//! Buffers to safely work with audio samples.

use num_traits::Float;

use std::slice;

/// `AudioBuffer` contains references to the audio buffers for all input and output channels.
///
/// To create an `AudioBuffer` in a host, use a [`HostBuffer`](../host/struct.HostBuffer.html).
pub struct AudioBuffer<'a, T: 'a + Float> {
    inputs: &'a [*const T],
    outputs: &'a mut [*mut T],
    samples: usize,
}

impl<'a, T: 'a + Float> AudioBuffer<'a, T> {
    /// Create an `AudioBuffer` from raw pointers.
    /// Only really useful for interacting with the VST API.
    #[inline]
    pub unsafe fn from_raw(
        input_count: usize,
        output_count: usize,
        inputs_raw: *const *const T,
        outputs_raw: *mut *mut T,
        samples: usize,
    ) -> Self {
        Self {
            inputs: slice::from_raw_parts(inputs_raw, input_count),
            outputs: slice::from_raw_parts_mut(outputs_raw, output_count),
            samples,
        }
    }

    /// The number of input channels that this buffer was created for
    #[inline]
    pub fn input_count(&self) -> usize {
        self.inputs.len()
    }

    /// The number of output channels that this buffer was created for
    #[inline]
    pub fn output_count(&self) -> usize {
        self.outputs.len()
    }

    /// The number of samples in this buffer (same for all channels)
    #[inline]
    pub fn samples(&self) -> usize {
        self.samples
    }

    /// The raw inputs to pass to processReplacing
    #[inline]
    pub(crate) fn raw_inputs(&self) -> &[*const T] {
        self.inputs
    }

    /// The raw outputs to pass to processReplacing
    #[inline]
    pub(crate) fn raw_outputs(&mut self) -> &mut [*mut T] {
        &mut self.outputs
    }

    /// Split this buffer into separate inputs and outputs.
    #[inline]
    pub fn split<'b>(&'b mut self) -> (Inputs<'b, T>, Outputs<'b, T>)
    where
        'a: 'b,
    {
        (
            Inputs {
                bufs: self.inputs,
                samples: self.samples,
            },
            Outputs {
                bufs: self.outputs,
                samples: self.samples,
            },
        )
    }

    /// Create an iterator over pairs of input buffers and output buffers.
    #[inline]
    pub fn zip<'b>(&'b mut self) -> AudioBufferIterator<'a, 'b, T> {
        AudioBufferIterator {
            audio_buffer: self,
            index: 0,
        }
    }
}

/// Iterator over pairs of buffers of input channels and output channels.
pub struct AudioBufferIterator<'a, 'b, T>
where
    T: 'a + Float,
    'a: 'b,
{
    audio_buffer: &'b mut AudioBuffer<'a, T>,
    index: usize,
}

impl<'a, 'b, T> Iterator for AudioBufferIterator<'a, 'b, T>
where
    T: 'b + Float,
{
    type Item = (&'b [T], &'b mut [T]);

    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
        if self.index < self.audio_buffer.inputs.len() && self.index < self.audio_buffer.outputs.len() {
            let input =
                unsafe { slice::from_raw_parts(self.audio_buffer.inputs[self.index], self.audio_buffer.samples) };
            let output =
                unsafe { slice::from_raw_parts_mut(self.audio_buffer.outputs[self.index], self.audio_buffer.samples) };
            let val = (input, output);
            self.index += 1;
            Some(val)
        } else {
            None
        }
    }
}

use std::ops::{Index, IndexMut};

/// Wrapper type to access the buffers for the input channels of an `AudioBuffer` in a safe way.
/// Behaves like a slice.
#[derive(Copy, Clone)]
pub struct Inputs<'a, T: 'a> {
    bufs: &'a [*const T],
    samples: usize,
}

impl<'a, T> Inputs<'a, T> {
    /// Number of channels
    pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
        self.bufs.len()
    }

    /// Returns true if the buffer is empty
    pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
        self.len() == 0
    }

    /// Access channel at the given index
    pub fn get(&self, i: usize) -> &'a [T] {
        unsafe { slice::from_raw_parts(self.bufs[i], self.samples) }
    }

    /// Split borrowing at the given index, like for slices
    pub fn split_at(&self, i: usize) -> (Inputs<'a, T>, Inputs<'a, T>) {
        let (l, r) = self.bufs.split_at(i);
        (
            Inputs {
                bufs: l,
                samples: self.samples,
            },
            Inputs {
                bufs: r,
                samples: self.samples,
            },
        )
    }
}

impl<'a, T> Index<usize> for Inputs<'a, T> {
    type Output = [T];

    fn index(&self, i: usize) -> &Self::Output {
        self.get(i)
    }
}

/// Iterator over buffers for input channels of an `AudioBuffer`.
pub struct InputIterator<'a, T: 'a> {
    data: Inputs<'a, T>,
    i: usize,
}

impl<'a, T> Iterator for InputIterator<'a, T> {
    type Item = &'a [T];

    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
        if self.i < self.data.len() {
            let val = self.data.get(self.i);
            self.i += 1;
            Some(val)
        } else {
            None
        }
    }
}

impl<'a, T: Sized> IntoIterator for Inputs<'a, T> {
    type Item = &'a [T];
    type IntoIter = InputIterator<'a, T>;

    fn into_iter(self) -> Self::IntoIter {
        InputIterator { data: self, i: 0 }
    }
}

/// Wrapper type to access the buffers for the output channels of an `AudioBuffer` in a safe way.
/// Behaves like a slice.
pub struct Outputs<'a, T: 'a> {
    bufs: &'a [*mut T],
    samples: usize,
}

impl<'a, T> Outputs<'a, T> {
    /// Number of channels
    pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
        self.bufs.len()
    }

    /// Returns true if the buffer is empty
    pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
        self.len() == 0
    }

    /// Access channel at the given index
    pub fn get(&self, i: usize) -> &'a [T] {
        unsafe { slice::from_raw_parts(self.bufs[i], self.samples) }
    }

    /// Mutably access channel at the given index
    pub fn get_mut(&mut self, i: usize) -> &'a mut [T] {
        unsafe { slice::from_raw_parts_mut(self.bufs[i], self.samples) }
    }

    /// Split borrowing at the given index, like for slices
    pub fn split_at_mut(self, i: usize) -> (Outputs<'a, T>, Outputs<'a, T>) {
        let (l, r) = self.bufs.split_at(i);
        (
            Outputs {
                bufs: l,
                samples: self.samples,
            },
            Outputs {
                bufs: r,
                samples: self.samples,
            },
        )
    }
}

impl<'a, T> Index<usize> for Outputs<'a, T> {
    type Output = [T];

    fn index(&self, i: usize) -> &Self::Output {
        self.get(i)
    }
}

impl<'a, T> IndexMut<usize> for Outputs<'a, T> {
    fn index_mut(&mut self, i: usize) -> &mut Self::Output {
        self.get_mut(i)
    }
}

/// Iterator over buffers for output channels of an `AudioBuffer`.
pub struct OutputIterator<'a, 'b, T>
where
    T: 'a,
    'a: 'b,
{
    data: &'b mut Outputs<'a, T>,
    i: usize,
}

impl<'a, 'b, T> Iterator for OutputIterator<'a, 'b, T>
where
    T: 'b,
{
    type Item = &'b mut [T];

    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
        if self.i < self.data.len() {
            let val = self.data.get_mut(self.i);
            self.i += 1;
            Some(val)
        } else {
            None
        }
    }
}

impl<'a, 'b, T: Sized> IntoIterator for &'b mut Outputs<'a, T> {
    type Item = &'b mut [T];
    type IntoIter = OutputIterator<'a, 'b, T>;

    fn into_iter(self) -> Self::IntoIter {
        OutputIterator { data: self, i: 0 }
    }
}

use crate::event::{Event, MidiEvent, SysExEvent};

/// This is used as a placeholder to pre-allocate space for a fixed number of
/// midi events in the re-useable `SendEventBuffer`, because `SysExEvent` is
/// larger than `MidiEvent`, so either one can be stored in a `SysExEvent`.
pub type PlaceholderEvent = api::SysExEvent;

/// This trait is used by `SendEventBuffer::send_events` to accept iterators over midi events
pub trait WriteIntoPlaceholder {
    /// writes an event into the given placeholder memory location
    fn write_into(&self, out: &mut PlaceholderEvent);
}

impl<'a, T: WriteIntoPlaceholder> WriteIntoPlaceholder for &'a T {
    fn write_into(&self, out: &mut PlaceholderEvent) {
        (*self).write_into(out);
    }
}

impl WriteIntoPlaceholder for MidiEvent {
    fn write_into(&self, out: &mut PlaceholderEvent) {
        let out = unsafe { &mut *(out as *mut _ as *mut _) };
        *out = api::MidiEvent {
            event_type: api::EventType::Midi,
            byte_size: mem::size_of::<api::MidiEvent>() as i32,
            delta_frames: self.delta_frames,
            flags: if self.live {
                api::MidiEventFlags::REALTIME_EVENT.bits()
            } else {
                0
            },
            note_length: self.note_length.unwrap_or(0),
            note_offset: self.note_offset.unwrap_or(0),
            midi_data: self.data,
            _midi_reserved: 0,
            detune: self.detune,
            note_off_velocity: self.note_off_velocity,
            _reserved1: 0,
            _reserved2: 0,
        };
    }
}

impl<'a> WriteIntoPlaceholder for SysExEvent<'a> {
    fn write_into(&self, out: &mut PlaceholderEvent) {
        *out = PlaceholderEvent {
            event_type: api::EventType::SysEx,
            byte_size: mem::size_of::<PlaceholderEvent>() as i32,
            delta_frames: self.delta_frames,
            _flags: 0,
            data_size: self.payload.len() as i32,
            _reserved1: 0,
            system_data: self.payload.as_ptr() as *const u8 as *mut u8,
            _reserved2: 0,
        };
    }
}

impl<'a> WriteIntoPlaceholder for Event<'a> {
    fn write_into(&self, out: &mut PlaceholderEvent) {
        match *self {
            Event::Midi(ref ev) => {
                ev.write_into(out);
            }
            Event::SysEx(ref ev) => {
                ev.write_into(out);
            }
            Event::Deprecated(e) => {
                let out = unsafe { &mut *(out as *mut _ as *mut _) };
                *out = e;
            }
        };
    }
}

use crate::{api, host::Host};
use std::mem;

/// This buffer is used for sending midi events through the VST interface.
/// The purpose of this is to convert outgoing midi events from `event::Event` to `api::Events`.
/// It only allocates memory in new() and reuses the memory between calls.
pub struct SendEventBuffer {
    buf: Vec<u8>,
    api_events: Vec<PlaceholderEvent>, // using SysExEvent to store both because it's larger than MidiEvent
}

impl Default for SendEventBuffer {
    fn default() -> Self {
        SendEventBuffer::new(1024)
    }
}

impl SendEventBuffer {
    /// Creates a buffer for sending up to the given number of midi events per frame
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn new(capacity: usize) -> Self {
        let header_size = mem::size_of::<api::Events>() - (mem::size_of::<*mut api::Event>() * 2);
        let body_size = mem::size_of::<*mut api::Event>() * capacity;
        let mut buf = vec![0u8; header_size + body_size];
        let api_events = vec![unsafe { mem::zeroed::<PlaceholderEvent>() }; capacity];
        {
            let ptrs = {
                let e = Self::buf_as_api_events(&mut buf);
                e.num_events = capacity as i32;
                e.events_raw_mut()
            };
            for (ptr, event) in ptrs.iter_mut().zip(&api_events) {
                let (ptr, event): (&mut *const PlaceholderEvent, &PlaceholderEvent) = (ptr, event);
                *ptr = event;
            }
        }
        Self { buf, api_events }
    }

    /// Sends events to the host. See the `fwd_midi` example.
    ///
    /// # Example
    /// ```no_run
    /// # use vst::plugin::{Info, Plugin, HostCallback};
    /// # use vst::buffer::{AudioBuffer, SendEventBuffer};
    /// # use vst::host::Host;
    /// # use vst::event::*;
    /// # struct ExamplePlugin { host: HostCallback, send_buffer: SendEventBuffer }
    /// # impl Plugin for ExamplePlugin {
    /// #     fn new(host: HostCallback) -> Self { Self { host, send_buffer: Default::default() } }
    /// #
    /// #     fn get_info(&self) -> Info { Default::default() }
    /// #
    /// fn process(&mut self, buffer: &mut AudioBuffer<f32>){
    ///     let events: Vec<MidiEvent> = vec![
    ///         // ...
    ///     ];
    ///     self.send_buffer.send_events(&events, &mut self.host);
    /// }
    /// # }
    /// ```
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn send_events<T: IntoIterator<Item = U>, U: WriteIntoPlaceholder>(&mut self, events: T, host: &mut dyn Host) {
        self.store_events(events);
        host.process_events(self.events());
    }

    /// Stores events in the buffer, replacing the buffer's current content.
    /// Use this in [`process_events`](crate::Plugin::process_events) to store received input events, then read them in [`process`](crate::Plugin::process) using [`events`](SendEventBuffer::events).
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn store_events<T: IntoIterator<Item = U>, U: WriteIntoPlaceholder>(&mut self, events: T) {
        #[allow(clippy::suspicious_map)]
        let count = events
            .into_iter()
            .zip(self.api_events.iter_mut())
            .map(|(ev, out)| ev.write_into(out))
            .count();
        self.set_num_events(count);
    }

    /// Returns a reference to the stored events
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn events(&self) -> &api::Events {
        #[allow(clippy::cast_ptr_alignment)]
        unsafe {
            &*(self.buf.as_ptr() as *const api::Events)
        }
    }

    /// Clears the buffer
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn clear(&mut self) {
        self.set_num_events(0);
    }

    #[inline(always)]
    fn buf_as_api_events(buf: &mut [u8]) -> &mut api::Events {
        #[allow(clippy::cast_ptr_alignment)]
        unsafe {
            &mut *(buf.as_mut_ptr() as *mut api::Events)
        }
    }

    #[inline(always)]
    fn set_num_events(&mut self, events_len: usize) {
        use std::cmp::min;
        let e = Self::buf_as_api_events(&mut self.buf);
        e.num_events = min(self.api_events.len(), events_len) as i32;
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use crate::buffer::AudioBuffer;

    /// Size of buffers used in tests.
    const SIZE: usize = 1024;

    /// Test that creating and zipping buffers works.
    ///
    /// This test creates a channel for 2 inputs and 2 outputs.
    /// The input channels are simply values
    /// from 0 to `SIZE-1` (e.g. [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, .. , SIZE - 1])
    /// and the output channels are just 0.
    /// This test assures that when the buffers are zipped together,
    /// the input values do not change.
    #[test]
    fn buffer_zip() {
        let in1: Vec<f32> = (0..SIZE).map(|x| x as f32).collect();
        let in2 = in1.clone();

        let mut out1 = vec![0.0; SIZE];
        let mut out2 = out1.clone();

        let inputs = vec![in1.as_ptr(), in2.as_ptr()];
        let mut outputs = vec![out1.as_mut_ptr(), out2.as_mut_ptr()];
        let mut buffer = unsafe { AudioBuffer::from_raw(2, 2, inputs.as_ptr(), outputs.as_mut_ptr(), SIZE) };

        for (input, output) in buffer.zip() {
            input.iter().zip(output.iter_mut()).fold(0, |acc, (input, output)| {
                assert_eq!(*input, acc as f32);
                assert_eq!(*output, 0.0);
                acc + 1
            });
        }
    }

    // Test that the `zip()` method returns an iterator that gives `n` elements
    // where n is the number of inputs when this is lower than the number of outputs.
    #[test]
    fn buffer_zip_fewer_inputs_than_outputs() {
        let in1 = vec![1.0; SIZE];
        let in2 = vec![2.0; SIZE];

        let mut out1 = vec![3.0; SIZE];
        let mut out2 = vec![4.0; SIZE];
        let mut out3 = vec![5.0; SIZE];

        let inputs = vec![in1.as_ptr(), in2.as_ptr()];
        let mut outputs = vec![out1.as_mut_ptr(), out2.as_mut_ptr(), out3.as_mut_ptr()];
        let mut buffer = unsafe { AudioBuffer::from_raw(2, 3, inputs.as_ptr(), outputs.as_mut_ptr(), SIZE) };

        let mut iter = buffer.zip();
        if let Some((observed_in1, observed_out1)) = iter.next() {
            assert_eq!(1.0, observed_in1[0]);
            assert_eq!(3.0, observed_out1[0]);
        } else {
            unreachable!();
        }

        if let Some((observed_in2, observed_out2)) = iter.next() {
            assert_eq!(2.0, observed_in2[0]);
            assert_eq!(4.0, observed_out2[0]);
        } else {
            unreachable!();
        }

        assert_eq!(None, iter.next());
    }

    // Test that the `zip()` method returns an iterator that gives `n` elements
    // where n is the number of outputs when this is lower than the number of inputs.
    #[test]
    fn buffer_zip_more_inputs_than_outputs() {
        let in1 = vec![1.0; SIZE];
        let in2 = vec![2.0; SIZE];
        let in3 = vec![3.0; SIZE];

        let mut out1 = vec![4.0; SIZE];
        let mut out2 = vec![5.0; SIZE];

        let inputs = vec![in1.as_ptr(), in2.as_ptr(), in3.as_ptr()];
        let mut outputs = vec![out1.as_mut_ptr(), out2.as_mut_ptr()];
        let mut buffer = unsafe { AudioBuffer::from_raw(3, 2, inputs.as_ptr(), outputs.as_mut_ptr(), SIZE) };

        let mut iter = buffer.zip();

        if let Some((observed_in1, observed_out1)) = iter.next() {
            assert_eq!(1.0, observed_in1[0]);
            assert_eq!(4.0, observed_out1[0]);
        } else {
            unreachable!();
        }

        if let Some((observed_in2, observed_out2)) = iter.next() {
            assert_eq!(2.0, observed_in2[0]);
            assert_eq!(5.0, observed_out2[0]);
        } else {
            unreachable!();
        }

        assert_eq!(None, iter.next());
    }

    /// Test that creating buffers from raw pointers works.
    #[test]
    fn from_raw() {
        let in1: Vec<f32> = (0..SIZE).map(|x| x as f32).collect();
        let in2 = in1.clone();

        let mut out1 = vec![0.0; SIZE];
        let mut out2 = out1.clone();

        let inputs = vec![in1.as_ptr(), in2.as_ptr()];
        let mut outputs = vec![out1.as_mut_ptr(), out2.as_mut_ptr()];
        let mut buffer = unsafe { AudioBuffer::from_raw(2, 2, inputs.as_ptr(), outputs.as_mut_ptr(), SIZE) };

        for (input, output) in buffer.zip() {
            input.iter().zip(output.iter_mut()).fold(0, |acc, (input, output)| {
                assert_eq!(*input, acc as f32);
                assert_eq!(*output, 0.0);
                acc + 1
            });
        }
    }
}