diff --git a/src/device/sequencer.rs b/src/device/sequencer.rs
index 63b3f64c..d4511587 100644
--- a/src/device/sequencer.rs
+++ b/src/device/sequencer.rs
@@ -415,10 +415,10 @@ fn draw_horizontal (s: &Sequencer, buf: &mut Buffer, area: Rect) -> Usually<Rect
 }
 
 pub fn handle (s: &mut Sequencer, event: &AppEvent) -> Usually<bool> {
-    handle_keymap(COMMANDS, s, event)
+    handle_keymap(s, event, KEYMAP)
 }
 
-pub const COMMANDS: &'static [KeyBinding<Sequencer>] = keymap!(Sequencer {
+pub const KEYMAP: &'static [KeyBinding<Sequencer>] = keymap!(Sequencer {
     [Up,        NONE,  "cursor_up",     "move cursor up",           cursor_up],
     [Down,      NONE,  "cursor_down",   "move cursor down",         cursor_down],
     [Left,      NONE,  "cursor_left",   "move cursor left",         cursor_left],
@@ -444,9 +444,10 @@ pub const COMMANDS: &'static [KeyBinding<Sequencer>] = keymap!(Sequencer {
     [Char('s'), SHIFT, "sync",          "Focus sync selector",      nop]
 });
 
-fn nop (_: &mut Sequencer) {
+fn nop (_: &mut Sequencer) -> Usually<bool> {
+    Ok(false)
 }
-fn note_add (s: &mut Sequencer) {
+fn note_add (s: &mut Sequencer) -> Usually<bool> {
     let pos      = s.transport.query().unwrap().pos;
     let usecs    = s.timebase.frame_to_usec(pos.frame() as usize);
     let step     = (s.time_axis.0 + s.time_cursor) as u32;
@@ -464,62 +465,75 @@ fn note_add (s: &mut Sequencer) {
         s.sequence.get_mut(&end).unwrap().push(note_off.clone());
     } else {
         s.sequence.insert(end, vec![note_off]);
-    }
+    };
+    Ok(true)
 }
-fn note_del (_: &mut Sequencer) {
+fn note_del (_: &mut Sequencer) -> Usually<bool> {
+    Ok(true)
 }
-fn time_cursor_inc (s: &mut Sequencer) {
+fn time_cursor_inc (s: &mut Sequencer) -> Usually<bool> {
     let time = s.time_axis.1 - s.time_axis.0;
-    s.time_cursor = ((time + s.time_cursor) + 1) % time
+    s.time_cursor = ((time + s.time_cursor) + 1) % time;
+    Ok(true)
 }
-fn time_cursor_dec (s: &mut Sequencer) {
+fn time_cursor_dec (s: &mut Sequencer) -> Usually<bool> {
     let time = s.time_axis.1 - s.time_axis.0;
-    s.time_cursor = ((time + s.time_cursor) - 1) % time
+    s.time_cursor = ((time + s.time_cursor) - 1) % time;
+    Ok(true)
 }
-fn note_cursor_inc (s: &mut Sequencer) {
+fn note_cursor_inc (s: &mut Sequencer) -> Usually<bool> {
     let note = s.note_axis.1 - s.note_axis.0;
-    s.note_cursor = ((note + s.note_cursor) + 1) % note
+    s.note_cursor = ((note + s.note_cursor) + 1) % note;
+    Ok(true)
 }
-fn note_cursor_dec (s: &mut Sequencer) {
+fn note_cursor_dec (s: &mut Sequencer) -> Usually<bool> {
     let note = s.note_axis.1 - s.note_axis.0;
-    s.note_cursor = ((note + s.note_cursor) - 1) % note
+    s.note_cursor = ((note + s.note_cursor) - 1) % note;
+    Ok(true)
 }
-fn cursor_up (s: &mut Sequencer) {
+fn cursor_up (s: &mut Sequencer) -> Usually<bool> {
     match s.mode {
         SequencerView::Vertical   => time_cursor_dec(s),
         SequencerView::Horizontal => note_cursor_dec(s),
         _ => unimplemented!()
-    }
+    };
+    Ok(true)
 }
-fn cursor_down (s: &mut Sequencer) {
+fn cursor_down (s: &mut Sequencer) -> Usually<bool> {
     match s.mode {
         SequencerView::Vertical   => time_cursor_inc(s),
         SequencerView::Horizontal => note_cursor_inc(s),
         _ => unimplemented!()
-    }
+    };
+    Ok(true)
 }
-fn cursor_left (s: &mut Sequencer) {
+fn cursor_left (s: &mut Sequencer) -> Usually<bool> {
     match s.mode {
         SequencerView::Vertical   => note_cursor_dec(s),
         SequencerView::Horizontal => time_cursor_dec(s),
         _ => unimplemented!()
-    }
+    };
+    Ok(true)
 }
-fn cursor_right (s: &mut Sequencer) {
+fn cursor_right (s: &mut Sequencer) -> Usually<bool> {
     match s.mode {
         SequencerView::Vertical   => note_cursor_inc(s),
         SequencerView::Horizontal => time_cursor_inc(s),
         _ => unimplemented!()
-    }
+    };
+    Ok(true)
 }
-fn cursor_duration_inc (_: &mut Sequencer) {
+fn cursor_duration_inc (_: &mut Sequencer) -> Usually<bool> {
     //s.cursor.2 = s.cursor.2 + 1
+    Ok(true)
 }
-fn cursor_duration_dec (_: &mut Sequencer) {
+fn cursor_duration_dec (_: &mut Sequencer) -> Usually<bool> {
     //if s.cursor.2 > 0 { s.cursor.2 = s.cursor.2 - 1 }
+    Ok(true)
 }
-fn mode_next (s: &mut Sequencer) {
-    s.mode = s.mode.next()
+fn mode_next (s: &mut Sequencer) -> Usually<bool> {
+    s.mode = s.mode.next();
+    Ok(true)
 }
 impl SequencerView {
     fn next (&self) -> Self {
@@ -530,27 +544,33 @@ impl SequencerView {
         }
     }
 }
-fn stop_and_rewind (s: &mut Sequencer) {
-    s.playing = false
+fn stop_and_rewind (s: &mut Sequencer) -> Usually<bool> {
+    s.playing = false;
+    Ok(true)
 }
-fn toggle_play (s: &mut Sequencer) {
-    s.playing = !s.playing
+fn toggle_play (s: &mut Sequencer) -> Usually<bool> {
+    s.playing = !s.playing;
+    Ok(true)
 }
-fn toggle_record (s: &mut Sequencer) {
-    s.recording = !s.recording
+fn toggle_record (s: &mut Sequencer) -> Usually<bool> {
+    s.recording = !s.recording;
+    Ok(true)
 }
-fn toggle_overdub (s: &mut Sequencer) {
-    s.overdub = !s.overdub
+fn toggle_overdub (s: &mut Sequencer) -> Usually<bool> {
+    s.overdub = !s.overdub;
+    Ok(true)
 }
-fn quantize_next (s: &mut Sequencer) {
+fn quantize_next (s: &mut Sequencer) -> Usually<bool> {
     if s.resolution < 64 {
-        s.resolution = s.resolution * 2
+        s.resolution = s.resolution * 2;
     }
+    Ok(true)
 }
-fn quantize_prev (s: &mut Sequencer) {
+fn quantize_prev (s: &mut Sequencer) -> Usually<bool> {
     if s.resolution > 1 {
-        s.resolution = s.resolution / 2
+        s.resolution = s.resolution / 2;
     }
+    Ok(true)
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)] mod test {
diff --git a/src/layout.rs b/src/layout.rs
index 2362878e..98303869 100644
--- a/src/layout.rs
+++ b/src/layout.rs
@@ -1,51 +1,148 @@
 use crate::prelude::*;
 
+pub trait Focus {
+    fn focused (&self) -> Option<&Box<dyn Device>>;
+    fn focused_mut (&mut self) -> Option<&mut Box<dyn Device>>;
+    fn handle_focus (&mut self, event: &FocusEvent) -> Usually<bool>;
+}
+
+enum FocusEvent {
+    Forward,
+    Backward,
+    Inward,
+    Outward,
+}
+
+fn handle_focus <T: Device + Focus> (
+    state:  &mut T,
+    event:  &AppEvent,
+    keymap: &[KeyBinding<T>]
+) -> Usually<bool> {
+    return Ok(if let Some(focused) = state.focused_mut() {
+        focused.handle(event)
+    } else {
+        Ok(false)
+    }? || handle_keymap(
+        state, event, keymap
+    )?)
+}
+
 pub struct Rows {
     focused: bool,
     focus:   usize,
     items:   Vec<Box<dyn Device>>,
 }
 
+pub struct Columns {
+    focused: bool,
+    focus:   usize,
+    items:   Vec<Box<dyn Device>>,
+}
+
 impl Rows {
     pub fn new (focused: bool, items: Vec<Box<dyn Device>>) -> Self {
         Self { focused, focus: 0, items }
     }
 }
 
-impl Device for Rows {
-    fn handle (&mut self, event: &AppEvent) -> Usually<bool> {
-        Ok(self.items[self.focus].handle(event)? || match event {
-            AppEvent::Input(event) => match event {
-                Event::Key(KeyEvent { code: KeyCode::Up, .. }) => {
-                    if self.focus == 0 {
-                        self.focus = self.items.len();
-                    }
-                    self.focus = self.focus - 1;
-                    true
-                },
-                Event::Key(KeyEvent { code: KeyCode::Down, .. }) => {
-                    self.focus = self.focus + 1;
-                    if self.focus >= self.items.len() {
-                        self.focus = 0;
-                    }
-                    true
-                },
-                Event::Key(KeyEvent { code: KeyCode::Enter, .. }) => {
-                    self.focused = true;
-                    self.items[self.focus].handle(&AppEvent::Focus)?;
-                    true
-                },
-                Event::Key(KeyEvent { code: KeyCode::Esc, .. }) => {
-                    self.focused = false;
-                    self.items[self.focus].handle(&AppEvent::Blur)?;
-                    true
-                },
-                _ => {
-                    false
+impl Columns {
+    pub fn new (focused: bool, items: Vec<Box<dyn Device>>) -> Self {
+        Self { focused, focus: 0, items }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Focus for Rows {
+    fn focused (&self) -> Option<&Box<dyn Device>> {
+        match self.focused {
+            true  => self.items.get(self.focus),
+            false => None
+        }
+    }
+    fn focused_mut (&mut self) -> Option<&mut Box<dyn Device>> {
+        match self.focused {
+            true  => self.items.get_mut(self.focus),
+            false => None
+        }
+    }
+    fn handle_focus (&mut self, event: &FocusEvent) -> Usually<bool> {
+        match event {
+            FocusEvent::Backward => {
+                if self.focus == 0 {
+                    self.focus = self.items.len();
+                }
+                self.focus = self.focus - 1;
+            },
+            FocusEvent::Forward => {
+                self.focus = self.focus + 1;
+                if self.focus >= self.items.len() {
+                    self.focus = 0;
                 }
             },
-            _ => false
-        })
+            FocusEvent::Inward => {
+                self.focused = true;
+                self.items[self.focus].handle(&AppEvent::Focus)?;
+            },
+            FocusEvent::Outward => {
+                self.focused = false;
+                self.items[self.focus].handle(&AppEvent::Blur)?;
+            },
+        };
+        Ok(true)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Focus for Columns {
+    fn focused (&self) -> Option<&Box<dyn Device>> {
+        match self.focused {
+            true  => self.items.get(self.focus),
+            false => None
+        }
+    }
+    fn focused_mut (&mut self) -> Option<&mut Box<dyn Device>> {
+        match self.focused {
+            true  => self.items.get_mut(self.focus),
+            false => None
+        }
+    }
+    fn handle_focus (&mut self, event: &FocusEvent) -> Usually<bool> {
+        match event {
+            FocusEvent::Backward => {
+                if self.focus == 0 {
+                    self.focus = self.items.len();
+                }
+                self.focus = self.focus - 1;
+            },
+            FocusEvent::Forward => {
+                self.focus = self.focus + 1;
+                if self.focus >= self.items.len() {
+                    self.focus = 0;
+                }
+            },
+            FocusEvent::Inward => {
+                self.focused = true;
+                self.items[self.focus].handle(&AppEvent::Focus)?;
+            },
+            FocusEvent::Outward => {
+                self.focused = false;
+                self.items[self.focus].handle(&AppEvent::Blur)?;
+            },
+        };
+        Ok(true)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Device for Rows {
+    fn handle (&mut self, event: &AppEvent) -> Usually<bool> {
+        handle_focus(self, event, keymap!(Self {
+            [Up,    NONE, "focus_up",   "focus row above",
+                |s: &mut Self|s.handle_focus(&FocusEvent::Backward)],
+            [Down,  NONE, "focus_down", "focus row below",
+                |s: &mut Self|s.handle_focus(&FocusEvent::Forward)],
+            [Enter, NONE, "focus_down", "focus row below",
+                |s: &mut Self|s.handle_focus(&FocusEvent::Inward)],
+            [Esc,   NONE, "focus_down", "focus row below",
+                |s: &mut Self|s.handle_focus(&FocusEvent::Outward)]
+        }))
     }
     fn render (&self, buf: &mut Buffer, area: Rect) -> Usually<Rect> {
         let mut w = 0u16;
@@ -72,66 +169,18 @@ impl Device for Rows {
     }
 }
 
-pub struct Columns {
-    focused: bool,
-    focus:   usize,
-    items:   Vec<Box<dyn Device>>,
-}
-
-impl Columns {
-    pub fn new (focused: bool, items: Vec<Box<dyn Device>>) -> Self {
-        Self { focused, focus: 0, items }
-    }
-}
-
 impl Device for Columns {
-
     fn handle (&mut self, event: &AppEvent) -> Usually<bool> {
-        let focused = match self.focused {
-            true  => Some(self.items.get_mut(self.focus).unwrap()),
-            false => None
-        };
-
-        let handled = if let Some(item) = focused {
-            item.handle(event)?
-        } else {
-            false
-        };
-
-        if handled {
-            return Ok(true);
-        }
-
-        Ok(match event {
-            AppEvent::Input(event) => match event {
-                Event::Key(KeyEvent { code: KeyCode::Left, .. }) => {
-                    if self.focus == 0 {
-                        self.focus = self.items.len();
-                    }
-                    self.focus = self.focus - 1;
-                    true
-                },
-                Event::Key(KeyEvent { code: KeyCode::Right, .. }) => {
-                    self.focus = self.focus + 1;
-                    if self.focus >= self.items.len() {
-                        self.focus = 0;
-                    }
-                    true
-                },
-                Event::Key(KeyEvent { code: KeyCode::Enter, .. }) => {
-                    self.focused = true;
-                    self.items[self.focus].handle(&AppEvent::Focus)?;
-                    true
-                },
-                Event::Key(KeyEvent { code: KeyCode::Esc, .. }) => {
-                    self.focused = false;
-                    self.items[self.focus].handle(&AppEvent::Blur)?;
-                    true
-                },
-                _ => false
-            },
-            _ => false
-        })
+        handle_focus(self, event, keymap!(Self {
+            [Left,  NONE, "focus_up",   "focus row above",
+                |s: &mut Self|s.handle_focus(&FocusEvent::Backward)],
+            [Right, NONE, "focus_down", "focus row below",
+                |s: &mut Self|s.handle_focus(&FocusEvent::Forward)],
+            [Enter, NONE, "focus_down", "focus row below",
+                |s: &mut Self|s.handle_focus(&FocusEvent::Inward)],
+            [Esc,   NONE, "focus_down", "focus row below",
+                |s: &mut Self|s.handle_focus(&FocusEvent::Outward)]
+        }))
     }
 
     fn render (&self, buf: &mut Buffer, area: Rect) -> Usually<Rect> {
diff --git a/src/prelude.rs b/src/prelude.rs
index 453b5ac2..a57a1bba 100644
--- a/src/prelude.rs
+++ b/src/prelude.rs
@@ -90,20 +90,22 @@ pub type BoxedProcessHandler = Box<dyn FnMut(&Client, &ProcessScope)-> Control +
 
 pub type Jack<N> = AsyncClient<N, ClosureProcessHandler<BoxedProcessHandler>>;
 
+pub type KeyHandler<T> = &'static dyn Fn(&mut T)->Usually<bool>;
+
 pub type KeyBinding<T> = (
-    KeyCode, KeyModifiers, &'static str, &'static str, &'static dyn Fn(&mut T)
+    KeyCode, KeyModifiers, &'static str, &'static str, KeyHandler<T>
 );
 
 #[macro_export] macro_rules! key {
-    ($k:ident $(($char:literal))?, $m:ident, $n: literal, $d: literal, $f: ident) => {
+    ($k:ident $(($char:literal))?, $m:ident, $n: literal, $d: literal, $f: expr) => {
         (KeyCode::$k $(($char))?, KeyModifiers::$m, $n, $d, &$f)
     };
 }
 
 #[macro_export] macro_rules! keymap {
-    ($T:ty { $([$k:ident $(($char:literal))?, $m:ident, $n: literal, $d: literal, $f: ident]),* }) => {
+    ($T:ty { $([$k:ident $(($char:literal))?, $m:ident, $n: literal, $d: literal, $f: expr]),* }) => {
         &[
-            $((KeyCode::$k $(($char))?, KeyModifiers::$m, $n, $d, &$f as &'static dyn Fn(&mut $T))),*
+            $((KeyCode::$k $(($char))?, KeyModifiers::$m, $n, $d, &$f as KeyHandler<$T>)),*
         ] as &'static [KeyBinding<$T>]
     }
 }
@@ -111,11 +113,11 @@ pub type KeyBinding<T> = (
 pub use crate::{key, keymap};
 
 pub fn handle_keymap <T> (
-    commands: &[KeyBinding<T>], state: &mut T, event: &AppEvent
-) -> Result<bool, Box<dyn Error>> {
+    state: &mut T, event: &AppEvent, keymap: &[KeyBinding<T>],
+) -> Usually<bool> {
     match event {
         AppEvent::Input(Event::Key(event)) => {
-            for (code, modifiers, _, _, command) in commands.iter() {
+            for (code, modifiers, _, _, command) in keymap.iter() {
                 if *code == event.code && modifiers.bits() == event.modifiers.bits() {
                     command(state);
                     return Ok(true)