("text") => {
-            if let Some(src) = args?.src()? { output.place(&src) }
-        },
-
-        Some("fg") => {
-            let arg0  = arg0?.expect("fg: expected arg 0 (color)");
-            let color = Namespace::namespace(state, arg0)?.unwrap_or_else(||panic!("fg: {arg0:?}: not a color"));
-            let thunk = Thunk::new(move|output: &mut TuiOut|state.understand(output, &arg1).unwrap());
-            output.place(&Tui::fg(color, thunk))
-        },
-
-        Some("bg") => {
-            //panic!("expr: {expr:?}\nhead: {head:?}\nfrags: {frags:?}\nargs: {args:?}\narg0: {arg0:?}\ntail0: {tail0:?}\narg1: {arg1:?}\ntail1: {tail1:?}\narg2: {arg2:?}");
-            //panic!("head: {head:?}\narg0: {arg0:?}\narg1: {arg1:?}\narg2: {arg2:?}");;
-            //panic!("head: {head:?}\narg0: {arg0:?}\narg1: {arg1:?}\narg2: {arg2:?}");
-            let arg0  = arg0?.expect("bg: expected arg 0 (color)");
-            let color = Namespace::namespace(state, arg0)?.unwrap_or_else(||panic!("bg: {arg0:?}: not a color"));
-            let thunk = Thunk::new(move|output: &mut TuiOut|state.understand(output, &arg1).unwrap());
-            output.place(&Tui::bg(color, thunk))
-        },
-
-        _ => return Ok(false)
-
-    };
-    Ok(true)
-}
-
-pub fn named_key (token: &str) -> Option<KeyCode> {
-    use KeyCode::*;
-    Some(match token {
-        "up"                => Up,
-        "down"              => Down,
-        "left"              => Left,
-        "right"             => Right,
-        "esc"    | "escape" => Esc,
-        "enter"  | "return" => Enter,
-        "delete" | "del"    => Delete,
-        "backspace"         => Backspace,
-        "tab"               => Tab,
-        "space"             => Char(' '),
-        "comma"             => Char(','),
-        "period"            => Char('.'),
-        "plus"              => Char('+'),
-        "minus" | "dash"    => Char('-'),
-        "equal" | "equals"  => Char('='),
-        "underscore"        => Char('_'),
-        "backtick"          => Char('`'),
-        "lt"                => Char('<'),
-        "gt"                => Char('>'),
-        "cbopen"  | "openbrace"  => Char('{'),
-        "cbclose" | "closebrace" => Char('}'),
-        "bropen"  | "openbracket"  => Char('['),
-        "brclose" | "closebracket" => Char(']'),
-        "pgup" | "pageup"   => PageUp,
-        "pgdn" | "pagedown" => PageDown, 
-        "f1"                => F(1),
-        "f2"                => F(2),
-        "f3"                => F(3),
-        "f4"                => F(4),
-        "f5"                => F(5),
-        "f6"                => F(6),
-        "f7"                => F(7),
-        "f8"                => F(8),
-        "f9"                => F(9),
-        "f10"               => F(10),
-        "f11"               => F(11),
-        "f12"               => F(12),
-        _ => return None,
-    })
-}
-
-/// ```
-/// let _ = tengri::button_2("", "", true);
-/// let _ = tengri::button_2("", "", false);
-/// ```
-pub fn button_2 <'a> (key: impl Content<TuiOut>, label: impl Content<TuiOut>, editing: bool) -> impl Content<TuiOut> {
-    Tui::bold(true, Bsp::e(
-        Tui::fg_bg(Tui::orange(), Tui::g(0), Bsp::e(Tui::fg(Tui::g(0), &"▐"), Bsp::e(key, Tui::fg(Tui::g(96), &"▐")))),
-        When::new(!editing, Tui::fg_bg(Tui::g(255), Tui::g(96), label))))
-}
-
-/// ```
-/// let _ = tengri::button_3("", "", "", true);
-/// let _ = tengri::button_3("", "", "", false);
-/// ```
-pub fn button_3 <'a> (
-    key: impl Content<TuiOut>, label: impl Content<TuiOut>, value: impl Content<TuiOut>, editing: bool,
-) -> impl Content<TuiOut> {
-    Tui::bold(true, Bsp::e(
-        Tui::fg_bg(Tui::orange(), Tui::g(0),
-            Bsp::e(Tui::fg(Tui::g(0), &"▐"), Bsp::e(key, Tui::fg(if editing { Tui::g(128) } else { Tui::g(96) }, "▐")))),
-        Bsp::e(
-            When::new(!editing, Bsp::e(Tui::fg_bg(Tui::g(255), Tui::g(96), label), Tui::fg_bg(Tui::g(128), Tui::g(96), &"▐"),)),
-            Bsp::e(Tui::fg_bg(Tui::g(224), Tui::g(128), value), Tui::fg_bg(Tui::g(128), Reset, &"▌"), ))))
-}
-
-border! {
-    Square {
-        "┌" "─" "┐"
-        "│"     "│"
-        "└" "─" "┘" fn style (&self) -> Option<Style> { Some(self.1) }
-    },
-    SquareBold {
-        "┏" "━" "┓"
-        "┃"     "┃"
-        "┗" "━" "┛" fn style (&self) -> Option<Style> { Some(self.1) }
-    },
-    TabLike {
-        "╭" "─" "╮"
-        "│"     "│"
-        "│" " " "│" fn style (&self) -> Option<Style> { Some(self.1) }
-    },
-    Lozenge {
-        "╭" "─" "╮"
-        "│"     "│"
-        "╰" "─" "╯" fn style (&self) -> Option<Style> { Some(self.1) }
-    },
-    Brace {
-        "╭" "" "╮"
-        "│"    "│"
-        "╰" "" "╯" fn style (&self) -> Option<Style> { Some(self.1) }
-    },
-    LozengeDotted {
-        "╭" "┅" "╮"
-        "┇"     "┇"
-        "╰" "┅" "╯" fn style (&self) -> Option<Style> { Some(self.1) }
-    },
-    Quarter {
-        "▎" "▔" "🮇"
-        "▎"     "🮇"
-        "▎" "▁" "🮇" fn style (&self) -> Option<Style> { Some(self.1) }
-    },
-    QuarterV {
-        "▎" "" "🮇"
-        "▎"    "🮇"
-        "▎" "" "🮇" fn style (&self) -> Option<Style> { Some(self.1) }
-    },
-    Chamfer {
-        "🭂" "▔" "🭍"
-        "▎"     "🮇"
-        "🭓" "▁" "🭞" fn style (&self) -> Option<Style> { Some(self.1) }
-    },
-    Corners {
-        "🬆" "" "🬊" // 🬴 🬸
-        ""     ""
-        "🬱" "" "🬵" fn style (&self) -> Option<Style> { Some(self.1) }
-    },
-    CornersTall {
-        "🭽" "" "🭾"
-        ""     ""
-        "🭼" "" "🭿" fn style (&self) -> Option<Style> { Some(self.1) }
-    },
-    Outer {
-        "🭽" "▔" "🭾"
-        "▏"     "▕"
-        "🭼" "▁" "🭿"
-        const W0: &'static str = "[";
-        const E0: &'static str = "]";
-        const N0: &'static str = "⎴";
-        const S0: &'static str = "⎵";
-        fn style (&self) -> Option<Style> { Some(self.1) }
-    },
-    Thick {
-        "▄" "▄" "▄"
-        "█"     "█"
-        "▀" "▀" "▀"
-        fn style (&self) -> Option<Style> { Some(self.1) }
-    },
-    Rugged {
-        "▄" "▂" "▄"
-        "▐"     "▌"
-        "▀" "🮂" "▀"
-        fn style (&self) -> Option<Style> { Some(self.1) }
-    },
-    Skinny {
-        "▗" "▄" "▖"
-        "▐"     "▌"
-        "▝" "▀" "▘"
-        fn style (&self) -> Option<Style> { Some(self.1) }
-    },
-    Brackets {
-        "⎡" "" "⎤"
-        ""     ""
-        "⎣" "" "⎦"
-        const W0: &'static str = "[";
-        const E0: &'static str = "]";
-        const N0: &'static str = "⎴";
-        const S0: &'static str = "⎵";
-        fn style (&self) -> Option<Style> { Some(self.1) }
-    },
-    Reticle {
-        "⎡" "" "⎤"
-        ""     ""
-        "⎣" "" "⎦"
-        const W0: &'static str = "╟";
-        const E0: &'static str = "╢";
-        const N0: &'static str = "┯";
-        const S0: &'static str = "┷";
-        fn style (&self) -> Option<Style> { Some(self.1) }
-    }
-}
-
-pub fn okhsl_to_rgb (color: Okhsl<f32>) -> Color {
-    let Srgb { red, green, blue, .. }: Srgb<f32> = Srgb::from_color_unclamped(color);
-    Color::Rgb((red   * 255.0) as u8, (green * 255.0) as u8, (blue  * 255.0) as u8,)
-}
-
-pub fn rgb_to_okhsl (color: Color) -> Okhsl<f32> {
-    if let Color::Rgb(r, g, b) = color {
-        Okhsl::from_color(Srgb::new(r as f32 / 255.0, g as f32 / 255.0, b as f32 / 255.0))
-    } else {
-        unreachable!("only Color::Rgb is supported")
-    }
-}
 
 /// Trim string with [unicode_width].
 pub fn trim_string (max_width: usize, input: impl AsRef<str>) -> String {
diff --git a/src/tengri_impl.rs b/src/tengri_impl.rs
index 40d444f..c20d9b4 100644
--- a/src/tengri_impl.rs
+++ b/src/tengri_impl.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,299 @@
 use crate::*;
 use Alignment::*;
 use Direction::*;
-use unicode_width::{UnicodeWidthStr, UnicodeWidthChar};
 use rand::{thread_rng, distributions::uniform::UniformSampler};
+impl<O: Out, T: Draw<O> + Layout<O>> Content<O> for T {}
+impl<'a, O: Out> AsRef<dyn Draw<O> + 'a> for dyn Content<O> + 'a {
+    fn as_ref (&self) -> &(dyn Draw<O> + 'a) { self }
+}
+impl<'a, O: Out> AsRef<dyn Layout<O> + 'a> for dyn Content<O> + 'a {
+    fn as_ref (&self) -> &(dyn Layout<O> + 'a) { self }
+}
+impl<O: Out> Draw<O> for () {
+    fn draw (&self, _: &mut O) {}
+}
+impl<O: Out> Draw<O> for fn(&mut O) {
+    fn draw (&self, to: &mut O) { (*self)(to) }
+}
+impl<O: Out> Draw<O> for Box<dyn Draw<O>> {
+    fn draw (&self, to: &mut O) { (**self).draw(to) }
+}
+impl<O: Out, D: Draw<O>> Draw<O> for &D {
+    fn draw (&self, to: &mut O) { (*self).draw(to) }
+}
+impl<O: Out, D: Draw<O>> Draw<O> for &mut D {
+    fn draw (&self, to: &mut O) { (**self).draw(to) }
+}
+impl<O: Out, D: Draw<O>> Draw<O> for Arc<D> {
+    fn draw (&self, to: &mut O) { (**self).draw(to) }
+}
+impl<O: Out, D: Draw<O>> Draw<O> for RwLock<D> {
+    fn draw (&self, to: &mut O) { self.read().unwrap().draw(to) }
+}
+impl<O: Out, D: Draw<O>> Draw<O> for Option<D> {
+    fn draw (&self, to: &mut O) { if let Some(draw) = self { draw.draw(to) } }
+}
+impl<'a, T: AsRef<str>> TrimString<T> {
+    fn as_ref (&self) -> TrimStringRef<'_, T> { TrimStringRef(self.0, &self.1) }
+}
+impl<O: Out, T: Draw<O>> ErrorBoundary<O, T> {
+    pub fn new (content: Perhaps<T>) -> Self { Self(Default::default(), content) }
+}
+impl<O: Out, T, L: Content<O>, V: Content<O>> HasContent<O> for FieldH<T, L, V> {
+    fn content (&self) -> impl Content<O> { Bsp::e(&self.1, &self.2) }
+}
+impl<O: Out, T, L: Content<O>, V: Content<O>> Layout<O> for FieldH<T, L, V> {
+    fn layout (&self, to: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> XYWH<O::Unit> { self.content().layout(to) }
+}
+impl<O: Out, T, L: Content<O>, V: Content<O>> Draw<O> for FieldH<T, L, V> {
+    fn draw (&self, to: &mut O) { self.content().draw(to) }
+}
+impl<O: Out, T, L: Content<O>, V: Content<O>> HasContent<O> for FieldV<T, L, V> {
+    fn content (&self) -> impl Content<O> { Bsp::s(&self.1, &self.2) }
+}
+impl<O: Out, T, L: Content<O>, V: Content<O>> Layout<O> for FieldV<T, L, V> {
+    fn layout (&self, to: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> XYWH<O::Unit> { self.content().layout(to) }
+}
+impl<O: Out, T, L: Content<O>, V: Content<O>> Draw<O> for FieldV<T, L, V> {
+    fn draw (&self, to: &mut O) { self.content().draw(to) }
+}
+impl<O: Out, S: Layout<O>> Layout<O> for Border<S> {
+    fn layout (&self, area: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> XYWH<O::Unit> { self.1.layout(area) }
+}
+impl<C, T, U> Field<C, T, U> {
+    pub fn new (direction: Direction) -> Field<C, (), ()> {
+        Field::<C, (), ()> {
+            direction,
+            label: None, label_fg: None, label_bg: None, label_align: None,
+            value: None, value_fg: None, value_bg: None, value_align: None,
+        }
+    }
+    pub fn label <L> (
+        self, label: Option<L>, align: Option<Direction>, fg: Option<C>, bg: Option<C>
+    ) -> Field<C, L, U> {
+        Field::<C, L, U> { label, label_fg: fg, label_bg: bg, label_align: align, ..self }
+    }
+    pub fn value <V> (
+        self, value: Option<V>, align: Option<Direction>, fg: Option<C>, bg: Option<C>
+    ) -> Field<C, T, V> {
+        Field::<C, T, V> { value, value_fg: fg, value_bg: bg, value_align: align, ..self }
+    }
+}
+impl<S, T: Command<S>> Command<S> for Option<T> {
+    fn execute (&self, _: &mut S) -> Perhaps<Self> {
+        Ok(None)
+    }
+    fn delegate <U> (&self, _: &mut S, _: impl Fn(Self)->U) -> Perhaps<U>
+        where Self: Sized
+    {
+        Ok(None)
+    }
+}
+impl<O: Out, T: Content<O>, F: Fn()->T> Lazy<O, T, F> {
+    pub const fn new (thunk: F) -> Self { Self(thunk, PhantomData) }
+}
+impl<O: Out> Layout<O> for Measure<O> {}
+impl<E: Out, T: AsRef<Measure<E>>> Measured<E> for T {
+    fn measure (&self) -> &Measure<E> { self.as_ref() }
+}
+impl<O: Out> Clone for Measure<O> {
+    fn clone (&self) -> Self {
+        Self { __: Default::default(), x: self.x.clone(), y: self.y.clone(), }
+    }
+}
+impl<O: Out, F: Fn(&mut O)> Thunk<O, F> {
+    pub const fn new (draw: F) -> Self { Self(PhantomData, draw) }
+}
+impl<O: Out, F: Fn(&mut O)> Draw<O> for Thunk<O, F> {
+    fn draw (&self, to: &mut O) { (self.1)(to) }
+}
+impl<O: Out, F: Fn(&mut O)> Layout<O> for Thunk<O, F> {}
+impl<T: PartialEq, U> Memo<T, U> {
+    pub fn new (value: T, view: U) -> Self { Self { value, view: Arc::new(view.into()) } }
+    pub fn update <R> (&mut self, newval: T, draw: impl Fn(&mut U, &T, &T)->R) -> Option<R> {
+        if newval != self.value {
+            let result = draw(&mut*self.view.write().unwrap(), &newval, &self.value);
+            self.value = newval;
+            return Some(result);
+        }
+        None
+    }
+}
+impl Direction {
+    pub fn split_fixed <N: Coord> (self, area: XYWH<N>, a: N) -> (XYWH<N>, XYWH<N>) {
+        let XYWH(x, y, w, h) = area;
+        match self {
+            North => (XYWH(x, y.plus(h).minus(a), w, a), XYWH(x, y, w, h.minus(a))),
+            South => (XYWH(x, y, w, a),                  XYWH(x, y.plus(a), w, h.minus(a))),
+            East  => (XYWH(x, y, a, h),                  XYWH(x.plus(a), y, w.minus(a), h)),
+            West  => (XYWH(x.plus(w).minus(a), y, a, h), XYWH(x, y, w.minus(a), h)),
+            Above | Below => (area, area)
+        }
+    }
+}
+impl<O: Out> PartialEq for Measure<O> {
+    fn eq (&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
+        self.x.load(Relaxed) == other.x.load(Relaxed) &&
+            self.y.load(Relaxed) == other.y.load(Relaxed)
+    }
+}
+// TODO: 🡘  🡙 ←🡙→ indicator to expand window when too small
+impl<O: Out> Draw<O> for Measure<O> {
+    fn draw (&self, to: &mut O) {
+        self.x.store(to.area().w().into(), Relaxed);
+        self.y.store(to.area().h().into(), Relaxed);
+    }
+}
+impl<O: Out> Debug for Measure<O> {
+    fn fmt (&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::result::Result<(), std::fmt::Error> {
+        f.debug_struct("Measure").field("width",  &self.x).field("height", &self.y).finish()
+    }
+}
+impl<O: Out> Measure<O> {
+    pub fn set_w (&self, w: impl Into<usize>) -> &Self { self.x.store(w.into(), Relaxed); self }
+    pub fn set_h (&self, h: impl Into<usize>) -> &Self { self.y.store(h.into(), Relaxed); self }
+    pub fn set_wh (&self, w: impl Into<usize>, h: impl Into<usize>) -> &Self { self.set_w(w); self.set_h(h); self }
+    pub fn format (&self) -> Arc<str> { format!("{}x{}", self.w(), self.h()).into() }
+    pub fn of <T: Draw<O>> (&self, item: T) -> Bsp<Fill<&Self>, T> { Bsp::b(Fill::XY(self), item) }
+    pub fn new (x: O::Unit, y: O::Unit) -> Self {
+        Self { __: PhantomData::default(), x: Arc::new(x.atomic()), y: Arc::new(y.atomic()), }
+    }
+}
+impl<O: Out> From<WH<O::Unit>> for Measure<O> {
+    fn from (WH(x, y): WH<O::Unit>) -> Self { Self::new(x, y) }
+}
+impl<O: Out> HasWH<O::Unit> for Measure<O> { /// FIXME don't convert to u16 specifically
+    fn w (&self) -> O::Unit { (self.x.load(Relaxed) as u16).into() }
+    fn h (&self) -> O::Unit { (self.y.load(Relaxed) as u16).into() }
+}
+impl<O: Out> Layout<O> for () {
+    fn layout_x      (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { a.x() }
+    fn layout_y      (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { a.y() }
+    fn layout_w      (&self, _: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { 0.into() }
+    fn layout_w_min  (&self, _: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { 0.into() }
+    fn layout_w_max  (&self, _: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { 0.into() }
+    fn layout_h      (&self, _: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { 0.into() }
+    fn layout_h_min  (&self, _: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { 0.into() }
+    fn layout_h_max  (&self, _: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { 0.into() }
+    fn layout (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> XYWH<O::Unit> { XYWH(a.x(), a.y(), 0.into(), 0.into()) }
+}
+impl<O: Out, L: Layout<O>> Layout<O> for &L {
+    fn layout_x      (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (*self).layout_x(a) }
+    fn layout_y      (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (*self).layout_y(a) }
+    fn layout_w      (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (*self).layout_w(a) }
+    fn layout_w_min  (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (*self).layout_w_min(a) }
+    fn layout_w_max  (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (*self).layout_w_max(a) }
+    fn layout_h      (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (*self).layout_h(a) }
+    fn layout_h_min  (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (*self).layout_h_min(a) }
+    fn layout_h_max  (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (*self).layout_h_max(a) }
+    fn layout (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> XYWH<O::Unit> { (*self).layout(a) }
+}
+
+impl<O: Out, L: Layout<O>> Layout<O> for &mut L {
+    fn layout_x      (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_x(a) }
+    fn layout_y      (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_y(a) }
+    fn layout_w      (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_w(a) }
+    fn layout_w_min  (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_w_min(a) }
+    fn layout_w_max  (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_w_max(a) }
+    fn layout_h      (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_h(a) }
+    fn layout_h_min  (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_h_min(a) }
+    fn layout_h_max  (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_h_max(a) }
+    fn layout (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> XYWH<O::Unit> { (**self).layout(a) }
+}
+
+impl<O: Out, L: Layout<O>> Layout<O> for Arc<L> {
+    fn layout_x      (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_x(a) }
+    fn layout_y      (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_y(a) }
+    fn layout_w      (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_w(a) }
+    fn layout_w_min  (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_w_min(a) }
+    fn layout_w_max  (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_w_max(a) }
+    fn layout_h      (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_h(a) }
+    fn layout_h_min  (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_h_min(a) }
+    fn layout_h_max  (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_h_max(a) }
+    fn layout (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> XYWH<O::Unit> { (**self).layout(a) }
+}
+impl<O: Out> Layout<O> for Box<dyn Layout<O>> {
+    fn layout_x      (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_x(a) }
+    fn layout_y      (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_y(a) }
+    fn layout_w      (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_w(a) }
+    fn layout_w_min  (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_w_min(a) }
+    fn layout_w_max  (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_w_max(a) }
+    fn layout_h      (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_h(a) }
+    fn layout_h_min  (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_h_min(a) }
+    fn layout_h_max  (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_h_max(a) }
+    fn layout (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> XYWH<O::Unit> { (**self).layout(a) }
+}
+impl<O: Out, L: Layout<O>> Layout<O> for RwLock<L> {
+    fn layout_x      (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { self.read().unwrap().layout_x(a) }
+    fn layout_y      (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { self.read().unwrap().layout_y(a) }
+    fn layout_w      (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { self.read().unwrap().layout_w(a) }
+    fn layout_w_min  (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { self.read().unwrap().layout_w_min(a) }
+    fn layout_w_max  (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { self.read().unwrap().layout_w_max(a) }
+    fn layout_h      (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { self.read().unwrap().layout_h(a) }
+    fn layout_h_min  (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { self.read().unwrap().layout_h_min(a) }
+    fn layout_h_max  (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { self.read().unwrap().layout_h_max(a) }
+    fn layout (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> XYWH<O::Unit> { self.read().unwrap().layout(a) }
+}
+impl<O: Out, L: Layout<O>> Layout<O> for Option<L> {
+    fn layout_x      (&self, to: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { self.as_ref().map(|c|c.layout_x(to)).unwrap_or(to.x()) }
+    fn layout_y      (&self, to: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { self.as_ref().map(|c|c.layout_y(to)).unwrap_or(to.y()) }
+    fn layout_w_min  (&self, to: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { self.as_ref().map(|c|c.layout_w_min(to)).unwrap_or(0.into()) }
+    fn layout_w_max  (&self, to: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { self.as_ref().map(|c|c.layout_w_max(to)).unwrap_or(0.into()) }
+    fn layout_w      (&self, to: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { self.as_ref().map(|c|c.layout_w(to)).unwrap_or(0.into()) }
+    fn layout_h_min  (&self, to: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { self.as_ref().map(|c|c.layout_h_min(to)).unwrap_or(0.into()) }
+    fn layout_h_max  (&self, to: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { self.as_ref().map(|c|c.layout_h_max(to)).unwrap_or(0.into()) }
+    fn layout_h      (&self, to: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { self.as_ref().map(|c|c.layout_h(to)).unwrap_or(0.into()) }
+    fn layout (&self, to: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> XYWH<O::Unit> {
+        let xywh = XYWH(self.layout_x(to), self.layout_y(to), self.layout_w(to), self.layout_h(to));
+        self.as_ref().map(|c|c.layout(xywh)).unwrap_or(XYWH(to.x(), to.y(), 0.into(), 0.into()))
+    }
+}
+impl<O: Out, D: Content<O>> HasContent<O> for Bounded<O, D> {
+    fn content (&self) -> impl Content<O> { &self.1 }
+}
+impl<O: Out, T: Draw<O>> Draw<O> for Bounded<O, T> {
+    fn draw (&self, to: &mut O) {
+        let area = to.area();
+        *to.area_mut() = self.0;
+        self.1.draw(to);
+        *to.area_mut() = area;
+    }
+}
+impl<O: Out, T: Content<O>> When<O, T> {
+    /// Create a binary condition.
+    pub const fn new (c: bool, a: T) -> Self { Self(c, a, PhantomData) }
+}
+impl<O: Out, T: Layout<O>> Layout<O> for When<O, T> {
+    fn layout (&self, to: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> XYWH<O::Unit> {
+        let Self(cond, item, ..) = self;
+        if *cond { item.layout(to) } else { XYWH::<O::Unit>::zero().into() }
+    }
+}
+impl<O: Out, T: Content<O>> Draw<O> for When<O, T> {
+    fn draw (&self, to: &mut O) {
+        let Self(cond, item, ..) = self;
+        if *cond { Bounded(self.layout(to.area()), item).draw(to) }
+    }
+}
+impl<E: Out, A: Content<E>, B: Content<E>> Either<E, A, B> {
+    /// Create a ternary view condition.
+    pub const fn new (c: bool, a: A, b: B) -> Self {
+        Self(c, a, b, PhantomData)
+    }
+}
+impl<E: Out, A: Layout<E>, B: Layout<E>> Layout<E> for Either<E, A, B> {
+    fn layout (&self, to: XYWH<E::Unit>) -> XYWH<E::Unit> {
+        let Self(cond, a, b, ..) = self;
+        if *cond { a.layout(to) } else { b.layout(to) }
+    }
+}
+impl<E: Out, A: Content<E>, B: Content<E>> Draw<E> for Either<E, A, B> {
+    fn draw (&self, to: &mut E) {
+        let Self(cond, a, b, ..) = self;
+        let area = self.layout(to.area());
+        if *cond { Bounded(area, a).draw(to) } else { Bounded(area, b).draw(to) }
+    }
+}
 
 macro_rules! layout_op_xy (
     // Variant for layout ops that take no coordinates
@@ -54,7 +345,6 @@ macro_rules! layout_op_xy (
         }
     };
 );
-
 // Implement layout op that increments X and/or Y by fixed amount.
 macro_rules! push_pull(($T:ident: $method: ident)=>{
     layout_op_xy!(1: $T);
@@ -63,453 +353,7 @@ macro_rules! push_pull(($T:ident: $method: ident)=>{
         fn layout_y (&self, area: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { area.y().$method(self.dy()) }
     }
 });
-
-macro_rules! impl_map_direction (($name:ident, $axis:ident, $align:ident)=>{
-    impl<'a, O, A, B, I, F> Map<
-        O, A, Push<O::Unit, Align<Fixed<O::Unit, Fill<B>>>>, I, F, fn(A, usize)->B
-    > where
-        O: Out,
-        B: Draw<O>,
-        I: Iterator<Item = A> + Send + Sync + 'a,
-        F: Fn() -> I + Send + Sync + 'a
-    {
-        pub const fn $name (
-            size:     O::Unit,
-            get_iter: F,
-            get_item: impl Fn(A, usize)->B + Send + Sync
-        ) -> Map<
-            O, A,
-            Push<O::Unit, Align<Fixed<O::Unit, B>>>,
-            I, F,
-            impl Fn(A, usize)->Push<O::Unit, Align<Fixed<O::Unit, B>>> + Send + Sync
-        > {
-            Map {
-                __: PhantomData,
-                get_iter,
-                get_item: move |item: A, index: usize|{
-                    // FIXME: multiply
-                    let mut push: O::Unit = O::Unit::from(0u16);
-                    for _ in 0..index {
-                        push = push + size;
-                    }
-                    Push::$axis(push, Align::$align(Fixed::$axis(size, get_item(item, index))))
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-});
-
-
-impl<S, T: Command<S>> Command<S> for Option<T> {
-    fn execute (&self, _: &mut S) -> Perhaps<Self> {
-        Ok(None)
-    }
-    fn delegate <U> (&self, _: &mut S, _: impl Fn(Self)->U) -> Perhaps<U>
-        where Self: Sized
-    {
-        Ok(None)
-    }
-}
-
-
-impl Coord for u16 {
-    fn plus (self, other: Self) -> Self { self.saturating_add(other) }
-}
-
-impl<N: Coord> HasXY<N> for XY<N> {
-    fn x (&self) -> N { self.0 }
-    fn y (&self) -> N { self.1 }
-}
-
-impl<N: Coord> HasXY<N> for XYWH<N> {
-    fn x (&self) -> N { self.0 }
-    fn y (&self) -> N { self.1 }
-}
-
-impl<O: Out> HasXY<O::Unit> for O {
-    // X coordinate of output area
-    #[inline] fn x (&self) -> O::Unit { self.area().x() }
-    // Y coordinate of output area
-    #[inline] fn y (&self) -> O::Unit { self.area().y() }
-}
-
-impl<N: Coord> HasWH<N> for WH<N> {
-    fn w (&self) -> N { self.0 }
-    fn h (&self) -> N { self.1 }
-}
-
-impl<N: Coord> HasWH<N> for XYWH<N> {
-    fn w (&self) -> N { self.2 }
-    fn h (&self) -> N { self.3 }
-}
-
-impl<O: Out> HasWH<O::Unit> for O {
-    // Width of output area
-    #[inline] fn w (&self) -> O::Unit { self.area().w() }
-    // Height of output area
-    #[inline] fn h (&self) -> O::Unit { self.area().h() }
-}
-
-impl<N: Coord> WH<N> {
-    pub fn clip_w (&self, w: N) -> [N;2] { [self.w().min(w), self.h()] }
-    pub fn clip_h (&self, h: N) -> [N;2] { [self.w(), self.h().min(h)] }
-    pub fn expect_min (&self, w: N, h: N) -> Usually<&Self> {
-        if self.w() < w || self.h() < h { return Err(format!("min {w}x{h}").into()) }
-        Ok(self)
-    }
-}
-impl<N: Coord> XYWH<N> {
-    pub fn zero () -> Self {
-        Self(0.into(), 0.into(), 0.into(), 0.into())
-    }
-    pub fn x2 (&self) -> N {
-        self.x().plus(self.w())
-    }
-    pub fn y2 (&self) -> N {
-        self.y().plus(self.h())
-    }
-    pub fn with_w (&self, w: N) -> XYWH<N> {
-        Self(self.x(), self.y(), w, self.h())
-    }
-    pub fn with_h (&self, h: N) -> XYWH<N> {
-        Self(self.x(), self.y(), self.w(), h)
-    }
-    pub fn lrtb (&self) -> [N;4] {
-        [self.x(), self.x2(), self.y(), self.y2()]
-    }
-    pub fn clipped_w (&self, w: N) -> XYWH<N> {
-        Self(self.x(), self.y(), self.w().min(w), self.h())
-    }
-    pub fn clipped_h (&self, h: N) -> XYWH<N> {
-        Self(self.x(), self.y(), self.w(), self.h().min(h))
-    }
-    pub fn clipped (&self, wh: WH<N>) -> XYWH<N> {
-        Self(self.x(), self.y(), wh.w(), wh.h())
-    }
-    /// Iterate over every covered X coordinate.
-    pub fn iter_x (&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = N> where N: std::iter::Step {
-        let Self(x, _, w, _) = *self;
-        x..(x+w)
-    }
-    /// Iterate over every covered Y coordinate.
-    pub fn iter_y (&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = N> where N: std::iter::Step {
-        let Self(_, y, _, h) = *self;
-        y..(y+h)
-    }
-    pub fn center (&self) -> XY<N> {
-        let Self(x, y, w, h) = self;
-        XY(self.x().plus(self.w()/2.into()), self.y().plus(self.h()/2.into()))
-    }
-    pub fn centered (&self) -> XY<N> {
-        let Self(x, y, w, h) = *self;
-        XY(x.minus(w/2.into()), y.minus(h/2.into()))
-    }
-    pub fn centered_x (&self, n: N) -> XYWH<N> {
-        let Self(x, y, w, h) = *self;
-        XYWH((x.plus(w / 2.into())).minus(n / 2.into()), y.plus(h / 2.into()), n, 1.into())
-    }
-    pub fn centered_y (&self, n: N) -> XYWH<N> {
-        let Self(x, y, w, h) = *self;
-        XYWH(x.plus(w / 2.into()), (y.plus(h / 2.into())).minus(n / 2.into()), 1.into(), n)
-    }
-    pub fn centered_xy (&self, [n, m]: [N;2]) -> XYWH<N> {
-        let Self(x, y, w, h) = *self;
-        XYWH((x.plus(w / 2.into())).minus(n / 2.into()), (y.plus(h / 2.into())).minus(m / 2.into()), n, m)
-    }
-}
-
-impl<O: Out, T: Draw<O> + Layout<O>> Content<O> for T {}
-
-impl<'a, O: Out> AsRef<dyn Draw<O> + 'a> for dyn Content<O> + 'a {
-    fn as_ref (&self) -> &(dyn Draw<O> + 'a) { self }
-}
-
-impl<'a, O: Out> AsRef<dyn Layout<O> + 'a> for dyn Content<O> + 'a {
-    fn as_ref (&self) -> &(dyn Layout<O> + 'a) { self }
-}
-
-impl<O: Out> Draw<O> for () {
-    fn draw (&self, _: &mut O) {}
-}
-
-impl<O: Out> Draw<O> for fn(&mut O) {
-    fn draw (&self, to: &mut O) { (*self)(to) }
-}
-
-impl<O: Out> Draw<O> for Box<dyn Draw<O>> {
-    fn draw (&self, to: &mut O) { (**self).draw(to) }
-}
-
-impl<O: Out, D: Draw<O>> Draw<O> for &D {
-    fn draw (&self, to: &mut O) { (*self).draw(to) }
-}
-
-impl<O: Out, D: Draw<O>> Draw<O> for &mut D {
-    fn draw (&self, to: &mut O) { (**self).draw(to) }
-}
-
-impl<O: Out, D: Draw<O>> Draw<O> for Arc<D> {
-    fn draw (&self, to: &mut O) { (**self).draw(to) }
-}
-
-impl<O: Out, D: Draw<O>> Draw<O> for RwLock<D> {
-    fn draw (&self, to: &mut O) { self.read().unwrap().draw(to) }
-}
-
-impl<O: Out, D: Draw<O>> Draw<O> for Option<D> {
-    fn draw (&self, to: &mut O) { if let Some(draw) = self { draw.draw(to) } }
-}
-
-//impl<O: Out, T: HasContent<O>> Draw<O> for T {
-    //fn draw (&self, to: &mut O) {
-        //let area = to.area();
-        //*to.area_mut() = self.0;
-        //self.content().draw(to);
-        //*to.area_mut() = area;
-    //}
-//}
-
-impl<O: Out, T: Content<O>, F: Fn()->T> Lazy<O, T, F> {
-    pub const fn new (thunk: F) -> Self { Self(thunk, PhantomData) }
-}
-
-impl<O: Out, F: Fn(&mut O)> Thunk<O, F> {
-    pub const fn new (draw: F) -> Self { Self(PhantomData, draw) }
-}
-
-impl<O: Out, F: Fn(&mut O)> Layout<O> for Thunk<O, F> {}
-
-impl<O: Out, F: Fn(&mut O)> Draw<O> for Thunk<O, F> {
-    fn draw (&self, to: &mut O) {
-        (self.1)(to)
-    }
-}
-
-impl<T: PartialEq, U> Memo<T, U> {
-    pub fn new (value: T, view: U) -> Self { Self { value, view: Arc::new(view.into()) } }
-    pub fn update <R> (&mut self, newval: T, draw: impl Fn(&mut U, &T, &T)->R) -> Option<R> {
-        if newval != self.value {
-            let result = draw(&mut*self.view.write().unwrap(), &newval, &self.value);
-            self.value = newval;
-            return Some(result);
-        }
-        None
-    }
-}
-
-impl Direction {
-    pub fn split_fixed <N: Coord> (self, area: XYWH<N>, a: N) -> (XYWH<N>, XYWH<N>) {
-        let XYWH(x, y, w, h) = area;
-        match self {
-            North => (XYWH(x, y.plus(h).minus(a), w, a), XYWH(x, y, w, h.minus(a))),
-            South => (XYWH(x, y, w, a),                  XYWH(x, y.plus(a), w, h.minus(a))),
-            East  => (XYWH(x, y, a, h),                  XYWH(x.plus(a), y, w.minus(a), h)),
-            West  => (XYWH(x.plus(w).minus(a), y, a, h), XYWH(x, y, w.minus(a), h)),
-            Above | Below => (area, area)
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl<E: Out, T: Has<Measure<E>>> Measured<E> for T {
-    fn measure (&self) -> &Measure<E> {
-        self.get()
-    }
-}
-
-impl<O: Out> Clone for Measure<O> {
-    fn clone (&self) -> Self {
-        Self { __: Default::default(), x: self.x.clone(), y: self.y.clone(), }
-    }
-}
-
-impl<O: Out> Layout<O> for Measure<O> {}
-
-impl<O: Out> PartialEq for Measure<O> {
-    fn eq (&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
-        self.x.load(Relaxed) == other.x.load(Relaxed) &&
-            self.y.load(Relaxed) == other.y.load(Relaxed)
-    }
-}
-
-// TODO: 🡘  🡙 ←🡙→ indicator to expand window when too small
-impl<O: Out> Draw<O> for Measure<O> {
-    fn draw (&self, to: &mut O) {
-        self.x.store(to.area().w().into(), Relaxed);
-        self.y.store(to.area().h().into(), Relaxed);
-    }
-}
-
-impl<O: Out> Debug for Measure<O> {
-    fn fmt (&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::result::Result<(), std::fmt::Error> {
-        f.debug_struct("Measure").field("width",  &self.x).field("height", &self.y).finish()
-    }
-}
-
-impl<O: Out> Measure<O> {
-    pub fn set_w (&self, w: impl Into<usize>) -> &Self { self.x.store(w.into(), Relaxed); self }
-    pub fn set_h (&self, h: impl Into<usize>) -> &Self { self.y.store(h.into(), Relaxed); self }
-    pub fn set_wh (&self, w: impl Into<usize>, h: impl Into<usize>) -> &Self { self.set_w(w); self.set_h(h); self }
-    pub fn format (&self) -> Arc<str> { format!("{}x{}", self.w(), self.h()).into() }
-    pub fn of <T: Draw<O>> (&self, item: T) -> Bsp<Fill<&Self>, T> { Bsp::b(Fill::XY(self), item) }
-    pub fn new (x: O::Unit, y: O::Unit) -> Self {
-        Self { __: PhantomData::default(), x: Arc::new(x.atomic()), y: Arc::new(y.atomic()), }
-    }
-}
-
-/// FIXME don't convert to u16 specifically
-impl<O: Out> HasWH<O::Unit> for Measure<O> {
-    fn w (&self) -> O::Unit { (self.x.load(Relaxed) as u16).into() }
-    fn h (&self) -> O::Unit { (self.y.load(Relaxed) as u16).into() }
-}
-impl<O: Out> From<WH<O::Unit>> for Measure<O> {
-    fn from (WH(x, y): WH<O::Unit>) -> Self { Self::new(x, y) }
-}
-
-impl<O: Out> Layout<O> for () {
-    fn layout_x      (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { a.x() }
-    fn layout_y      (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { a.y() }
-    fn layout_w      (&self, _: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { 0.into() }
-    fn layout_w_min  (&self, _: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { 0.into() }
-    fn layout_w_max  (&self, _: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { 0.into() }
-    fn layout_h      (&self, _: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { 0.into() }
-    fn layout_h_min  (&self, _: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { 0.into() }
-    fn layout_h_max  (&self, _: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { 0.into() }
-    fn layout (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> XYWH<O::Unit> { XYWH(a.x(), a.y(), 0.into(), 0.into()) }
-}
-
-impl<O: Out, L: Layout<O>> Layout<O> for &L {
-    fn layout_x      (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (*self).layout_x(a) }
-    fn layout_y      (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (*self).layout_y(a) }
-    fn layout_w      (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (*self).layout_w(a) }
-    fn layout_w_min  (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (*self).layout_w_min(a) }
-    fn layout_w_max  (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (*self).layout_w_max(a) }
-    fn layout_h      (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (*self).layout_h(a) }
-    fn layout_h_min  (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (*self).layout_h_min(a) }
-    fn layout_h_max  (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (*self).layout_h_max(a) }
-    fn layout (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> XYWH<O::Unit> { (*self).layout(a) }
-}
-
-impl<O: Out, L: Layout<O>> Layout<O> for &mut L {
-    fn layout_x      (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_x(a) }
-    fn layout_y      (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_y(a) }
-    fn layout_w      (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_w(a) }
-    fn layout_w_min  (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_w_min(a) }
-    fn layout_w_max  (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_w_max(a) }
-    fn layout_h      (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_h(a) }
-    fn layout_h_min  (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_h_min(a) }
-    fn layout_h_max  (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_h_max(a) }
-    fn layout (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> XYWH<O::Unit> { (**self).layout(a) }
-}
-
-impl<O: Out, L: Layout<O>> Layout<O> for Arc<L> {
-    fn layout_x      (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_x(a) }
-    fn layout_y      (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_y(a) }
-    fn layout_w      (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_w(a) }
-    fn layout_w_min  (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_w_min(a) }
-    fn layout_w_max  (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_w_max(a) }
-    fn layout_h      (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_h(a) }
-    fn layout_h_min  (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_h_min(a) }
-    fn layout_h_max  (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_h_max(a) }
-    fn layout (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> XYWH<O::Unit> { (**self).layout(a) }
-}
-
-impl<O: Out> Layout<O> for Box<dyn Layout<O>> {
-    fn layout_x      (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_x(a) }
-    fn layout_y      (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_y(a) }
-    fn layout_w      (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_w(a) }
-    fn layout_w_min  (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_w_min(a) }
-    fn layout_w_max  (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_w_max(a) }
-    fn layout_h      (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_h(a) }
-    fn layout_h_min  (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_h_min(a) }
-    fn layout_h_max  (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { (**self).layout_h_max(a) }
-    fn layout (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> XYWH<O::Unit> { (**self).layout(a) }
-}
-
-impl<O: Out, L: Layout<O>> Layout<O> for RwLock<L> {
-    fn layout_x      (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { self.read().unwrap().layout_x(a) }
-    fn layout_y      (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { self.read().unwrap().layout_y(a) }
-    fn layout_w      (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { self.read().unwrap().layout_w(a) }
-    fn layout_w_min  (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { self.read().unwrap().layout_w_min(a) }
-    fn layout_w_max  (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { self.read().unwrap().layout_w_max(a) }
-    fn layout_h      (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { self.read().unwrap().layout_h(a) }
-    fn layout_h_min  (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { self.read().unwrap().layout_h_min(a) }
-    fn layout_h_max  (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { self.read().unwrap().layout_h_max(a) }
-    fn layout (&self, a: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> XYWH<O::Unit> { self.read().unwrap().layout(a) }
-}
-
-impl<O: Out, L: Layout<O>> Layout<O> for Option<L> {
-    fn layout_x      (&self, to: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { self.as_ref().map(|c|c.layout_x(to)).unwrap_or(to.x()) }
-    fn layout_y      (&self, to: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { self.as_ref().map(|c|c.layout_y(to)).unwrap_or(to.y()) }
-    fn layout_w_min  (&self, to: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { self.as_ref().map(|c|c.layout_w_min(to)).unwrap_or(0.into()) }
-    fn layout_w_max  (&self, to: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { self.as_ref().map(|c|c.layout_w_max(to)).unwrap_or(0.into()) }
-    fn layout_w      (&self, to: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { self.as_ref().map(|c|c.layout_w(to)).unwrap_or(0.into()) }
-    fn layout_h_min  (&self, to: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { self.as_ref().map(|c|c.layout_h_min(to)).unwrap_or(0.into()) }
-    fn layout_h_max  (&self, to: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { self.as_ref().map(|c|c.layout_h_max(to)).unwrap_or(0.into()) }
-    fn layout_h      (&self, to: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { self.as_ref().map(|c|c.layout_h(to)).unwrap_or(0.into()) }
-    fn layout (&self, to: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> XYWH<O::Unit> {
-        let xywh = XYWH(self.layout_x(to), self.layout_y(to), self.layout_w(to), self.layout_h(to));
-        self.as_ref().map(|c|c.layout(xywh)).unwrap_or(XYWH(to.x(), to.y(), 0.into(), 0.into()))
-    }
-}
-
-impl<O: Out, D: Content<O>> HasContent<O> for Bounded<O, D> {
-    fn content (&self) -> impl Content<O> {
-        &self.1
-    }
-}
-
-impl<O: Out, T: Draw<O>> Draw<O> for Bounded<O, T> {
-    fn draw (&self, to: &mut O) {
-        let area = to.area();
-        *to.area_mut() = self.0;
-        self.1.draw(to);
-        *to.area_mut() = area;
-    }
-}
-
-impl<O: Out, T: Content<O>> When<O, T> {
-    /// Create a binary condition.
-    pub const fn new (c: bool, a: T) -> Self { Self(c, a, PhantomData) }
-}
-
-impl<O: Out, T: Layout<O>> Layout<O> for When<O, T> {
-    fn layout (&self, to: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> XYWH<O::Unit> {
-        let Self(cond, item, ..) = self;
-        if *cond { item.layout(to) } else { XYWH::<O::Unit>::zero().into() }
-    }
-}
-
-impl<O: Out, T: Content<O>> Draw<O> for When<O, T> {
-    fn draw (&self, to: &mut O) {
-        let Self(cond, item, ..) = self;
-        if *cond { Bounded(self.layout(to.area()), item).draw(to) }
-    }
-}
-
-impl<E: Out, A: Content<E>, B: Content<E>> Either<E, A, B> {
-    /// Create a ternary view condition.
-    pub const fn new (c: bool, a: A, b: B) -> Self {
-        Self(c, a, b, PhantomData)
-    }
-}
-
-impl<E: Out, A: Layout<E>, B: Layout<E>> Layout<E> for Either<E, A, B> {
-    fn layout (&self, to: XYWH<E::Unit>) -> XYWH<E::Unit> {
-        let Self(cond, a, b, ..) = self;
-        if *cond { a.layout(to) } else { b.layout(to) }
-    }
-}
-
-impl<E: Out, A: Content<E>, B: Content<E>> Draw<E> for Either<E, A, B> {
-    fn draw (&self, to: &mut E) {
-        let Self(cond, a, b, ..) = self;
-        let area = self.layout(to.area());
-        if *cond { Bounded(area, a).draw(to) } else { Bounded(area, b).draw(to) }
-    }
-}
-
 push_pull!(Push: plus);
-
 push_pull!(Pull: minus);
 
 layout_op_xy!(0: Fill);
@@ -785,6 +629,40 @@ impl<'a, O, A, B, I, F, G> Map<O, A, B, I, F, G> where
     }
 }
 
+macro_rules! impl_map_direction (($name:ident, $axis:ident, $align:ident)=>{
+    impl<'a, O, A, B, I, F> Map<
+        O, A, Push<O::Unit, Align<Fixed<O::Unit, Fill<B>>>>, I, F, fn(A, usize)->B
+    > where
+        O: Out,
+        B: Draw<O>,
+        I: Iterator<Item = A> + Send + Sync + 'a,
+        F: Fn() -> I + Send + Sync + 'a
+    {
+        pub const fn $name (
+            size:     O::Unit,
+            get_iter: F,
+            get_item: impl Fn(A, usize)->B + Send + Sync
+        ) -> Map<
+            O, A,
+            Push<O::Unit, Align<Fixed<O::Unit, B>>>,
+            I, F,
+            impl Fn(A, usize)->Push<O::Unit, Align<Fixed<O::Unit, B>>> + Send + Sync
+        > {
+            Map {
+                __: PhantomData,
+                get_iter,
+                get_item: move |item: A, index: usize|{
+                    // FIXME: multiply
+                    let mut push: O::Unit = O::Unit::from(0u16);
+                    for _ in 0..index {
+                        push = push + size;
+                    }
+                    Push::$axis(push, Align::$align(Fixed::$axis(size, get_item(item, index))))
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+});
 impl_map_direction!(east,  X, w);
 impl_map_direction!(south, Y, n);
 impl_map_direction!(west,  X, e);
@@ -837,85 +715,6 @@ impl<'a, O, A, B, I, F, G> Draw<O> for Map<O, A, B, I, F, G> where
     }
 }
 
-impl Tryptich<(), (), ()> {
-    pub fn center (h: u16) -> Self {
-        Self { h, top: false, left: (0, ()), middle: (0, ()), right: (0, ()) }
-    }
-    pub fn top (h: u16) -> Self {
-        Self { h, top: true, left: (0, ()), middle: (0, ()), right: (0, ()) }
-    }
-}
-
-impl<A, B, C> Tryptich<A, B, C> {
-    pub fn left <D> (self, w: u16, content: D) -> Tryptich<D, B, C> {
-        Tryptich { left: (w, content), ..self }
-    }
-    pub fn middle <D> (self, w: u16, content: D) -> Tryptich<A, D, C> {
-        Tryptich { middle: (w, content), ..self }
-    }
-    pub fn right <D> (self, w: u16, content: D) -> Tryptich<A, B, D> {
-        Tryptich { right: (w, content), ..self }
-    }
-}
-
-impl<O: Out, Color, Item: Layout<O>> Layout<O> for Foreground<Color, Item> {
-    fn layout (&self, to: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> XYWH<O::Unit> { self.1.layout(to) }
-}
-
-impl<O: Out, Color, Item: Layout<O>> Layout<O> for Background<Color, Item> {
-    fn layout (&self, to: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> XYWH<O::Unit> { self.1.layout(to) }
-}
-
-impl<O: Out, T, L: Content<O>, V: Content<O>> HasContent<O> for FieldH<T, L, V> {
-    fn content (&self) -> impl Content<O> { Bsp::e(&self.1, &self.2) }
-}
-
-impl<O: Out, T, L: Content<O>, V: Content<O>> Layout<O> for FieldH<T, L, V> {
-    fn layout (&self, to: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> XYWH<O::Unit> { self.content().layout(to) }
-}
-
-impl<O: Out, T, L: Content<O>, V: Content<O>> Draw<O> for FieldH<T, L, V> {
-    fn draw (&self, to: &mut O) { self.content().draw(to) }
-}
-
-impl<O: Out, T, L: Content<O>, V: Content<O>> HasContent<O> for FieldV<T, L, V> {
-    fn content (&self) -> impl Content<O> { Bsp::s(&self.1, &self.2) }
-}
-
-impl<O: Out, T, L: Content<O>, V: Content<O>> Layout<O> for FieldV<T, L, V> {
-    fn layout (&self, to: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> XYWH<O::Unit> { self.content().layout(to) }
-}
-
-impl<O: Out, T, L: Content<O>, V: Content<O>> Draw<O> for FieldV<T, L, V> {
-    fn draw (&self, to: &mut O) { self.content().draw(to) }
-}
-
-impl<O: Out, S: Layout<O>> Layout<O> for Border<S> {
-    fn layout (&self, area: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> XYWH<O::Unit> {
-        self.1.layout(area)
-    }
-}
-
-impl<C, T, U> Field<C, T, U> {
-    pub fn new (direction: Direction) -> Field<C, (), ()> {
-        Field::<C, (), ()> {
-            direction,
-            label: None, label_fg: None, label_bg: None, label_align: None,
-            value: None, value_fg: None, value_bg: None, value_align: None,
-        }
-    }
-    pub fn label <L> (
-        self, label: Option<L>, align: Option<Direction>, fg: Option<C>, bg: Option<C>
-    ) -> Field<C, L, U> {
-        Field::<C, L, U> { label, label_fg: fg, label_bg: bg, label_align: align, ..self }
-    }
-    pub fn value <V> (
-        self, value: Option<V>, align: Option<Direction>, fg: Option<C>, bg: Option<C>
-    ) -> Field<C, T, V> {
-        Field::<C, T, V> { value, value_fg: fg, value_bg: bg, value_align: align, ..self }
-    }
-}
-
 impl Default for PerfModel {
     fn default () -> Self {
         Self {
@@ -964,349 +763,491 @@ impl PerfModel {
     }
 }
 
-impl Tui {
-    pub fn new (output: Box<dyn Write + Send + Sync>) -> Usually<Self> {
-        let backend = CrosstermBackend::new(output);
-        let Size { width, height } = backend.size()?;
-        Ok(Self {
-            exited:  Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false)),
-            buffer:  Buffer::empty(Rect { x: 0, y: 0, width, height }),
-            area:    [0, 0, width, height],
-            perf:    Default::default(),
-            backend,
-        })
+mod xywh {
+    use crate::*;
+    impl<N: Coord> HasXY<N> for XY<N> {
+        fn x (&self) -> N { self.0 }
+        fn y (&self) -> N { self.1 }
     }
-    /// Create and launch a terminal user interface.
-    pub fn run <T> (self, join: bool, state: &Arc<RwLock<T>>) -> Usually<Arc<RwLock<Self>>> where
-        T: Handle<TuiIn> + Draw<TuiOut> + Send + Sync + 'static
-    {
-        let tui = Arc::new(RwLock::new(self));
-        let _input_thread = tui_input(tui.clone(), state, Duration::from_millis(100));
-        tui.write().unwrap().setup()?;
-        let render_thread = tui_output(tui.clone(), state, Duration::from_millis(10))?;
-        if join {
-            match render_thread.join() {
-                Ok(result) => {
-                    tui.write().unwrap().teardown()?;
-                    println!("\n\rRan successfully: {result:?}\n\r");
-                },
-                Err(error) => {
-                    tui.write().unwrap().teardown()?;
-                    panic!("\n\rDraw thread failed: error={error:?}.\n\r")
-                },
+    impl<N: Coord> HasXY<N> for XYWH<N> {
+        fn x (&self) -> N { self.0 }
+        fn y (&self) -> N { self.1 }
+    }
+    impl<O: Out> HasXY<O::Unit> for O {
+        // X coordinate of output area
+        #[inline] fn x (&self) -> O::Unit { self.area().x() }
+        // Y coordinate of output area
+        #[inline] fn y (&self) -> O::Unit { self.area().y() }
+    }
+    impl<N: Coord> HasWH<N> for WH<N> {
+        fn w (&self) -> N { self.0 }
+        fn h (&self) -> N { self.1 }
+    }
+    impl<N: Coord> HasWH<N> for XYWH<N> {
+        fn w (&self) -> N { self.2 }
+        fn h (&self) -> N { self.3 }
+    }
+    impl<O: Out> HasWH<O::Unit> for O {
+        // Width of output area
+        #[inline] fn w (&self) -> O::Unit { self.area().w() }
+        // Height of output area
+        #[inline] fn h (&self) -> O::Unit { self.area().h() }
+    }
+    impl<N: Coord> WH<N> {
+        pub fn clip_w (&self, w: N) -> [N;2] { [self.w().min(w), self.h()] }
+        pub fn clip_h (&self, h: N) -> [N;2] { [self.w(), self.h().min(h)] }
+        pub fn expect_min (&self, w: N, h: N) -> Usually<&Self> {
+            if self.w() < w || self.h() < h { return Err(format!("min {w}x{h}").into()) }
+            Ok(self)
+        }
+    }
+    impl<N: Coord> XYWH<N> {
+        pub fn zero () -> Self {
+            Self(0.into(), 0.into(), 0.into(), 0.into())
+        }
+        pub fn x2 (&self) -> N {
+            self.x().plus(self.w())
+        }
+        pub fn y2 (&self) -> N {
+            self.y().plus(self.h())
+        }
+        pub fn with_w (&self, w: N) -> XYWH<N> {
+            Self(self.x(), self.y(), w, self.h())
+        }
+        pub fn with_h (&self, h: N) -> XYWH<N> {
+            Self(self.x(), self.y(), self.w(), h)
+        }
+        pub fn lrtb (&self) -> [N;4] {
+            [self.x(), self.x2(), self.y(), self.y2()]
+        }
+        pub fn clipped_w (&self, w: N) -> XYWH<N> {
+            Self(self.x(), self.y(), self.w().min(w), self.h())
+        }
+        pub fn clipped_h (&self, h: N) -> XYWH<N> {
+            Self(self.x(), self.y(), self.w(), self.h().min(h))
+        }
+        pub fn clipped (&self, wh: WH<N>) -> XYWH<N> {
+            Self(self.x(), self.y(), wh.w(), wh.h())
+        }
+        /// Iterate over every covered X coordinate.
+        pub fn iter_x (&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = N> where N: std::iter::Step {
+            let Self(x, _, w, _) = *self;
+            x..(x+w)
+        }
+        /// Iterate over every covered Y coordinate.
+        pub fn iter_y (&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = N> where N: std::iter::Step {
+            let Self(_, y, _, h) = *self;
+            y..(y+h)
+        }
+        pub fn center (&self) -> XY<N> {
+            let Self(x, y, w, h) = self;
+            XY(self.x().plus(self.w()/2.into()), self.y().plus(self.h()/2.into()))
+        }
+        pub fn centered (&self) -> XY<N> {
+            let Self(x, y, w, h) = *self;
+            XY(x.minus(w/2.into()), y.minus(h/2.into()))
+        }
+        pub fn centered_x (&self, n: N) -> XYWH<N> {
+            let Self(x, y, w, h) = *self;
+            XYWH((x.plus(w / 2.into())).minus(n / 2.into()), y.plus(h / 2.into()), n, 1.into())
+        }
+        pub fn centered_y (&self, n: N) -> XYWH<N> {
+            let Self(x, y, w, h) = *self;
+            XYWH(x.plus(w / 2.into()), (y.plus(h / 2.into())).minus(n / 2.into()), 1.into(), n)
+        }
+        pub fn centered_xy (&self, [n, m]: [N;2]) -> XYWH<N> {
+            let Self(x, y, w, h) = *self;
+            XYWH((x.plus(w / 2.into())).minus(n / 2.into()), (y.plus(h / 2.into())).minus(m / 2.into()), n, m)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "tui")] pub use self::tui_impls::*;
+#[cfg(feature = "tui")] mod tui_impls {
+    use crate::*;
+    use unicode_width::{UnicodeWidthStr, UnicodeWidthChar};
+    use rand::distributions::uniform::UniformSampler;
+    impl Coord for u16 { fn plus (self, other: Self) -> Self { self.saturating_add(other) } }
+    from!(BigBuffer: |size:(usize, usize)| Self::new(size.0, size.1));
+    from!(ItemTheme: |base: ItemColor|     Self::from_item_color(base));
+    from!(ItemTheme: |base: Color|       Self::from_tui_color(base));
+    from!(ItemColor: |rgb: Color|        Self { rgb, okhsl: rgb_to_okhsl(rgb) });
+    from!(ItemColor: |okhsl: Okhsl<f32>| Self { okhsl, rgb: okhsl_to_rgb(okhsl) });
+    impl_debug!(BigBuffer |self, f| { write!(f, "[BB {}x{} ({})]", self.width, self.height, self.content.len()) });
+    impl Tui {
+        pub fn new (output: Box<dyn Write + Send + Sync>) -> Usually<Self> {
+            let backend = CrosstermBackend::new(output);
+            let Size { width, height } = backend.size()?;
+            Ok(Self {
+                exited:  Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false)),
+                buffer:  Buffer::empty(Rect { x: 0, y: 0, width, height }),
+                area:    [0, 0, width, height],
+                perf:    Default::default(),
+                backend,
+            })
+        }
+        /// Create and launch a terminal user interface.
+        pub fn run <T> (self, join: bool, state: &Arc<RwLock<T>>) -> Usually<Arc<RwLock<Self>>> where
+            T: Handle<TuiIn> + Draw<TuiOut> + Send + Sync + 'static
+        {
+            let tui = Arc::new(RwLock::new(self));
+            let _input_thread = tui_input(tui.clone(), state, Duration::from_millis(100));
+            tui.write().unwrap().setup()?;
+            let render_thread = tui_output(tui.clone(), state, Duration::from_millis(10))?;
+            if join {
+                match render_thread.join() {
+                    Ok(result) => {
+                        tui.write().unwrap().teardown()?;
+                        println!("\n\rRan successfully: {result:?}\n\r");
+                    },
+                    Err(error) => {
+                        tui.write().unwrap().teardown()?;
+                        panic!("\n\rDraw thread failed: error={error:?}.\n\r")
+                    },
+                }
+            }
+            Ok(tui)
+        }
+        /// True if done
+        pub fn exited (&self) -> bool { self.exited.fetch_and(true, Relaxed) }
+        /// Prepare before run
+        pub fn setup (&mut self) -> Usually<()> { tui_setup(&mut self.backend) }
+        /// Clean up after run
+        pub fn teardown (&mut self) -> Usually<()> { tui_teardown(&mut self.backend) }
+        /// Apply changes to the display buffer.
+        pub fn flip (&mut self, mut buffer: Buffer, size: ratatui::prelude::Rect) -> Buffer {
+            tui_resized(&mut self.backend, &mut self.buffer, size);
+            tui_redrawn(&mut self.backend, &mut self.buffer, &mut buffer);
+            buffer
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl Input for TuiIn {
+        type Event = TuiEvent;
+        type Handled = bool;
+        fn event (&self) -> &TuiEvent { &self.event }
+    }
+
+    impl Done for TuiIn {
+        fn done (&self) { self.exited.store(true, Relaxed); }
+        fn is_done (&self) -> bool { self.exited.fetch_and(true, Relaxed) }
+    }
+
+    impl Ord for TuiEvent {
+        fn cmp (&self, other: &Self) -> std::cmp::Ordering {
+            self.partial_cmp(other)
+                .unwrap_or_else(||format!("{:?}", self).cmp(&format!("{other:?}"))) // FIXME perf
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl TuiEvent {
+        pub fn from_crossterm (event: Event) -> Self { Self(event) }
+        #[cfg(feature = "dsl")] pub fn from_dsl (dsl: impl Language) -> Perhaps<Self> {
+            Ok(TuiKey::from_dsl(dsl)?.to_crossterm().map(Self))
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl From<Event> for TuiEvent {
+        fn from (e: Event) -> Self {
+            Self(e)
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl From<char> for TuiEvent {
+        fn from (c: char) -> Self {
+            Self(Event::Key(KeyEvent::new(KeyCode::Char(c), KeyModifiers::NONE)))
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl TuiKey {
+        const SPLIT: char = '/';
+        #[cfg(feature = "dsl")] pub fn from_dsl (dsl: impl Language) -> Usually<Self> {
+            if let Some(word) = dsl.word()? {
+                let word = word.trim();
+                Ok(if word == ":char" {
+                    Self(None, KeyModifiers::NONE)
+                } else if word.chars().nth(0) == Some('@') {
+                    let mut key       = None;
+                    let mut modifiers = KeyModifiers::NONE;
+                    let mut tokens    = word[1..].split(Self::SPLIT).peekable();
+                    while let Some(token) = tokens.next() {
+                        if tokens.peek().is_some() {
+                            match token {
+                                "ctrl"  | "Ctrl"  | "c" | "C" => modifiers |= KeyModifiers::CONTROL,
+                                "alt"   | "Alt"   | "m" | "M" => modifiers |= KeyModifiers::ALT,
+                                "shift" | "Shift" | "s" | "S" => {
+                                    modifiers |= KeyModifiers::SHIFT;
+                                    // + TODO normalize character case, BackTab, etc.
+                                },
+                                _ => panic!("unknown modifier {token}"),
+                            }
+                        } else {
+                            key = if token.len() == 1 {
+                                Some(KeyCode::Char(token.chars().next().unwrap()))
+                            } else {
+                                Some(named_key(token).unwrap_or_else(||panic!("unknown character {token}")))
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    Self(key, modifiers)
+                } else {
+                    return Err(format!("TuiKey: unexpected: {word}").into())
+                })
+            } else {
+                return Err(format!("TuiKey: unspecified").into())
             }
         }
-        Ok(tui)
+        pub fn to_crossterm (&self) -> Option<Event> {
+            self.0.map(|code|Event::Key(KeyEvent {
+                code,
+                modifiers: self.1,
+                kind:  KeyEventKind::Press,
+                state: KeyEventState::NONE,
+            }))
+        }
     }
-    /// True if done
-    pub fn exited (&self) -> bool { self.exited.fetch_and(true, Relaxed) }
-    /// Prepare before run
-    pub fn setup (&mut self) -> Usually<()> { tui_setup(&mut self.backend) }
-    /// Clean up after run
-    pub fn teardown (&mut self) -> Usually<()> { tui_teardown(&mut self.backend) }
-    /// Apply changes to the display buffer.
-    pub fn flip (&mut self, mut buffer: Buffer, size: ratatui::prelude::Rect) -> Buffer {
-        tui_resized(&mut self.backend, &mut self.buffer, size);
-        tui_redrawn(&mut self.backend, &mut self.buffer, &mut buffer);
-        buffer
+
+    impl Out for TuiOut {
+        type Unit = u16;
+        #[inline] fn area (&self) -> XYWH<u16> { self.area }
+        #[inline] fn area_mut (&mut self) -> &mut XYWH<u16> { &mut self.area }
+        #[inline] fn place_at <'t, T: Draw<Self> + ?Sized> (&mut self, area: XYWH<u16>, content: &'t T) {
+            let last = self.area();
+            *self.area_mut() = area;
+            content.draw(self);
+            *self.area_mut() = last;
+        }
     }
-}
-impl Input for TuiIn {
-    type Event = TuiEvent;
-    type Handled = bool;
-    fn event (&self) -> &TuiEvent { &self.event }
-}
-impl Done for TuiIn {
-    fn done (&self) { self.exited.store(true, Relaxed); }
-    fn is_done (&self) -> bool { self.exited.fetch_and(true, Relaxed) }
-}
-impl Ord for TuiEvent {
-    fn cmp (&self, other: &Self) -> std::cmp::Ordering {
-        self.partial_cmp(other)
-            .unwrap_or_else(||format!("{:?}", self).cmp(&format!("{other:?}"))) // FIXME perf
+
+    impl TuiOut {
+        #[inline] pub fn with_rect (&mut self, area: XYWH<u16>) -> &mut Self { self.area = area; self }
+        pub fn update    (&mut self, area: XYWH<u16>, callback: &impl Fn(&mut Cell, u16, u16)) { tui_update(&mut self.buffer, area, callback); }
+        pub fn fill_char (&mut self, area: XYWH<u16>, c: char) { self.update(area, &|cell,_,_|{cell.set_char(c);}) }
+        pub fn fill_bg   (&mut self, area: XYWH<u16>, color: Color) { self.update(area, &|cell,_,_|{cell.set_bg(color);}) }
+        pub fn fill_fg   (&mut self, area: XYWH<u16>, color: Color) { self.update(area, &|cell,_,_|{cell.set_fg(color);}) }
+        pub fn fill_mod  (&mut self, area: XYWH<u16>, on: bool, modifier: Modifier) {
+            if on {
+                self.update(area, &|cell,_,_|cell.modifier.insert(modifier))
+            } else {
+                self.update(area, &|cell,_,_|cell.modifier.remove(modifier))
+            }
+        }
+        pub fn fill_bold        (&mut self, area: XYWH<u16>, on: bool) { self.fill_mod(area, on, Modifier::BOLD) }
+        pub fn fill_reversed    (&mut self, area: XYWH<u16>, on: bool) { self.fill_mod(area, on, Modifier::REVERSED) }
+        pub fn fill_crossed_out (&mut self, area: XYWH<u16>, on: bool) { self.fill_mod(area, on, Modifier::CROSSED_OUT) }
+        pub fn fill_ul (&mut self, area: XYWH<u16>, color: Option<Color>) {
+            if let Some(color) = color {
+                self.update(area, &|cell,_,_|{
+                    cell.modifier.insert(ratatui::prelude::Modifier::UNDERLINED);
+                    cell.underline_color = color;
+                })
+            } else {
+                self.update(area, &|cell,_,_|{
+                    cell.modifier.remove(ratatui::prelude::Modifier::UNDERLINED);
+                })
+            }
+        }
+        pub fn tint_all (&mut self, fg: Color, bg: Color, modifier: Modifier) {
+            for cell in self.buffer.content.iter_mut() {
+                cell.fg = fg;
+                cell.bg = bg;
+                cell.modifier = modifier;
+            }
+        }
+        pub fn blit (&mut self, text: &impl AsRef<str>, x: u16, y: u16, style: Option<Style>) {
+            let text = text.as_ref();
+            let buf = &mut self.buffer;
+            let style = style.unwrap_or(Style::default());
+            if x < buf.area.width && y < buf.area.height {
+                buf.set_string(x, y, text, style);
+            }
+        }
+        /// Write a line of text
+        ///
+        /// TODO: do a paragraph (handle newlines)
+        pub fn text (&mut self, text: &impl AsRef<str>, x0: u16, y: u16, max_width: u16) {
+            let text = text.as_ref();
+            let buf  = &mut self.buffer;
+            let mut string_width: u16 = 0;
+            for character in text.chars() {
+                let x = x0 + string_width;
+                let character_width = character.width().unwrap_or(0) as u16;
+                string_width += character_width;
+                if string_width > max_width {
+                    break
+                }
+                if let Some(cell) = buf.cell_mut(ratatui::prelude::Position { x, y }) {
+                    cell.set_char(character);
+                } else {
+                    break
+                }
+            }
+        }
     }
-}
-impl TuiEvent {
-    pub fn from_crossterm (event: Event) -> Self { Self(event) }
-    #[cfg(feature = "dsl")] pub fn from_dsl (dsl: impl Language) -> Perhaps<Self> {
-        Ok(TuiKey::from_dsl(dsl)?.to_crossterm().map(Self))
+
+    impl BigBuffer {
+        pub fn new (width: usize, height: usize) -> Self {
+            Self { width, height, content: vec![Cell::default(); width*height] }
+        }
+        pub fn get (&self, x: usize, y: usize) -> Option<&Cell> {
+            let i = self.index_of(x, y);
+            self.content.get(i)
+        }
+        pub fn get_mut (&mut self, x: usize, y: usize) -> Option<&mut Cell> {
+            let i = self.index_of(x, y);
+            self.content.get_mut(i)
+        }
+        pub fn index_of (&self, x: usize, y: usize) -> usize {
+            y * self.width + x
+        }
     }
-}
-impl From<Event> for TuiEvent {
-    fn from (e: Event) -> Self {
-        Self(e)
+
+    pub fn tui_setup <W: Write> (
+        backend: &mut CrosstermBackend<W>
+    ) -> Usually<()> {
+        let better_panic_handler = Settings::auto().verbosity(Verbosity::Full).create_panic_handler();
+        std::panic::set_hook(Box::new(move |info: &std::panic::PanicHookInfo|{
+            stdout().execute(LeaveAlternateScreen).unwrap();
+            CrosstermBackend::new(stdout()).show_cursor().unwrap();
+            disable_raw_mode().unwrap();
+            better_panic_handler(info);
+        }));
+        stdout().execute(EnterAlternateScreen)?;
+        backend.hide_cursor()?;
+        enable_raw_mode().map_err(Into::into)
     }
-}
-impl From<char> for TuiEvent {
-    fn from (c: char) -> Self {
-        Self(Event::Key(KeyEvent::new(KeyCode::Char(c), KeyModifiers::NONE)))
+
+    pub fn tui_teardown <W: Write> (backend: &mut CrosstermBackend<W>) -> Usually<()> {
+        stdout().execute(LeaveAlternateScreen)?;
+        backend.show_cursor()?;
+        disable_raw_mode().map_err(Into::into)
     }
-}
-impl TuiKey {
-    const SPLIT: char = '/';
-    #[cfg(feature = "dsl")] pub fn from_dsl (dsl: impl Language) -> Usually<Self> {
-        if let Some(word) = dsl.word()? {
-            let word = word.trim();
-            Ok(if word == ":char" {
-                Self(None, KeyModifiers::NONE)
-            } else if word.chars().nth(0) == Some('@') {
-                let mut key       = None;
-                let mut modifiers = KeyModifiers::NONE;
-                let mut tokens    = word[1..].split(Self::SPLIT).peekable();
-                while let Some(token) = tokens.next() {
-                    if tokens.peek().is_some() {
-                        match token {
-                            "ctrl"  | "Ctrl"  | "c" | "C" => modifiers |= KeyModifiers::CONTROL,
-                            "alt"   | "Alt"   | "m" | "M" => modifiers |= KeyModifiers::ALT,
-                            "shift" | "Shift" | "s" | "S" => {
-                                modifiers |= KeyModifiers::SHIFT;
-                                // + TODO normalize character case, BackTab, etc.
-                            },
-                            _ => panic!("unknown modifier {token}"),
-                        }
-                    } else {
-                        key = if token.len() == 1 {
-                            Some(KeyCode::Char(token.chars().next().unwrap()))
-                        } else {
-                            Some(named_key(token).unwrap_or_else(||panic!("unknown character {token}")))
+
+    pub fn tui_resized <W: Write> (
+        backend: &mut CrosstermBackend<W>,
+        buffer:  &mut Buffer,
+        size:    ratatui::prelude::Rect
+    ) {
+        if buffer.area != size {
+            backend.clear_region(ClearType::All).unwrap();
+            buffer.resize(size);
+            buffer.reset();
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn tui_redrawn <'b, W: Write> (
+        backend: &mut CrosstermBackend<W>,
+        mut prev_buffer: &'b mut Buffer,
+        mut next_buffer: &'b mut Buffer
+    ) {
+        let updates = prev_buffer.diff(&next_buffer);
+        backend.draw(updates.into_iter()).expect("failed to render");
+        Backend::flush(backend).expect("failed to flush output new_buffer");
+        std::mem::swap(&mut prev_buffer, &mut next_buffer);
+        next_buffer.reset();
+    }
+
+    pub fn tui_update (
+        buf: &mut Buffer, area: XYWH<u16>, callback: &impl Fn(&mut Cell, u16, u16)
+    ) {
+        for row in 0..area.h() {
+            let y = area.y() + row;
+            for col in 0..area.w() {
+                let x = area.x() + col;
+                if x < buf.area.width && y < buf.area.height {
+                    if let Some(cell) = buf.cell_mut(ratatui::prelude::Position { x, y }) {
+                        callback(cell, col, row);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Spawn the output thread.
+    pub fn tui_output <T: Draw<TuiOut> + Send + Sync + 'static> (
+        engine: Arc<RwLock<Tui>>, state: &Arc<RwLock<T>>, timer: Duration
+    ) -> Result<JoinHandle<()>, std::io::Error> {
+        let exited = engine.read().unwrap().exited.clone();
+        let engine = engine.clone();
+        let state  = state.clone();
+        let Size { width, height } = engine.read().unwrap().backend.size().expect("get size failed");
+        let mut buffer = Buffer::empty(Rect { x: 0, y: 0, width, height });
+        std::thread::Builder::new()
+            .name("tui output thread".into())
+            .spawn(move || loop {
+                if exited.fetch_and(true, Relaxed) {
+                    break
+                }
+                let t0 = engine.read().unwrap().perf.get_t0();
+                let Size { width, height } = engine.read().unwrap().backend.size()
+                    .expect("get size failed");
+                if let Ok(state) = state.try_read() {
+                    let size = Rect { x: 0, y: 0, width, height };
+                    if buffer.area != size {
+                        engine.write().unwrap().backend.clear_region(ClearType::All).expect("clear failed");
+                        buffer.resize(size);
+                        buffer.reset();
+                    }
+                    let mut output = TuiOut { buffer, area: XYWH(0, 0, width, height) };
+                    state.draw(&mut output);
+                    buffer = engine.write().unwrap().flip(output.buffer, size);
+                }
+                let t1 = (*engine.read().unwrap()).perf.get_t1(t0).unwrap();
+                buffer.set_string(0, 0, &format!("{:>3}.{:>3}ms", t1.as_millis(), t1.as_micros() % 1000), Style::default());
+                std::thread::sleep(timer);
+            })
+    }
+
+    /// Spawn the input thread.
+    pub fn tui_input <T: Handle<TuiIn> + Send + Sync + 'static> (
+        engine: Arc<RwLock<Tui>>, state: &Arc<RwLock<T>>, timer: Duration
+    ) -> JoinHandle<()> {
+        let exited = engine.read().unwrap().exited.clone();
+        let state  = state.clone();
+        spawn(move || loop {
+            if exited.fetch_and(true, Relaxed) {
+                break
+            }
+            if poll(timer).is_ok() {
+                let event = read().unwrap();
+                match event {
+                    Event::Key(KeyEvent {
+                        code:      KeyCode::Char('c'),
+                        modifiers: KeyModifiers::CONTROL,
+                        kind:      KeyEventKind::Press,
+                        state:     KeyEventState::NONE
+                    }) => {
+                        exited.store(true, Relaxed);
+                    },
+                    _ => {
+                        let exited = exited.clone();
+                        let event  = TuiEvent::from_crossterm(event);
+                        if let Err(e) = state.write().unwrap().handle(&TuiIn { exited, event }) {
+                            panic!("{e}")
                         }
                     }
                 }
-                Self(key, modifiers)
-            } else {
-                return Err(format!("TuiKey: unexpected: {word}").into())
-            })
-        } else {
-            return Err(format!("TuiKey: unspecified").into())
-        }
-    }
-    pub fn to_crossterm (&self) -> Option<Event> {
-        self.0.map(|code|Event::Key(KeyEvent {
-            code,
-            modifiers: self.1,
-            kind:  KeyEventKind::Press,
-            state: KeyEventState::NONE,
-        }))
-    }
-}
-impl Out for TuiOut {
-    type Unit = u16;
-    #[inline] fn area (&self) -> XYWH<u16> { self.area }
-    #[inline] fn area_mut (&mut self) -> &mut XYWH<u16> { &mut self.area }
-    #[inline] fn place_at <'t, T: Draw<Self> + ?Sized> (&mut self, area: XYWH<u16>, content: &'t T) {
-        let last = self.area();
-        *self.area_mut() = area;
-        content.draw(self);
-        *self.area_mut() = last;
-    }
-}
-impl TuiOut {
-    #[inline] pub fn with_rect (&mut self, area: XYWH<u16>) -> &mut Self { self.area = area; self }
-    pub fn update    (&mut self, area: XYWH<u16>, callback: &impl Fn(&mut Cell, u16, u16)) { tui_update(&mut self.buffer, area, callback); }
-    pub fn fill_char (&mut self, area: XYWH<u16>, c: char) { self.update(area, &|cell,_,_|{cell.set_char(c);}) }
-    pub fn fill_bg   (&mut self, area: XYWH<u16>, color: Color) { self.update(area, &|cell,_,_|{cell.set_bg(color);}) }
-    pub fn fill_fg   (&mut self, area: XYWH<u16>, color: Color) { self.update(area, &|cell,_,_|{cell.set_fg(color);}) }
-    pub fn fill_mod  (&mut self, area: XYWH<u16>, on: bool, modifier: Modifier) {
-        if on {
-            self.update(area, &|cell,_,_|cell.modifier.insert(modifier))
-        } else {
-            self.update(area, &|cell,_,_|cell.modifier.remove(modifier))
-        }
-    }
-    pub fn fill_bold        (&mut self, area: XYWH<u16>, on: bool) { self.fill_mod(area, on, Modifier::BOLD) }
-    pub fn fill_reversed    (&mut self, area: XYWH<u16>, on: bool) { self.fill_mod(area, on, Modifier::REVERSED) }
-    pub fn fill_crossed_out (&mut self, area: XYWH<u16>, on: bool) { self.fill_mod(area, on, Modifier::CROSSED_OUT) }
-    pub fn fill_ul (&mut self, area: XYWH<u16>, color: Option<Color>) {
-        if let Some(color) = color {
-            self.update(area, &|cell,_,_|{
-                cell.modifier.insert(ratatui::prelude::Modifier::UNDERLINED);
-                cell.underline_color = color;
-            })
-        } else {
-            self.update(area, &|cell,_,_|{
-                cell.modifier.remove(ratatui::prelude::Modifier::UNDERLINED);
-            })
-        }
-    }
-    pub fn tint_all (&mut self, fg: Color, bg: Color, modifier: Modifier) {
-        for cell in self.buffer.content.iter_mut() {
-            cell.fg = fg;
-            cell.bg = bg;
-            cell.modifier = modifier;
-        }
-    }
-    pub fn blit (&mut self, text: &impl AsRef<str>, x: u16, y: u16, style: Option<Style>) {
-        let text = text.as_ref();
-        let buf = &mut self.buffer;
-        let style = style.unwrap_or(Style::default());
-        if x < buf.area.width && y < buf.area.height {
-            buf.set_string(x, y, text, style);
-        }
-    }
-    /// Write a line of text
-    ///
-    /// TODO: do a paragraph (handle newlines)
-    pub fn text (&mut self, text: &impl AsRef<str>, x0: u16, y: u16, max_width: u16) {
-        let text = text.as_ref();
-        let buf  = &mut self.buffer;
-        let mut string_width: u16 = 0;
-        for character in text.chars() {
-            let x = x0 + string_width;
-            let character_width = character.width().unwrap_or(0) as u16;
-            string_width += character_width;
-            if string_width > max_width {
-                break
-            }
-            if let Some(cell) = buf.cell_mut(ratatui::prelude::Position { x, y }) {
-                cell.set_char(character);
-            } else {
-                break
             }
+        })
+    }
+    impl<T> Phat<T> {
+        pub const LO: &'static str = "▄";
+        pub const HI: &'static str = "▀";
+        /// A phat line
+        pub fn lo (fg: Color, bg: Color) -> impl Content<TuiOut> {
+            Fixed::Y(1, Tui::fg_bg(fg, bg, Repeat::X(Self::LO)))
+        }
+        /// A phat line
+        pub fn hi (fg: Color, bg: Color) -> impl Content<TuiOut> {
+            Fixed::Y(1, Tui::fg_bg(fg, bg, Repeat::X(Self::HI)))
         }
     }
-}
-impl BigBuffer {
-    pub fn new (width: usize, height: usize) -> Self {
-        Self { width, height, content: vec![Cell::default(); width*height] }
+    impl Scrollbar {
+        const ICON_DEC_V: &[char] = &['▲'];
+        const ICON_INC_V: &[char] = &['▼'];
+        const ICON_DEC_H: &[char] = &[' ', '🞀', ' '];
+        const ICON_INC_H: &[char] = &[' ', '🞂', ' '];
     }
-    pub fn get (&self, x: usize, y: usize) -> Option<&Cell> {
-        let i = self.index_of(x, y);
-        self.content.get(i)
-    }
-    pub fn get_mut (&mut self, x: usize, y: usize) -> Option<&mut Cell> {
-        let i = self.index_of(x, y);
-        self.content.get_mut(i)
-    }
-    pub fn index_of (&self, x: usize, y: usize) -> usize {
-        y * self.width + x
-    }
-}
-// A single color within item theme parameters, in OKHSL and RGB representations.
-impl ItemColor {
-    pub const fn from_rgb (rgb: Color) -> Self {
-        Self { rgb, okhsl: Okhsl::new_const(OklabHue::new(0.0), 0.0, 0.0) }
-    }
-    pub const fn from_okhsl (okhsl: Okhsl<f32>) -> Self {
-        Self { rgb: Color::Rgb(0, 0, 0), okhsl }
-    }
-    pub fn random () -> Self {
-        let mut rng = thread_rng();
-        let lo = Okhsl::new(-180.0, 0.01, 0.25);
-        let hi = Okhsl::new( 180.0, 0.9,  0.5);
-        UniformOkhsl::new(lo, hi).sample(&mut rng).into()
-    }
-    pub fn random_dark () -> Self {
-        let mut rng = thread_rng();
-        let lo = Okhsl::new(-180.0, 0.025, 0.075);
-        let hi = Okhsl::new( 180.0, 0.5,   0.150);
-        UniformOkhsl::new(lo, hi).sample(&mut rng).into()
-    }
-    pub fn random_near (color: Self, distance: f32) -> Self {
-        color.mix(Self::random(), distance)
-    }
-    pub fn mix (&self, other: Self, distance: f32) -> Self {
-        if distance > 1.0 { panic!("color mixing takes distance between 0.0 and 1.0"); }
-        self.okhsl.mix(other.okhsl, distance).into()
-    }
-}
-impl ItemTheme {
-    pub const G: [Self;256] = {
-        let mut builder = konst::array::ArrayBuilder::new();
-        while !builder.is_full() {
-            let index    = builder.len() as u8;
-            let light    = (index as f64 * 1.15) as u8;
-            let lighter  = (index as f64 * 1.7) as u8;
-            let lightest = (index as f64 * 1.85) as u8;
-            let dark     = (index as f64 * 0.9) as u8;
-            let darker   = (index as f64 * 0.6) as u8;
-            let darkest  = (index as f64 * 0.3) as u8;
-            builder.push(ItemTheme {
-                base:     ItemColor::from_rgb(Color::Rgb(index,    index,    index     )),
-                light:    ItemColor::from_rgb(Color::Rgb(light,    light,    light,    )),
-                lighter:  ItemColor::from_rgb(Color::Rgb(lighter,  lighter,  lighter,  )),
-                lightest: ItemColor::from_rgb(Color::Rgb(lightest, lightest, lightest, )),
-                dark:     ItemColor::from_rgb(Color::Rgb(dark,     dark,     dark,     )),
-                darker:   ItemColor::from_rgb(Color::Rgb(darker,   darker,   darker,   )),
-                darkest:  ItemColor::from_rgb(Color::Rgb(darkest,  darkest,  darkest,  )),
-            });
-        }
-        builder.build()
-    };
-    pub fn random () -> Self { ItemColor::random().into() }
-    pub fn random_near (color: Self, distance: f32) -> Self {
-        color.base.mix(ItemColor::random(), distance).into()
-    }
-    pub const G00: Self = {
-        let color: ItemColor = ItemColor {
-            okhsl: Okhsl { hue: OklabHue::new(0.0), lightness: 0.0, saturation: 0.0 },
-            rgb: Color::Rgb(0, 0, 0)
-        };
-        Self {
-            base:     color,
-            light:    color,
-            lighter:  color,
-            lightest: color,
-            dark:     color,
-            darker:   color,
-            darkest:  color,
-        }
-    };
-    pub fn from_tui_color (base: Color) -> Self {
-        Self::from_item_color(ItemColor::from_rgb(base))
-    }
-    pub fn from_item_color (base: ItemColor) -> Self {
-        let mut light      = base.okhsl;
-        light.lightness    = (light.lightness    * 1.3).min(1.0);
-        let mut lighter    = light;
-        lighter.lightness  = (lighter.lightness  * 1.3).min(1.0);
-        let mut lightest   = base.okhsl;
-        lightest.lightness = 0.95;
-        let mut dark       = base.okhsl;
-        dark.lightness     = (dark.lightness     * 0.75).max(0.0);
-        dark.saturation    = (dark.saturation    * 0.75).max(0.0);
-        let mut darker     = dark;
-        darker.lightness   = (darker.lightness   * 0.66).max(0.0);
-        darker.saturation  = (darker.saturation  * 0.66).max(0.0);
-        let mut darkest    = darker;
-        darkest.lightness  = 0.1;
-        darkest.saturation = (darkest.saturation * 0.50).max(0.0);
-        Self {
-            base,
-            light:    light.into(),
-            lighter:  lighter.into(),
-            lightest: lightest.into(),
-            dark:     dark.into(),
-            darker:   darker.into(),
-            darkest:  darkest.into(),
-        }
-    }
-}
-impl<T> Phat<T> {
-    pub const LO: &'static str = "▄";
-    pub const HI: &'static str = "▀";
-    /// A phat line
-    pub fn lo (fg: Color, bg: Color) -> impl Content<TuiOut> {
-        Fixed::Y(1, Tui::fg_bg(fg, bg, Repeat::X(Self::LO)))
-    }
-    /// A phat line
-    pub fn hi (fg: Color, bg: Color) -> impl Content<TuiOut> {
-        Fixed::Y(1, Tui::fg_bg(fg, bg, Repeat::X(Self::HI)))
-    }
-}
-impl Scrollbar {
-    const ICON_DEC_V: &[char] = &['▲'];
-    const ICON_INC_V: &[char] = &['▼'];
-    const ICON_DEC_H: &[char] = &[' ', '🞀', ' '];
-    const ICON_INC_H: &[char] = &[' ', '🞂', ' '];
-}
-impl<'a, T: AsRef<str>> TrimString<T> {
-    fn as_ref (&self) -> TrimStringRef<'_, T> { TrimStringRef(self.0, &self.1) }
-}
-impl<O: Out, T: Draw<O>> ErrorBoundary<O, T> {
-    pub fn new (content: Perhaps<T>) -> Self { Self(Default::default(), content) }
-}
-mod content {
-    use super::*;
     impl<S: BorderStyle, W: Content<TuiOut>> HasContent<TuiOut> for Bordered<S, W> {
         fn content (&self) -> impl Content<TuiOut> {
             Fill::XY(lay!( When::new(self.0, Border(self.0, self.1)), Pad::XY(1, 1, &self.2) ))
@@ -1347,10 +1288,6 @@ mod content {
             Min::XY(self.width, self.height, Bsp::s(top, Bsp::n(low, Fill::XY(content))))
         }
     }
-}
-
-mod layout {
-    use super::*;
     impl<T: Content<TuiOut>> Layout<TuiOut> for Modify<T> {}
     impl<T: Content<TuiOut>> Layout<TuiOut> for Styled<T> {}
     impl Layout<TuiOut> for Repeat<'_> {}
@@ -1379,11 +1316,6 @@ mod layout {
             XYWH(to.x(), to.y(), to.w().min(self.0).min(self.1.as_ref().width() as u16), to.h())
         }
     }
-}
-
-mod draw {
-    use super::*;
-
     impl<T: Draw<TuiOut>> Draw<TuiOut> for ErrorBoundary<TuiOut, T> {
         fn draw (&self, to: &mut TuiOut) {
             match self.1.as_ref() {
@@ -1594,45 +1526,563 @@ mod draw {
             }
         }
     }
+
+    /// TUI helper defs.
+    impl Tui {
+        pub const fn fg     <T>    (color: Color, w: T) -> Foreground<Color, T> { Foreground(color, w) }
+        pub const fn bg     <T>    (color: Color, w: T) -> Background<Color, T> { Background(color, w) }
+        pub const fn fg_bg  <T>    (fg: Color, bg: Color, w: T) -> Background<Color, Foreground<Color, T>> { Background(bg, Foreground(fg, w)) }
+        pub const fn modify <T>    (enable: bool, modifier: Modifier, w: T) -> Modify<T> { Modify(enable, modifier, w) }
+        pub const fn bold   <T>    (enable: bool, w: T) -> Modify<T> { Self::modify(enable, Modifier::BOLD, w) }
+        pub const fn border <S, T> (enable: bool, style: S, w: T) -> Bordered<S, T> { Bordered(enable, style, w) }
+
+        pub const fn null     () -> Color { Color::Reset }
+        pub const fn red      () -> Color { Color::Rgb(255,0,  0) }
+        pub const fn orange   () -> Color { Color::Rgb(255,128,0) }
+        pub const fn yellow   () -> Color { Color::Rgb(255,255,0) }
+        pub const fn brown    () -> Color { Color::Rgb(128,255,0) }
+        pub const fn green    () -> Color { Color::Rgb(0,255,0) }
+        pub const fn electric () -> Color { Color::Rgb(0,255,128) }
+        pub const fn g   (g: u8) -> Color { Color::Rgb(g, g, g) }
+        //fn bg0  () -> Color { Color::Rgb(20, 20, 20) }
+        //fn bg   () -> Color { Color::Rgb(28, 35, 25) }
+        //fn border_bg () -> Color { Color::Rgb(40, 50, 30) }
+        //fn border_fg (f: bool) -> Color { if f { Self::bo1() } else { Self::bo2() } }
+        //fn title_fg (f: bool) -> Color { if f { Self::ti1() } else { Self::ti2() } }
+        //fn separator_fg (_: bool) -> Color { Color::Rgb(0, 0, 0) }
+        //fn mode_bg () -> Color { Color::Rgb(150, 160, 90) }
+        //fn mode_fg () -> Color { Color::Rgb(255, 255, 255) }
+        //fn status_bar_bg () -> Color { Color::Rgb(28, 35, 25) }
+        //fn bo1 () -> Color { Color::Rgb(100, 110, 40) }
+        //fn bo2 () -> Color { Color::Rgb(70, 80, 50) }
+        //fn ti1 () -> Color { Color::Rgb(150, 160, 90) }
+        //fn ti2 () -> Color { Color::Rgb(120, 130, 100) }
+    }
+    pub fn named_key (token: &str) -> Option<KeyCode> {
+        use KeyCode::*;
+        Some(match token {
+            "up"                => Up,
+            "down"              => Down,
+            "left"              => Left,
+            "right"             => Right,
+            "esc"    | "escape" => Esc,
+            "enter"  | "return" => Enter,
+            "delete" | "del"    => Delete,
+            "backspace"         => Backspace,
+            "tab"               => Tab,
+            "space"             => Char(' '),
+            "comma"             => Char(','),
+            "period"            => Char('.'),
+            "plus"              => Char('+'),
+            "minus" | "dash"    => Char('-'),
+            "equal" | "equals"  => Char('='),
+            "underscore"        => Char('_'),
+            "backtick"          => Char('`'),
+            "lt"                => Char('<'),
+            "gt"                => Char('>'),
+            "cbopen"  | "openbrace"  => Char('{'),
+            "cbclose" | "closebrace" => Char('}'),
+            "bropen"  | "openbracket"  => Char('['),
+            "brclose" | "closebracket" => Char(']'),
+            "pgup" | "pageup"   => PageUp,
+            "pgdn" | "pagedown" => PageDown, 
+            "f1"                => F(1),
+            "f2"                => F(2),
+            "f3"                => F(3),
+            "f4"                => F(4),
+            "f5"                => F(5),
+            "f6"                => F(6),
+            "f7"                => F(7),
+            "f8"                => F(8),
+            "f9"                => F(9),
+            "f10"               => F(10),
+            "f11"               => F(11),
+            "f12"               => F(12),
+            _ => return None,
+        })
+    }
+    impl<O: Out, Color, Item: Layout<O>> Layout<O> for Foreground<Color, Item> {
+        fn layout (&self, to: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> XYWH<O::Unit> { self.1.layout(to) }
+    }
+    impl<O: Out, Color, Item: Layout<O>> Layout<O> for Background<Color, Item> {
+        fn layout (&self, to: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> XYWH<O::Unit> { self.1.layout(to) }
+    }
+    impl Tryptich<(), (), ()> {
+        pub fn center (h: u16) -> Self {
+            Self { h, top: false, left: (0, ()), middle: (0, ()), right: (0, ()) }
+        }
+        pub fn top (h: u16) -> Self {
+            Self { h, top: true, left: (0, ()), middle: (0, ()), right: (0, ()) }
+        }
+    }
+    impl<A, B, C> Tryptich<A, B, C> {
+        pub fn left <D> (self, w: u16, content: D) -> Tryptich<D, B, C> {
+            Tryptich { left: (w, content), ..self }
+        }
+        pub fn middle <D> (self, w: u16, content: D) -> Tryptich<A, D, C> {
+            Tryptich { middle: (w, content), ..self }
+        }
+        pub fn right <D> (self, w: u16, content: D) -> Tryptich<A, B, D> {
+            Tryptich { right: (w, content), ..self }
+        }
+    }
+    /// Should be impl something or other...
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use tengri::{Namespace, Understand, TuiOut, ratatui::prelude::Color};
+    ///
+    /// struct State;
+    /// impl<'b> Namespace<'b, bool>    for State {}
+    /// impl<'b> Namespace<'b, u16>     for State {}
+    /// impl<'b> Namespace<'b, Color>   for State {}
+    /// impl     Understand<TuiOut, ()> for State {}
+    /// # fn main () -> tengri::Usually<()> {
+    /// let state = State;
+    /// let mut out = TuiOut::default();
+    /// tengri::evaluate_output_expression_tui(&state, &mut out, "")?;
+    /// tengri::evaluate_output_expression_tui(&state, &mut out, "text Hello world!")?;
+    /// tengri::evaluate_output_expression_tui(&state, &mut out, "fg (g 0) (text Hello world!)")?;
+    /// tengri::evaluate_output_expression_tui(&state, &mut out, "bg (g 2) (text Hello world!)")?;
+    /// tengri::evaluate_output_expression_tui(&state, &mut out, "(bg (g 3) (fg (g 4) (text Hello world!)))")?;
+    /// # Ok(()) }
+    /// ```
+    pub fn evaluate_output_expression_tui <'a, S> (
+        state: &S, output: &mut TuiOut, expr: impl Expression + 'a
+    ) -> Usually<bool> where
+        S: Understand<TuiOut, ()>
+            + for<'b>Namespace<'b, bool>
+            + for<'b>Namespace<'b, u16>
+            + for<'b>Namespace<'b, Color>
+    {
+        // See `tengri::evaluate_output_expression`
+        let head = expr.head()?;
+        let mut frags = head.src()?.unwrap_or_default().split("/");
+        let args  = expr.tail();
+        let arg0  = args.head();
+        let tail0 = args.tail();
+        let arg1  = tail0.head();
+        let tail1 = tail0.tail();
+        let arg2  = tail1.head();
+        match frags.next() {
+
+            Some("text") => {
+                if let Some(src) = args?.src()? { output.place(&src) }
+            },
+
+            Some("fg") => {
+                let arg0  = arg0?.expect("fg: expected arg 0 (color)");
+                let color = Namespace::namespace(state, arg0)?.unwrap_or_else(||panic!("fg: {arg0:?}: not a color"));
+                let thunk = Thunk::new(move|output: &mut TuiOut|state.understand(output, &arg1).unwrap());
+                output.place(&Tui::fg(color, thunk))
+            },
+
+            Some("bg") => {
+                //panic!("expr: {expr:?}\nhead: {head:?}\nfrags: {frags:?}\nargs: {args:?}\narg0: {arg0:?}\ntail0: {tail0:?}\narg1: {arg1:?}\ntail1: {tail1:?}\narg2: {arg2:?}");
+                //panic!("head: {head:?}\narg0: {arg0:?}\narg1: {arg1:?}\narg2: {arg2:?}");;
+                //panic!("head: {head:?}\narg0: {arg0:?}\narg1: {arg1:?}\narg2: {arg2:?}");
+                let arg0  = arg0?.expect("bg: expected arg 0 (color)");
+                let color = Namespace::namespace(state, arg0)?.unwrap_or_else(||panic!("bg: {arg0:?}: not a color"));
+                let thunk = Thunk::new(move|output: &mut TuiOut|state.understand(output, &arg1).unwrap());
+                output.place(&Tui::bg(color, thunk))
+            },
+
+            _ => return Ok(false)
+
+        };
+        Ok(true)
+    }
+
+    /// ```
+    /// let _ = tengri::button_2("", "", true);
+    /// let _ = tengri::button_2("", "", false);
+    /// ```
+    pub fn button_2 <'a> (key: impl Content<TuiOut>, label: impl Content<TuiOut>, editing: bool) -> impl Content<TuiOut> {
+        Tui::bold(true, Bsp::e(
+            Tui::fg_bg(Tui::orange(), Tui::g(0), Bsp::e(Tui::fg(Tui::g(0), &"▐"), Bsp::e(key, Tui::fg(Tui::g(96), &"▐")))),
+            When::new(!editing, Tui::fg_bg(Tui::g(255), Tui::g(96), label))))
+    }
+
+    /// ```
+    /// let _ = tengri::button_3("", "", "", true);
+    /// let _ = tengri::button_3("", "", "", false);
+    /// ```
+    pub fn button_3 <'a> (
+        key: impl Content<TuiOut>, label: impl Content<TuiOut>, value: impl Content<TuiOut>, editing: bool,
+    ) -> impl Content<TuiOut> {
+        Tui::bold(true, Bsp::e(
+            Tui::fg_bg(Tui::orange(), Tui::g(0),
+                Bsp::e(Tui::fg(Tui::g(0), &"▐"), Bsp::e(key, Tui::fg(if editing { Tui::g(128) } else { Tui::g(96) }, "▐")))),
+            Bsp::e(
+                When::new(!editing, Bsp::e(Tui::fg_bg(Tui::g(255), Tui::g(96), label), Tui::fg_bg(Tui::g(128), Tui::g(96), &"▐"),)),
+                Bsp::e(Tui::fg_bg(Tui::g(224), Tui::g(128), value), Tui::fg_bg(Tui::g(128), Reset, &"▌"), ))))
+    }
+
+    macro_rules! border {
+        ($($T:ident {
+            $nw:literal $n:literal $ne:literal $w:literal $e:literal $sw:literal $s:literal $se:literal
+            $($x:tt)*
+        }),+) => {$(
+            impl BorderStyle for $T {
+                const NW: &'static str = $nw;
+                const N:  &'static str = $n;
+                const NE: &'static str = $ne;
+                const W:  &'static str = $w;
+                const E:  &'static str = $e;
+                const SW: &'static str = $sw;
+                const S:  &'static str = $s;
+                const SE: &'static str = $se;
+                $($x)*
+                fn enabled (&self) -> bool { self.0 }
+            }
+            #[derive(Copy, Clone)] pub struct $T(pub bool, pub Style);
+            impl Layout<TuiOut> for $T {}
+            impl Draw<TuiOut> for $T {
+                fn draw (&self, to: &mut TuiOut) {
+                    if self.enabled() { let _ = BorderStyle::draw(self, to); }
+                }
+            }
+        )+}
+    }
+
+    border! {
+        Square {
+            "┌" "─" "┐"
+            "│"     "│"
+            "└" "─" "┘" fn style (&self) -> Option<Style> { Some(self.1) }
+        },
+        SquareBold {
+            "┏" "━" "┓"
+            "┃"     "┃"
+            "┗" "━" "┛" fn style (&self) -> Option<Style> { Some(self.1) }
+        },
+        TabLike {
+            "╭" "─" "╮"
+            "│"     "│"
+            "│" " " "│" fn style (&self) -> Option<Style> { Some(self.1) }
+        },
+        Lozenge {
+            "╭" "─" "╮"
+            "│"     "│"
+            "╰" "─" "╯" fn style (&self) -> Option<Style> { Some(self.1) }
+        },
+        Brace {
+            "╭" "" "╮"
+            "│"    "│"
+            "╰" "" "╯" fn style (&self) -> Option<Style> { Some(self.1) }
+        },
+        LozengeDotted {
+            "╭" "┅" "╮"
+            "┇"     "┇"
+            "╰" "┅" "╯" fn style (&self) -> Option<Style> { Some(self.1) }
+        },
+        Quarter {
+            "▎" "▔" "🮇"
+            "▎"     "🮇"
+            "▎" "▁" "🮇" fn style (&self) -> Option<Style> { Some(self.1) }
+        },
+        QuarterV {
+            "▎" "" "🮇"
+            "▎"    "🮇"
+            "▎" "" "🮇" fn style (&self) -> Option<Style> { Some(self.1) }
+        },
+        Chamfer {
+            "🭂" "▔" "🭍"
+            "▎"     "🮇"
+            "🭓" "▁" "🭞" fn style (&self) -> Option<Style> { Some(self.1) }
+        },
+        Corners {
+            "🬆" "" "🬊" // 🬴 🬸
+            ""     ""
+            "🬱" "" "🬵" fn style (&self) -> Option<Style> { Some(self.1) }
+        },
+        CornersTall {
+            "🭽" "" "🭾"
+            ""     ""
+            "🭼" "" "🭿" fn style (&self) -> Option<Style> { Some(self.1) }
+        },
+        Outer {
+            "🭽" "▔" "🭾"
+            "▏"     "▕"
+            "🭼" "▁" "🭿"
+            const W0: &'static str = "[";
+            const E0: &'static str = "]";
+            const N0: &'static str = "⎴";
+            const S0: &'static str = "⎵";
+            fn style (&self) -> Option<Style> { Some(self.1) }
+        },
+        Thick {
+            "▄" "▄" "▄"
+            "█"     "█"
+            "▀" "▀" "▀"
+            fn style (&self) -> Option<Style> { Some(self.1) }
+        },
+        Rugged {
+            "▄" "▂" "▄"
+            "▐"     "▌"
+            "▀" "🮂" "▀"
+            fn style (&self) -> Option<Style> { Some(self.1) }
+        },
+        Skinny {
+            "▗" "▄" "▖"
+            "▐"     "▌"
+            "▝" "▀" "▘"
+            fn style (&self) -> Option<Style> { Some(self.1) }
+        },
+        Brackets {
+            "⎡" "" "⎤"
+            ""     ""
+            "⎣" "" "⎦"
+            const W0: &'static str = "[";
+            const E0: &'static str = "]";
+            const N0: &'static str = "⎴";
+            const S0: &'static str = "⎵";
+            fn style (&self) -> Option<Style> { Some(self.1) }
+        },
+        Reticle {
+            "⎡" "" "⎤"
+            ""     ""
+            "⎣" "" "⎦"
+            const W0: &'static str = "╟";
+            const E0: &'static str = "╢";
+            const N0: &'static str = "┯";
+            const S0: &'static str = "┷";
+            fn style (&self) -> Option<Style> { Some(self.1) }
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn okhsl_to_rgb (color: Okhsl<f32>) -> Color {
+        let Srgb { red, green, blue, .. }: Srgb<f32> = Srgb::from_color_unclamped(color);
+        Color::Rgb((red   * 255.0) as u8, (green * 255.0) as u8, (blue  * 255.0) as u8,)
+    }
+
+    pub fn rgb_to_okhsl (color: Color) -> Okhsl<f32> {
+        if let Color::Rgb(r, g, b) = color {
+            Okhsl::from_color(Srgb::new(r as f32 / 255.0, g as f32 / 255.0, b as f32 / 255.0))
+        } else {
+            unreachable!("only Color::Rgb is supported")
+        }
+    }
+
+    // A single color within item theme parameters, in OKHSL and RGB representations.
+    impl ItemColor {
+        #[cfg(feature = "tui")] pub const fn from_tui (rgb: Color) -> Self {
+            Self { rgb, okhsl: Okhsl::new_const(OklabHue::new(0.0), 0.0, 0.0) }
+        }
+        pub fn random () -> Self {
+            let mut rng = ::rand::thread_rng();
+            let lo = Okhsl::new(-180.0, 0.01, 0.25);
+            let hi = Okhsl::new( 180.0, 0.9,  0.5);
+            UniformOkhsl::new(lo, hi).sample(&mut rng).into()
+        }
+        pub fn random_dark () -> Self {
+            let mut rng = ::rand::thread_rng();
+            let lo = Okhsl::new(-180.0, 0.025, 0.075);
+            let hi = Okhsl::new( 180.0, 0.5,   0.150);
+            UniformOkhsl::new(lo, hi).sample(&mut rng).into()
+        }
+        pub fn random_near (color: Self, distance: f32) -> Self {
+            color.mix(Self::random(), distance)
+        }
+        pub fn mix (&self, other: Self, distance: f32) -> Self {
+            if distance > 1.0 { panic!("color mixing takes distance between 0.0 and 1.0"); }
+            self.okhsl.mix(other.okhsl, distance).into()
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl ItemTheme {
+        #[cfg(feature = "tui")] pub const G: [Self;256] = {
+            let mut builder = konst::array::ArrayBuilder::new();
+            while !builder.is_full() {
+                let index    = builder.len() as u8;
+                let light    = (index as f64 * 1.15) as u8;
+                let lighter  = (index as f64 * 1.7) as u8;
+                let lightest = (index as f64 * 1.85) as u8;
+                let dark     = (index as f64 * 0.9) as u8;
+                let darker   = (index as f64 * 0.6) as u8;
+                let darkest  = (index as f64 * 0.3) as u8;
+                builder.push(ItemTheme {
+                    base:     ItemColor::from_tui(Color::Rgb(index,    index,    index     )),
+                    light:    ItemColor::from_tui(Color::Rgb(light,    light,    light,    )),
+                    lighter:  ItemColor::from_tui(Color::Rgb(lighter,  lighter,  lighter,  )),
+                    lightest: ItemColor::from_tui(Color::Rgb(lightest, lightest, lightest, )),
+                    dark:     ItemColor::from_tui(Color::Rgb(dark,     dark,     dark,     )),
+                    darker:   ItemColor::from_tui(Color::Rgb(darker,   darker,   darker,   )),
+                    darkest:  ItemColor::from_tui(Color::Rgb(darkest,  darkest,  darkest,  )),
+                });
+            }
+            builder.build()
+        };
+        pub fn random () -> Self { ItemColor::random().into() }
+        pub fn random_near (color: Self, distance: f32) -> Self {
+            color.base.mix(ItemColor::random(), distance).into()
+        }
+        pub const G00: Self = {
+            let color: ItemColor = ItemColor {
+                okhsl: Okhsl { hue: OklabHue::new(0.0), lightness: 0.0, saturation: 0.0 },
+                rgb: Color::Rgb(0, 0, 0)
+            };
+            Self {
+                base:     color,
+                light:    color,
+                lighter:  color,
+                lightest: color,
+                dark:     color,
+                darker:   color,
+                darkest:  color,
+            }
+        };
+        #[cfg(feature = "tui")] pub fn from_tui_color (base: Color) -> Self {
+            Self::from_item_color(ItemColor::from_tui(base))
+        }
+        pub fn from_item_color (base: ItemColor) -> Self {
+            let mut light      = base.okhsl;
+            light.lightness    = (light.lightness    * 1.3).min(1.0);
+            let mut lighter    = light;
+            lighter.lightness  = (lighter.lightness  * 1.3).min(1.0);
+            let mut lightest   = base.okhsl;
+            lightest.lightness = 0.95;
+            let mut dark       = base.okhsl;
+            dark.lightness     = (dark.lightness     * 0.75).max(0.0);
+            dark.saturation    = (dark.saturation    * 0.75).max(0.0);
+            let mut darker     = dark;
+            darker.lightness   = (darker.lightness   * 0.66).max(0.0);
+            darker.saturation  = (darker.saturation  * 0.66).max(0.0);
+            let mut darkest    = darker;
+            darkest.lightness  = 0.1;
+            darkest.saturation = (darkest.saturation * 0.50).max(0.0);
+            Self {
+                base,
+                light:    light.into(),
+                lighter:  lighter.into(),
+                lightest: lightest.into(),
+                dark:     dark.into(),
+                darker:   darker.into(),
+                darkest:  darkest.into(),
+            }
+        }
+    }
 }
 
-/// TUI helper defs.
-impl Tui {
-    pub const fn fg     <T>    (color: Color, w: T) -> Foreground<Color, T> { Foreground(color, w) }
-    pub const fn bg     <T>    (color: Color, w: T) -> Background<Color, T> { Background(color, w) }
-    pub const fn fg_bg  <T>    (fg: Color, bg: Color, w: T) -> Background<Color, Foreground<Color, T>> { Background(bg, Foreground(fg, w)) }
-    pub const fn modify <T>    (enable: bool, modifier: Modifier, w: T) -> Modify<T> { Modify(enable, modifier, w) }
-    pub const fn bold   <T>    (enable: bool, w: T) -> Modify<T> { Self::modify(enable, Modifier::BOLD, w) }
-    pub const fn border <S, T> (enable: bool, style: S, w: T) -> Bordered<S, T> { Bordered(enable, style, w) }
+#[cfg(feature = "jack")] mod jack {
+    use crate::*;
+    use ::jack::*;
+    use JackState::*;
 
-    pub const fn null     () -> Color { Color::Reset }
-    pub const fn red      () -> Color { Color::Rgb(255,0,  0) }
-    pub const fn orange   () -> Color { Color::Rgb(255,128,0) }
-    pub const fn yellow   () -> Color { Color::Rgb(255,255,0) }
-    pub const fn brown    () -> Color { Color::Rgb(128,255,0) }
-    pub const fn green    () -> Color { Color::Rgb(0,255,0) }
-    pub const fn electric () -> Color { Color::Rgb(0,255,128) }
-    pub const fn g   (g: u8) -> Color { Color::Rgb(g, g, g) }
-    //fn bg0  () -> Color { Color::Rgb(20, 20, 20) }
-    //fn bg   () -> Color { Color::Rgb(28, 35, 25) }
-    //fn border_bg () -> Color { Color::Rgb(40, 50, 30) }
-    //fn border_fg (f: bool) -> Color { if f { Self::bo1() } else { Self::bo2() } }
-    //fn title_fg (f: bool) -> Color { if f { Self::ti1() } else { Self::ti2() } }
-    //fn separator_fg (_: bool) -> Color { Color::Rgb(0, 0, 0) }
-    //fn mode_bg () -> Color { Color::Rgb(150, 160, 90) }
-    //fn mode_fg () -> Color { Color::Rgb(255, 255, 255) }
-    //fn status_bar_bg () -> Color { Color::Rgb(28, 35, 25) }
-    //fn bo1 () -> Color { Color::Rgb(100, 110, 40) }
-    //fn bo2 () -> Color { Color::Rgb(70, 80, 50) }
-    //fn ti1 () -> Color { Color::Rgb(150, 160, 90) }
-    //fn ti2 () -> Color { Color::Rgb(120, 130, 100) }
+    impl<'j> HasJack<'j> for Jack<'j> { fn jack (&self) -> &Jack<'j> { self } }
+    impl<'j> HasJack<'j> for &Jack<'j> { fn jack (&self) -> &Jack<'j> { self } }
+    /// Implement [Jack] constructor and methods
+    impl<'j> Jack<'j> {
+        /// Register new [Client] and wrap it for shared use.
+        pub fn new_run <T: HasJack<'j> + Audio + Send + Sync + 'static> (
+            name: &impl AsRef<str>,
+            init: impl FnOnce(Jack<'j>)->Usually<T>
+        ) -> Usually<Arc<RwLock<T>>> {
+            Jack::new(name)?.run(init)
+        }
+
+        pub fn new (name: &impl AsRef<str>) -> Usually<Self> {
+            let client = Client::new(name.as_ref(), ClientOptions::NO_START_SERVER)?.0;
+            Ok(Jack(Arc::new(RwLock::new(JackState::Inactive(client)))))
+        }
+
+        pub fn run <T: HasJack<'j> + Audio + Send + Sync + 'static>
+            (self, init: impl FnOnce(Self)->Usually<T>) -> Usually<Arc<RwLock<T>>>
+        {
+            let client_state = self.0.clone();
+            let app: Arc<RwLock<T>> = Arc::new(RwLock::new(init(self)?));
+            let mut state = Activating;
+            std::mem::swap(&mut*client_state.write().unwrap(), &mut state);
+            if let Inactive(client) = state {
+                // This is the misc notifications handler. It's a struct that wraps a [Box]
+                // which performs type erasure on a callback that takes [JackEvent], which is
+                // one of the available misc notifications.
+                let notify = JackNotify(Box::new({
+                    let app = app.clone();
+                    move|event|(&mut*app.write().unwrap()).handle(event)
+                }) as BoxedJackEventHandler);
+                // This is the main processing handler. It's a struct that wraps a [Box]
+                // which performs type erasure on a callback that takes [Client] and [ProcessScope]
+                // and passes them down to the `app`'s `process` callback, which in turn
+                // implements audio and MIDI input and output on a realtime basis.
+                let process = ::jack::contrib::ClosureProcessHandler::new(Box::new({
+                    let app = app.clone();
+                    move|c: &_, s: &_|if let Ok(mut app) = app.write() {
+                        app.process(c, s)
+                    } else {
+                        Control::Quit
+                    }
+                }) as BoxedAudioHandler);
+                // Launch a client with the two handlers.
+                *client_state.write().unwrap() = Active(
+                    client.activate_async(notify, process)?
+                );
+            } else {
+                unreachable!();
+            }
+            Ok(app)
+        }
+
+        /// Run something with the client.
+        pub fn with_client <T> (&self, op: impl FnOnce(&Client)->T) -> T {
+            match &*self.0.read().unwrap() {
+                Inert            => panic!("jack client not activated"),
+                Inactive(client) => op(client),
+                Activating       => panic!("jack client has not finished activation"),
+                Active(client)   => op(client.as_client()),
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl<T: Fn(JackEvent) + Send> NotificationHandler for JackNotify<T> {
+        fn thread_init(&self, _: &Client) {
+            self.0(JackEvent::ThreadInit);
+        }
+        unsafe fn shutdown(&mut self, status: ClientStatus, reason: &str) {
+            self.0(JackEvent::Shutdown(status, reason.into()));
+        }
+        fn freewheel(&mut self, _: &Client, enabled: bool) {
+            self.0(JackEvent::Freewheel(enabled));
+        }
+        fn sample_rate(&mut self, _: &Client, frames: Frames) -> Control {
+            self.0(JackEvent::SampleRate(frames));
+            Control::Quit
+        }
+        fn client_registration(&mut self, _: &Client, name: &str, reg: bool) {
+            self.0(JackEvent::ClientRegistration(name.into(), reg));
+        }
+        fn port_registration(&mut self, _: &Client, id: PortId, reg: bool) {
+            self.0(JackEvent::PortRegistration(id, reg));
+        }
+        fn port_rename(&mut self, _: &Client, id: PortId, old: &str, new: &str) -> Control {
+            self.0(JackEvent::PortRename(id, old.into(), new.into()));
+            Control::Continue
+        }
+        fn ports_connected(&mut self, _: &Client, a: PortId, b: PortId, are: bool) {
+            self.0(JackEvent::PortsConnected(a, b, are));
+        }
+        fn graph_reorder(&mut self, _: &Client) -> Control {
+            self.0(JackEvent::GraphReorder);
+            Control::Continue
+        }
+        fn xrun(&mut self, _: &Client) -> Control {
+            self.0(JackEvent::XRun);
+            Control::Continue
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl JackPerfModel for PerfModel {
+        fn update_from_jack_scope (&self, t0: Option<u64>, scope: &ProcessScope) {
+            if let Some(t0) = t0 {
+                let t1 = self.clock.raw();
+                self.used.store(
+                    self.clock.delta_as_nanos(t0, t1) as f64,
+                    Relaxed,
+                );
+                self.window.store(
+                    scope.cycle_times().unwrap().period_usecs as f64,
+                    Relaxed,
+                );
+            }
+        }
+    }
 }
-
-from!(BigBuffer: |size:(usize, usize)| Self::new(size.0, size.1));
-from!(ItemTheme: |base: Color|         Self::from_tui_color(base));
-from!(ItemTheme: |base: ItemColor|     Self::from_item_color(base));
-from!(ItemColor: |okhsl: Okhsl<f32>|   Self { okhsl, rgb: okhsl_to_rgb(okhsl) });
-from!(ItemColor: |rgb: Color|          Self { rgb, okhsl: rgb_to_okhsl(rgb) });
-impl_debug!(BigBuffer |self, f| {
-    write!(f, "[BB {}x{} ({})]", self.width, self.height, self.content.len())
-});
diff --git a/src/tengri_struct.rs b/src/tengri_struct.rs
index 234cded..5460d64 100644
--- a/src/tengri_struct.rs
+++ b/src/tengri_struct.rs
@@ -181,14 +181,14 @@ pub use self::spatial::*; mod spatial {
     /// Set the maximum width and/or height of the content.
     ///
     /// ```
-    /// let maximum = tengri::Min::XY(3, 5, "Hello"); // 3x1
+    /// let maximum = tengri::Max::XY(3, 5, "Hello"); // 3x1
     /// ```
     pub enum Max<U, A> { X(U, A), Y(U, A), XY(U, U, A), }
 
     /// Set the minimum width and/or height of the content.
     ///
     /// ```
-    /// let minimam = tengri::Min::XY(3, 5, "Hello"); // 5x5
+    /// let minimum = tengri::Min::XY(3, 5, "Hello"); // 5x5
     /// ```
     pub enum Min<U, A> { X(U, A), Y(U, A), XY(U, U, A), }
 
@@ -269,11 +269,10 @@ pub use self::spatial::*; mod spatial {
 
         pub __: PhantomData<(O, B)>,
     }
-
     /// A color in OKHSL and RGB representations.
     #[derive(Debug, Default, Copy, Clone, PartialEq)] pub struct ItemColor {
         pub okhsl: Okhsl<f32>,
-        pub rgb:   Color,
+        #[cfg(feature = "tui")] pub rgb:   Color,
     }
     /// A color in OKHSL and RGB with lighter and darker variants.
     #[derive(Debug, Default, Copy, Clone, PartialEq)] pub struct ItemTheme {
@@ -285,9 +284,26 @@ pub use self::spatial::*; mod spatial {
         pub darker:   ItemColor,
         pub darkest:  ItemColor,
     }
+    // TODO DOCUMENTME
+    pub struct FieldH<Theme, Label, Value>(pub Theme, pub Label, pub Value);
+    // TODO DOCUMENTME
+    pub struct FieldV<Theme, Label, Value>(pub Theme, pub Label, pub Value);
+    // TODO:
+    pub struct Field<C, T, U> {
+        pub direction:   Direction,
+        pub label:       Option<T>,
+        pub label_fg:    Option<C>,
+        pub label_bg:    Option<C>,
+        pub label_align: Option<Direction>,
+        pub value:       Option<U>,
+        pub value_fg:    Option<C>,
+        pub value_bg:    Option<C>,
+        pub value_align: Option<Direction>,
+    }
 }
 
-pub use self::terminal::*; mod terminal {
+#[cfg(feature = "tui")] pub use self::terminal::*;
+#[cfg(feature = "tui")] mod terminal {
     use crate::*;
 
     /// The TUI engine.
@@ -354,16 +370,6 @@ pub use self::terminal::*; mod terminal {
 
     pub struct Styled<T>(pub Option<Style>, pub T);
 
-    /// Displays an owned [str]-like with fixed maximum width.
-    ///
-    /// Width is computed using [unicode_width].
-    pub struct TrimString<T: AsRef<str>>(pub u16, pub T);
-
-    /// Displays a borrowed [str]-like with fixed maximum width
-    ///
-    /// Width is computed using [unicode_width].
-    pub struct TrimStringRef<'a, T: AsRef<str>>(pub u16, pub &'a T);
-
     /// A cell that takes up 3 rows on its own,
     /// but stacks, giving (N+1)*2 rows per N cells.
     pub struct Phat<T> {
@@ -382,25 +388,6 @@ pub use self::terminal::*; mod terminal {
         pub right:  (u16, C),
     }
 
-    // TODO:
-    pub struct Field<C, T, U> {
-        pub direction:   Direction,
-        pub label:       Option<T>,
-        pub label_fg:    Option<C>,
-        pub label_bg:    Option<C>,
-        pub label_align: Option<Direction>,
-        pub value:       Option<U>,
-        pub value_fg:    Option<C>,
-        pub value_bg:    Option<C>,
-        pub value_align: Option<Direction>,
-    }
-
-    // TODO DOCUMENTME
-    pub struct FieldH<Theme, Label, Value>(pub Theme, pub Label, pub Value);
-
-    // TODO DOCUMENTME
-    pub struct FieldV<Theme, Label, Value>(pub Theme, pub Label, pub Value);
-
     /// Repeat a string, e.g. for background
     pub enum Repeat<'a> {
         X(&'a str),
@@ -416,3 +403,99 @@ pub use self::terminal::*; mod terminal {
         Y { offset: usize, length: usize, total: usize, }
     }
 }
+
+pub use self::textual::*;
+mod textual {
+    /// Displays an owned [str]-like with fixed maximum width.
+    ///
+    /// Width is computed using [unicode_width].
+    pub struct TrimString<T: AsRef<str>>(pub u16, pub T);
+    /// Displays a borrowed [str]-like with fixed maximum width
+    ///
+    /// Width is computed using [unicode_width].
+    pub struct TrimStringRef<'a, T: AsRef<str>>(pub u16, pub &'a T);
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "jack")] pub use self::aural::*;
+#[cfg(feature = "jack")] mod aural {
+    use crate::*;
+    use ::jack::*;
+
+    /// Wraps [JackState], and through it [jack::Client] when connected.
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// let jack = tengri::Jack::default();
+    /// ```
+    #[derive(Clone, Debug, Default)] pub struct Jack<'j> (
+        pub(crate) Arc<RwLock<JackState<'j>>>
+    );
+
+    /// This is a connection which may be [Inactive], [Activating], or [Active].
+    /// In the [Active] and [Inactive] states, [JackState::client] returns a
+    /// [jack::Client], which you can use to talk to the JACK API.
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// let state = tengri::JackState::default();
+    /// ```
+    #[derive(Debug, Default)] pub enum JackState<'j> {
+        /// Unused
+        #[default] Inert,
+        /// Before activation.
+        Inactive(Client),
+        /// During activation.
+        Activating,
+        /// After activation. Must not be dropped for JACK thread to persist.
+        Active(DynamicAsyncClient<'j>),
+    }
+
+    /// Event enum for JACK events.
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// let event = tengri::JackEvent::XRun;
+    /// ```
+    #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)] pub enum JackEvent {
+        ThreadInit,
+        Shutdown(ClientStatus, Arc<str>),
+        Freewheel(bool),
+        SampleRate(Frames),
+        ClientRegistration(Arc<str>, bool),
+        PortRegistration(PortId, bool),
+        PortRename(PortId, Arc<str>, Arc<str>),
+        PortsConnected(PortId, PortId, bool),
+        GraphReorder,
+        XRun,
+    }
+
+    /// Generic notification handler that emits [JackEvent]
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// let notify = tengri::JackNotify(|_|{});
+    /// ```
+    pub struct JackNotify<T: Fn(JackEvent) + Send>(pub T);
+
+    /// Running JACK [AsyncClient] with maximum type erasure.
+    ///
+    /// One [Box] contains function that handles [JackEvent]s.
+    ///
+    /// Another [Box] containing a function that handles realtime IO.
+    ///
+    /// That's all it knows about them.
+    pub type DynamicAsyncClient<'j>
+        = AsyncClient<DynamicNotifications<'j>, DynamicAudioHandler<'j>>;
+
+    /// Notification handler wrapper for [BoxedAudioHandler].
+    pub type DynamicAudioHandler<'j> =
+        ::jack::contrib::ClosureProcessHandler<(), BoxedAudioHandler<'j>>;
+
+    /// Boxed realtime callback.
+    pub type BoxedAudioHandler<'j> =
+        Box<dyn FnMut(&Client, &ProcessScope) -> Control + Send + Sync + 'j>;
+
+    /// Notification handler wrapper for [BoxedJackEventHandler].
+    pub type DynamicNotifications<'j> =
+        JackNotify<BoxedJackEventHandler<'j>>;
+
+    /// Boxed [JackEvent] callback.
+    pub type BoxedJackEventHandler<'j> =
+        Box<dyn Fn(JackEvent) + Send + Sync + 'j>;
+}
diff --git a/src/tengri_trait.rs b/src/tengri_trait.rs
index ef9d23a..f5e80f0 100644
--- a/src/tengri_trait.rs
+++ b/src/tengri_trait.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,4 @@
-use crate::*;
-
-pub use self::input::*;
-mod input {
+pub use self::input::*; mod input {
     use crate::*;
 
     /// Something that will exit and not resume, e.g. the main input loop.
@@ -110,11 +107,9 @@ mod input {
     });
 }
 
-pub use self::output::*;
-mod output {
+pub use self::output::*; mod output {
     use crate::*;
-
-    /// Drawing target.
+    /// Output target.
     ///
     /// ```
     /// use tengri::*;
@@ -151,7 +146,6 @@ mod output {
             self.place_at(content.layout(self.area()), content)
         }
     }
-
     /// A numeric type that can be used as coordinate.
     ///
     /// FIXME: Replace this ad-hoc trait with `num` crate.
@@ -177,15 +171,10 @@ mod output {
             0.into()
         }
     }
-
     /// Drawable with dynamic dispatch.
-    pub trait Draw<O: Out> {
-        fn draw (&self, to: &mut O);
-    }
-
+    pub trait Draw<O: Out> { fn draw (&self, to: &mut O); }
     /// Outputs combinator.
     pub trait Lay<O: Out>: Sized {}
-
     /// Drawable area of display.
     pub trait Layout<O: Out> {
         fn layout_x      (&self, to: XYWH<O::Unit>) -> O::Unit { to.x() }
@@ -200,28 +189,22 @@ mod output {
             XYWH(self.layout_x(to), self.layout_y(to), self.layout_w(to), self.layout_h(to))
         }
     }
-
-    pub trait HasContent<O: Out> {
-        fn content (&self) -> impl Content<O>;
-    }
-
     // TODO DOCUMENTME
     pub trait Content<O: Out>: Draw<O> + Layout<O> {}
-
+    // TODO DOCUMENTME
+    pub trait HasContent<O: Out> { fn content (&self) -> impl Content<O>; }
     // Something that has an origin point (X, Y).
     pub trait HasXY<N: Coord> {
         fn x  (&self) -> N;
         fn y  (&self) -> N;
         fn xy (&self) -> XY<N> { XY(self.x(), self.y()) }
     }
-
     // Something that has a size (W, H).
     pub trait HasWH<N: Coord> {
         fn w  (&self) -> N;
         fn h  (&self) -> N;
         fn wh (&self) -> WH<N> { WH(self.w(), self.h()) }
     }
-
     // Something that has a 2D bounding box (X, Y, W, H).
     //
     // FIXME: The other way around?
@@ -237,7 +220,8 @@ mod output {
             }
         }
     }
-
+    pub trait HasPerf  { fn perf (&self) -> &PerfModel; }
+    pub trait HasColor { fn color (&self) -> ItemColor; }
     // Something that has a [Measure] of its rendered size.
     pub trait Measured<O: Out> {
         fn measure        (&self) -> &Measure<O>;
@@ -245,12 +229,17 @@ mod output {
         fn measure_height (&self) -> O::Unit { self.measure().h() }
     }
 
-    pub trait HasPerf {
-        fn perf (&self) -> &PerfModel;
-    }
-
-    pub trait HasColor { fn color (&self) -> ItemColor; }
+}
 
+#[cfg(feature = "tui")] pub use self::tui::*;
+#[cfg(feature = "tui")] mod tui {
+    use crate::*;
+    use ratatui::prelude::*;
+    pub trait TuiDraw    = Draw<TuiOut>;
+    pub trait TuiLayout  = crate::Layout<TuiOut>;
+    pub trait TuiContent = Content<TuiOut>;
+    pub trait TuiHandle  = Handle<TuiIn>;
+    pub trait TuiWidget  = TuiDraw + TuiHandle;
     pub trait BorderStyle: Content<TuiOut> + Copy {
         fn enabled (&self) -> bool;
         fn enclose (self, w: impl Content<TuiOut>) -> impl Content<TuiOut> {
@@ -346,12 +335,121 @@ mod output {
     }
 }
 
-pub use self::tui::*;
-mod tui {
+#[cfg(feature = "jack")] pub use self::jack::*;
+#[cfg(feature = "jack")] mod jack {
     use crate::*;
-    pub trait TuiDraw    = Draw<TuiOut>;
-    pub trait TuiLayout  = Layout<TuiOut>;
-    pub trait TuiContent = Content<TuiOut>;
-    pub trait TuiHandle  = Handle<TuiIn>;
-    pub trait TuiWidget  = TuiDraw + TuiHandle;
+    use ::jack::{*, contrib::{*, Position}};
+
+    /// Things that can provide a [jack::Client] reference.
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use tengri::{Jack, HasJack};
+    ///
+    /// let jack: &Jack = Jacked::default().jack();
+    ///
+    /// #[derive(Default)] struct Jacked<'j>(Jack<'j>);
+    ///
+    /// impl<'j> HasJack<'j> for Jacked<'j> {
+    ///     fn jack (&self) -> &Jack<'j> { &self.0 }
+    /// }
+    /// ```
+    pub trait HasJack<'j>: Send + Sync {
+
+        /// Return the internal [jack::Client] handle
+        /// that lets you call the JACK API.
+        fn jack (&self) -> &Jack<'j>;
+
+        fn with_client <T> (&self, op: impl FnOnce(&Client)->T) -> T {
+            self.jack().with_client(op)
+        }
+
+        fn port_by_name (&self, name: &str) -> Option<Port<Unowned>> {
+            self.with_client(|client|client.port_by_name(name))
+        }
+
+        fn port_by_id (&self, id: u32) -> Option<Port<Unowned>> {
+            self.with_client(|c|c.port_by_id(id))
+        }
+
+        fn register_port <PS: PortSpec + Default> (&self, name: impl AsRef<str>) -> Usually<Port<PS>> {
+            self.with_client(|client|Ok(client.register_port(name.as_ref(), PS::default())?))
+        }
+
+        fn sync_lead (&self, enable: bool, callback: impl Fn(TimebaseInfo)->Position) -> Usually<()> {
+            if enable {
+                self.with_client(|client|match client.register_timebase_callback(false, callback) {
+                   Ok(_) => Ok(()),
+                    Err(e) => Err(e)
+                })?
+            }
+            Ok(())
+        }
+
+        fn sync_follow (&self, _enable: bool) -> Usually<()> {
+            // TODO: sync follow
+            Ok(())
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Trait for thing that has a JACK process callback.
+    pub trait Audio {
+
+        /// Handle a JACK event.
+        fn handle (&mut self, _event: JackEvent) {}
+
+        /// Projecss a JACK chunk.
+        fn process (&mut self, _: &Client, _: &ProcessScope) -> Control {
+            Control::Continue
+        }
+
+        /// The JACK process callback function passed to the server.
+        fn callback (
+            state: &Arc<RwLock<Self>>, client: &Client, scope: &ProcessScope
+        ) -> Control where Self: Sized {
+            if let Ok(mut state) = state.write() {
+                state.process(client, scope)
+            } else {
+                Control::Quit
+            }
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    /// Implement [Audio]: provide JACK callbacks.
+    #[macro_export] macro_rules! impl_audio {
+
+        (|
+            $self1:ident:
+            $Struct:ident$(<$($L:lifetime),*$($T:ident$(:$U:path)?),*>)?,$c:ident,$s:ident
+        |$cb:expr$(;|$self2:ident,$e:ident|$cb2:expr)?) => {
+            impl $(<$($L),*$($T $(: $U)?),*>)? Audio for $Struct $(<$($L),*$($T),*>)? {
+                #[inline] fn process (&mut $self1, $c: &Client, $s: &ProcessScope) -> Control { $cb }
+                $(#[inline] fn handle (&mut $self2, $e: JackEvent) { $cb2 })?
+            }
+        };
+
+        ($Struct:ident: $process:ident, $handle:ident) => {
+            impl Audio for $Struct {
+                #[inline] fn process (&mut self, c: &Client, s: &ProcessScope) -> Control {
+                    $process(self, c, s)
+                }
+                #[inline] fn handle (&mut self, e: JackEvent) {
+                    $handle(self, e)
+                }
+            }
+        };
+
+        ($Struct:ident: $process:ident) => {
+            impl Audio for $Struct {
+                #[inline] fn process (&mut self, c: &Client, s: &ProcessScope) -> Control {
+                    $process(self, c, s)
+                }
+            }
+        };
+
+    }
+
+    pub trait JackPerfModel {
+        fn update_from_jack_scope (&self, t0: Option<u64>, scope: &ProcessScope);
+    }
 }