diff --git a/crates/tek_core/src/time.rs b/crates/tek_core/src/time.rs
index 57ace68d..05bdc577 100644
--- a/crates/tek_core/src/time.rs
+++ b/crates/tek_core/src/time.rs
@@ -1,30 +1,94 @@
 use crate::*;
 use std::iter::Iterator;
-/// Any numeric type that represents time
-pub trait TimeUnit: Copy + Display + PartialOrd + PartialEq
-    + Add<Self, Output=Self> + Mul<Self, Output=Self>
-    + Div<Self, Output=Self> + Rem<Self, Output=Self> {}
-impl<T> TimeUnit for T where T: Copy + Display + PartialOrd + PartialEq
-    + Add<Self, Output=Self> + Mul<Self, Output=Self>
-    + Div<Self, Output=Self> + Rem<Self, Output=Self> {}
-/// Integer time unit, such as samples, pulses, or microseconds
-pub trait TimeInteger: TimeUnit + From<usize> + Into<usize> + Copy {}
-impl<T> TimeInteger for T where T: TimeUnit + From<usize> + Into<usize> + Copy {}
-/// Floating time unit, such as beats or seconds
-pub trait TimeFloat: TimeUnit + From<f64> + Into<f64> + Copy {}
-impl<T> TimeFloat for T where T: TimeUnit + From<f64> + Into<f64> + Copy {}
-/// Defines global temporal resolutions.
-#[derive(Debug)] pub struct Timebase {
+
+pub const DEFAULT_PPQ: f64 = 96.0;
+
+/// The unit of time, an atomic 64-bit float.
+///
+/// According to https://stackoverflow.com/a/873367, as per IEEE754,
+/// every integer between 1 and 2^53 can be represented exactly.
+/// This should mean that, even at 192kHz sampling rate, over 1 year of audio
+/// can be clocked in microseconds with f64 without losing precision.
+#[derive(Debug, Default)]
+pub struct TimeUnit(AtomicF64);
+/// Temporal resolutions: sample rate, tempo, MIDI pulses per quaver (beat)
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct Timebase {
     /// Audio samples per second
-    sr:  AtomicF64,
+    pub sr:  TimeUnit,
     /// MIDI beats per minute
-    bpm: AtomicF64,
+    pub bpm: TimeUnit,
     /// MIDI ticks per beat
-    ppq: AtomicF64,
+    pub ppq: TimeUnit,
 }
+/// A point in time in all time scales (microsecond, sample, MIDI pulse)
+#[derive(Debug, Default, Clone)]
+pub struct Instant {
+    pub timebase: Arc<Timebase>,
+    /// Current time in microseconds
+    pub usec:     TimeUnit,
+    /// Current time in audio samples
+    pub sample:   TimeUnit,
+    /// Current time in MIDI pulses
+    pub pulse:    TimeUnit,
+}
+impl From<f64> for TimeUnit {
+    fn from (value: f64) -> Self { Self(value.into()) }
+}
+impl From<usize> for TimeUnit {
+    fn from (value: usize) -> Self { Self((value as f64).into()) }
+}
+pub trait TimeUnitMethods<T> {
+    fn get (&self) -> T;
+    fn set (&self, value: T);
+}
+impl TimeUnitMethods<f64> for TimeUnit {
+    fn get (&self) -> f64 { self.0.load(Ordering::Relaxed) }
+    fn set (&self, value: f64) { self.0.store(value, Ordering::Relaxed) }
+}
+impl TimeUnitMethods<usize> for TimeUnit {
+    fn get (&self) -> usize { self.0.load(Ordering::Relaxed) as usize }
+    fn set (&self, value: usize) { self.0.store(value as f64, Ordering::Relaxed) }
+}
+impl Clone for TimeUnit {
+    fn clone (&self) -> Self { Self(TimeUnitMethods::<f64>::get(self).into()) }
+}
+macro_rules! impl_op {
+    ($Op:ident, $method:ident, |$a:ident,$b:ident|{$impl:expr}) => {
+        impl $Op<Self> for TimeUnit {
+            type Output = Self;
+            #[inline] fn $method (self, other: Self) -> Self {
+                let $a = TimeUnitMethods::<f64>::get(&self);
+                let $b = TimeUnitMethods::<f64>::get(&other);
+                Self($impl.into())
+            }
+        }
+        impl $Op<usize> for TimeUnit {
+            type Output = Self;
+            #[inline] fn $method (self, other: usize) -> Self {
+                let $a = TimeUnitMethods::<f64>::get(&self);
+                let $b = other as f64;
+                Self($impl.into())
+            }
+        }
+        impl $Op<f64> for TimeUnit {
+            type Output = Self;
+            #[inline] fn $method (self, other: f64) -> Self {
+                let $a = TimeUnitMethods::<f64>::get(&self);
+                let $b = other;
+                Self($impl.into())
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+impl_op!(Add, add, |a, b|{a + b});
+impl_op!(Sub, sub, |a, b|{a - b});
+impl_op!(Mul, mul, |a, b|{a * b});
+impl_op!(Div, div, |a, b|{a / b});
+impl_op!(Rem, rem, |a, b|{a % b});
 impl Timebase {
     /// Specify sample rate, BPM and PPQ
-    pub fn new (s: impl Into<AtomicF64>, b: impl Into<AtomicF64>, p: impl Into<AtomicF64>) -> Self {
+    pub fn new (s: impl Into<TimeUnit>, b: impl Into<TimeUnit>, p: impl Into<TimeUnit>) -> Self {
         Self { sr: s.into(), bpm: b.into(), ppq: p.into() }
     }
     /// Iterate over ticks between start and end.
@@ -32,16 +96,7 @@ impl Timebase {
         TicksIterator { fpt: self.samples_per_pulse(), sample: start, start, end }
     }
 }
-/// Represents a point in time in all scales
-#[derive(Debug, Default)] pub struct Instant {
-    pub timebase: Arc<Timebase>,
-    /// Current time in microseconds
-    usec:   AtomicUsize,
-    /// Current time in audio samples
-    sample: AtomicUsize,
-    /// Current time in MIDI pulses
-    pulse:  AtomicF64,
-}
+impl Default for Timebase { fn default () -> Self { Self::new(48000f64, 150f64, 96f64) } }
 impl Instant {
     pub fn from_usec (timebase: &Arc<Timebase>, usec: usize) -> Self {
         Self {
@@ -68,22 +123,22 @@ impl Instant {
         }
     }
     pub fn update_from_usec (&self, usec: usize) {
-        self.set_usec(usec);
-        self.set_pulse(self.timebase.usecs_to_pulse(usec as f64));
-        self.set_sample(self.timebase.usecs_to_sample(usec as f64) as usize);
+        self.usec.set(usec);
+        self.pulse.set(self.timebase.usecs_to_pulse(usec as f64));
+        self.sample.set(self.timebase.usecs_to_sample(usec as f64));
     }
     pub fn update_from_sample (&self, sample: usize) {
-        self.set_usec(self.timebase.samples_to_usec(sample as f64) as usize);
-        self.set_pulse(self.timebase.samples_to_pulse(sample as f64));
-        self.set_sample(sample);
+        self.usec.set(self.timebase.samples_to_usec(sample as f64));
+        self.pulse.set(self.timebase.samples_to_pulse(sample as f64));
+        self.sample.set(sample);
     }
     pub fn update_from_pulse (&self, pulse: f64) {
-        self.set_usec(self.timebase.pulses_to_usec(pulse) as usize);
-        self.set_pulse(pulse);
-        self.set_sample(self.timebase.pulses_to_sample(pulse) as usize);
+        self.usec.set(self.timebase.pulses_to_usec(pulse));
+        self.pulse.set(pulse);
+        self.sample.set(self.timebase.pulses_to_sample(pulse));
     }
     pub fn format_beat (&self) -> String {
-        self.format_beats_float(self.pulse())
+        self.format_beats(self.pulse().get())
     }
 }
 /// Iterator that emits subsequent ticks within a range.
@@ -114,229 +169,128 @@ impl Iterator for TicksIterator {
         }
     }
 }
-/// Trait for struct that defines a sample rate in hertz (samples per second)
-pub trait SampleRate<U: TimeUnit> {
+/// Something that defines a sample rate in hertz (samples per second)
+pub trait SampleRate {
     /// Get the sample rate
-    fn sr (&self) -> U;
-    /// Set the sample rate
-    fn set_sr (&self, sr: U);
+    fn sr (&self) -> &TimeUnit;
     /// Return the duration of a sample in microseconds (floating)
-    #[inline] fn usec_per_sample (&self) -> U where U: TimeFloat {
-        U::from(1_000_000f64 / self.sr().into())
+    #[inline] fn usec_per_sample (&self) -> TimeUnit {
+        TimeUnit::from(1_000_000f64) / self.sr().get()
     }
     /// Return the duration of a sample in microseconds (floating)
-    #[inline] fn sample_per_usec (&self) -> U where U: TimeFloat {
-        U::from(self.sr().into() / 1_000_000f64)
+    #[inline] fn sample_per_usec (&self) -> TimeUnit {
+        TimeUnit::from(1_000_000f64) / self.sr().get()
     }
     /// Convert a number of samples to microseconds (floating)
-    #[inline] fn samples_to_usec (&self, samples: U) -> U where U: TimeFloat {
-        samples * self.usec_per_sample()
+    #[inline] fn samples_to_usec (&self, samples: impl Into<TimeUnit>) -> f64 {
+        samples.into() * self.usec_per_sample()
     }
     /// Convert a number of microseconds to samples (floating)
-    #[inline] fn usecs_to_sample (&self, usecs: U) -> U where U: TimeFloat, Self: SampleRate<U> {
-        usecs * self.sample_per_usec()
+    #[inline] fn usecs_to_sample (&self, usecs: impl Into<TimeUnit>) -> f64 {
+        usecs.into() * self.sample_per_usec()
     }
 }
-impl SampleRate<f64> for Timebase {
-    #[inline] fn sr (&self) -> f64 { self.sr.load(Ordering::Relaxed) }
-    #[inline] fn set_sr (&self, sr: f64) { self.sr.store(sr, Ordering::Relaxed); }
-}
-impl SampleRate<f64> for Instant {
-    #[inline] fn sr (&self) -> f64 { self.timebase.sr() }
-    #[inline] fn set_sr (&self, sr: f64) { self.timebase.set_sr(sr); }
-}
-/// Trait for struct that defines a tempo in beats per minute
-pub trait BeatsPerMinute<U: TimeFloat> {
+impl SampleRate for Timebase { #[inline] fn sr (&self) -> &TimeUnit { &self.sr } }
+impl SampleRate for Instant  { #[inline] fn sr (&self) -> &TimeUnit { self.timebase.sr() } }
+/// Something that defines a tempo in beats per minute
+pub trait BeatsPerMinute {
     /// Get the tempo
-    fn bpm (&self) -> U;
-    /// Set the tempo
-    fn set_bpm (&self, bpm: U);
+    fn bpm (&self) -> &TimeUnit;
     /// Return the duration fo a beat in microseconds
-    #[inline] fn usec_per_beat (&self) -> U {
-        U::from(60_000_000f64) / self.bpm()
-    }
+    #[inline] fn usec_per_beat (&self) -> f64 { 60_000_000f64 / self.bpm().get() }
     /// Return the number of beats in a second
-    #[inline] fn beat_per_second (&self) -> U {
-        self.bpm() / U::from(60_000_000f64)
-    }
+    #[inline] fn beat_per_second (&self) -> f64 { self.bpm().get() / 60_000_000f64 }
     /// Return the number of microseconds corresponding to a note of the given duration
-    #[inline] fn note_to_usec (&self, (num, den): (U, U)) -> U {
-        U::from(4.0) * self.usec_per_beat() * num / den
+    #[inline] fn note_to_usec (&self, (num, den): (f64, f64)) -> f64 {
+        4.0 * self.usec_per_beat() * num / den
     }
     /// Return the number of samples corresponding to a note of the given duration
-    #[inline] fn note_to_samples (&self, note: (U, U)) -> U where Self: SampleRate<U> {
+    #[inline] fn note_to_samples (&self, note: (f64, f64)) -> TimeUnit {
         self.usec_to_sample(self.note_to_usec(note))
     }
     /// Return the number of samples corresponding to the given number of microseconds
-    #[inline] fn usec_to_sample (&self, usec: U) -> U where Self: SampleRate<U> {
-        usec * self.sr() / U::from(1000f64)
+    #[inline] fn usec_to_sample (&self, usec: f64) -> TimeUnit {
+        usec * self.sr() / TimeUnit::from(1000f64)
     }
     /// Return the quantized position of a moment in time given a step
-    #[inline] fn quantize (&self, step: (U, U), time: U) -> (U, U) {
+    #[inline] fn quantize (&self, step: (f64, f64), time: f64) -> (f64, f64) {
         let step = self.note_to_usec(step);
         (time / step, time % step)
     }
     /// Quantize a collection of events
-    #[inline] fn quantize_into <E: Iterator<Item=(U, U)> + Sized, T> (
-        &self, step: (U, U), events: E
-    ) -> Vec<(U, U)> {
+    #[inline] fn quantize_into <E: Iterator<Item=(TimeUnit, TimeUnit)> + Sized, T> (
+        &self, step: (TimeUnit, TimeUnit), events: E
+    ) -> Vec<(TimeUnit, TimeUnit)> {
         events.map(|(time, event)|(self.quantize(step, time).0, event)).collect()
     }
 }
-impl BeatsPerMinute<f64> for Timebase {
-    #[inline] fn bpm (&self) -> f64 { self.bpm.load(Ordering::Relaxed) }
-    #[inline] fn set_bpm (&self, bpm: f64) { self.bpm.store(bpm, Ordering::Relaxed); }
-}
-impl BeatsPerMinute<f64> for Instant {
-    #[inline] fn bpm (&self) -> f64 { self.timebase.bpm() }
-    #[inline] fn set_bpm (&self, bpm: f64) { self.timebase.set_bpm(bpm); }
-}
-/// Trait for struct that defines a MIDI resolution in pulses per quaver (beat)
-pub trait PulsesPerQuaver<U: TimeUnit> {
-    const DEFAULT_PPQ: U;
-    /// Get the PPQ
-    fn ppq (&self) -> U;
-    /// Set the PPQ
-    fn set_ppq (&self, ppq: U);
+impl BeatsPerMinute for Timebase { #[inline] fn bpm (&self) -> &TimeUnit { &self.bpm } }
+impl BeatsPerMinute for Instant  { #[inline] fn bpm (&self) -> &TimeUnit { self.timebase.bpm() } }
+/// Something that defines a MIDI resolution in pulses per quaver (beat)
+pub trait PulsesPerQuaver {
+    // Get the PPQ
+    fn ppq (&self) -> &TimeUnit;
     /// Return duration of a pulse in microseconds (BPM-dependent)
-    #[inline] fn pulse_per_usec (&self) -> U
-        where U: TimeFloat, Self: BeatsPerMinute<U>
-    {
-        self.ppq() / self.usec_per_beat()
-    }
+    #[inline] fn pulse_per_usec (&self) -> f64 { self.ppq().get() / self.usec_per_beat() }
     /// Return duration of a pulse in microseconds (BPM-dependent)
-    #[inline] fn usec_per_pulse (&self) -> U
-        where U: TimeFloat, Self: BeatsPerMinute<U>
-    {
-        self.usec_per_beat() / self.ppq()
-    }
+    #[inline] fn usec_per_pulse (&self) -> f64 { self.usec_per_beat() / self.ppq().get() }
     /// Return number of pulses to which a number of microseconds corresponds (BPM-dependent)
-    #[inline] fn usecs_to_pulse (&self, usec: U) -> U
-        where U: TimeFloat, Self: BeatsPerMinute<U>
-    {
-        usec * self.pulse_per_usec()
-    }
+    #[inline] fn usecs_to_pulse (&self, usec: f64) -> f64 { usec * self.pulse_per_usec() }
     /// Convert a number of pulses to a sample number (SR- and BPM-dependent)
-    #[inline] fn pulses_to_usec (&self, pulse: U) -> U
-        where U: TimeFloat, Self: SampleRate<U> + BeatsPerMinute<U>
-    {
-        pulse / self.usec_per_pulse()
-    }
+    #[inline] fn pulses_to_usec (&self, pulse: f64) -> f64 { pulse / self.usec_per_pulse() }
     /// Return number of pulses in a second (BPM-dependent)
-    #[inline] fn pulses_per_second (&self) -> U
-        where U: TimeFloat, Self: BeatsPerMinute<U>
-    {
-        self.beat_per_second() * self.ppq()
-    }
+    #[inline] fn pulses_per_second (&self) -> f64 { self.beat_per_second() * self.ppq().get() }
     /// Return fraction of a pulse to which a sample corresponds (SR- and BPM-dependent)
-    #[inline] fn pulses_per_sample (&self) -> U
-        where U: TimeFloat, Self: SampleRate<U> + BeatsPerMinute<U>
-    {
-        self.usec_per_pulse() / self.usec_per_sample()
-    }
+    #[inline] fn pulses_per_sample (&self) -> f64 { self.usec_per_pulse() / self.usec_per_sample() }
     /// Convert a number of pulses to a sample number (SR- and BPM-dependent)
-    #[inline] fn pulses_to_sample (&self, p: U) -> U
-        where U: TimeFloat, Self: SampleRate<U> + BeatsPerMinute<U>
-    {
-        self.pulses_per_sample() * p
-    }
+    #[inline] fn pulses_to_sample (&self, p: f64) -> f64 { self.pulses_per_sample() * p }
     /// Convert a number of samples to a pulse number (SR- and BPM-dependent)
-    #[inline] fn samples_to_pulse (&self, s: U) -> U
-        where U: TimeFloat, Self: SampleRate<U> + BeatsPerMinute<U>
-    {
-        s / self.pulses_per_sample()
-    }
+    #[inline] fn samples_to_pulse (&self, s: f64) -> f64 { s / self.pulses_per_sample() }
     /// Return number of samples in a pulse (SR- and BPM-dependent)
-    #[inline] fn samples_per_pulse (&self) -> U
-        where U: TimeFloat, Self: SampleRate<U> + BeatsPerMinute<U>
-    {
-        self.sr() / self.pulses_per_second()
-    }
-    #[inline] fn format_beats_int (&self, pulse: U) -> String where U: TimeInteger {
-        let ppq = self.ppq();
-        let (beats, pulses) = if ppq > U::from(0) {
-            (pulse / ppq, pulse % ppq)
-        } else {
-            (U::from(0), U::from(0))
-        };
-        let bars  = (beats / U::from(4)) + U::from(1);
-        let beats = (beats % U::from(4)) + U::from(1);
-        format!("{bars}.{beats}.{pulses:02}")
-    }
-    #[inline] fn format_beats_float (&self, pulse: U) -> String where U: TimeFloat {
-        let ppq = self.ppq();
-        let (beats, pulses) = if ppq > U::from(0.) {
-            (pulse / ppq, pulse % ppq)
-        } else {
-            (U::from(0.), U::from(0.))
-        };
-        let bars  = (beats / U::from(4.)) + U::from(1.);
-        let beats = (beats % U::from(4.)) + U::from(1.);
+    #[inline] fn samples_per_pulse (&self) -> f64 { self.sr() / self.pulses_per_second() }
+    /// Format a number of pulses into Beat.Bar.Pulse
+    #[inline] fn format_beats (&self, pulse: f64) -> String {
+        let ppq: usize = self.ppq().get();
+        let (beats, pulses) = if ppq > 0 { (pulse / ppq, pulse % ppq) } else { (0, 0) };
+        let bars  = ((beats / 4) + 1) as usize;
+        let beats = ((beats % 4) + 1) as usize;
         format!("{bars}.{beats}.{pulses:02}")
     }
 }
-impl PulsesPerQuaver<f64> for Timebase {
-    const DEFAULT_PPQ: f64 = 96f64;
-    #[inline] fn ppq (&self) -> f64 { self.ppq.load(Ordering::Relaxed) }
-    #[inline] fn set_ppq (&self, ppq: f64) { self.ppq.store(ppq, Ordering::Relaxed); }
-}
-impl PulsesPerQuaver<f64> for Instant {
-    const DEFAULT_PPQ: f64 = 96f64;
-    #[inline] fn ppq (&self) -> f64 { self.timebase.ppq() }
-    #[inline] fn set_ppq (&self, ppq: f64) { self.timebase.set_ppq(ppq); }
-}
-pub trait SamplePosition<U: TimeUnit> {
-    fn sample (&self) -> U;
-    fn set_sample (&self, sample: U);
-}
-impl SamplePosition<usize> for Instant {
-    #[inline] fn sample (&self) -> usize { self.sample.load(Ordering::Relaxed) }
-    #[inline] fn set_sample (&self, s: usize) { self.sample.store(s, Ordering::Relaxed); }
-}
-pub trait PulsePosition<U: TimeUnit> {
-    fn pulse (&self) -> U;
-    fn set_pulse (&self, pulse: U);
-}
-impl PulsePosition<f64> for Instant {
-    #[inline] fn pulse (&self) -> f64 { self.pulse.load(Ordering::Relaxed) }
-    #[inline] fn set_pulse (&self, p: f64) { self.pulse.store(p, Ordering::Relaxed); }
-}
-impl PulsePosition<usize> for Instant {
-    #[inline] fn pulse (&self) -> usize { self.pulse.load(Ordering::Relaxed) as usize }
-    #[inline] fn set_pulse (&self, p: usize) { PulsePosition::<f64>::set_pulse(self, p as f64) }
-}
-pub trait UsecPosition<U: TimeUnit> {
-    fn usec (&self) -> U;
-    fn set_usec (&self, usec: U);
-    #[inline] fn format_current_usec (&self) -> String where U: From<usize> {
-        let usecs              = self.usec();
-        let (seconds, msecs)   = (usecs / U::from(1000000), usecs / U::from(1000) % U::from(1000));
-        let (minutes, seconds) = (seconds / U::from(60), seconds % U::from(60));
+impl PulsesPerQuaver for Timebase { #[inline] fn ppq (&self) -> &TimeUnit { &self.ppq } }
+impl PulsesPerQuaver for Instant  { #[inline] fn ppq (&self) -> &TimeUnit { self.timebase.ppq() } }
+/// Something that refers to a point in time in samples
+pub trait SamplePosition { fn sample (&self) -> &TimeUnit; }
+impl SamplePosition for Instant { #[inline] fn sample (&self) -> &TimeUnit { &self.sample } }
+/// Something that refers to a point in time in MIDI pulses
+pub trait PulsePosition { fn pulse (&self) -> &TimeUnit; }
+impl PulsePosition for Instant { #[inline] fn pulse (&self) -> &TimeUnit { &self.pulse } }
+/// Something that refers to a point in time in microseconds
+pub trait UsecPosition {
+    fn usec (&self) -> &TimeUnit;
+    #[inline] fn format_current_usec (&self) -> String {
+        let usecs: usize       = self.usec().get();
+        let (seconds, msecs)   = (usecs / 1000000, usecs / 1000 % 1000);
+        let (minutes, seconds) = (seconds / 60, seconds % 60);
         format!("{minutes}:{seconds:02}:{msecs:03}")
     }
 }
-impl UsecPosition<usize> for Instant {
-    #[inline] fn usec (&self) -> usize { self.usec.load(Ordering::Relaxed) }
-    #[inline] fn set_usec (&self, u: usize) { self.usec.store(u, Ordering::Relaxed); }
-}
-pub trait LaunchSync<U: TimeUnit> {
-    fn sync (&self) -> U;
-    fn set_sync (&self, sync: U);
-    #[inline] fn next_launch_pulse (&self) -> U where U: TimeInteger, Self: PulsePosition<U> {
-        let sync  = self.sync();
-        let pulse = self.pulse();
-        if pulse % sync == U::from(0) {
+impl UsecPosition for Instant { #[inline] fn usec (&self) -> &TimeUnit { &self.usec } }
+/// Something that defines launch quantization
+pub trait LaunchSync {
+    fn sync (&self) -> &TimeUnit;
+    #[inline] fn next_launch_pulse (&self) -> f64 where Self: PulsePosition {
+        let sync: f64 = self.sync().get();
+        let pulse = self.pulse().get();
+        if pulse % sync == 0. {
             pulse
         } else {
-            (pulse / sync + U::from(1)) * sync
+            (pulse / sync + 1.) * sync
         }
     }
 }
-pub trait Quantize<T> {
-    fn quant (&self) -> T;
-    fn set_quant (&self, quant: T);
-}
-impl Default for Timebase { fn default () -> Self { Self::new(48000f64, 150f64, 96f64) } }
+/// Something that defines note quantization
+pub trait Quantize<T> { fn quant (&self) -> &TimeUnit; }
 /// (pulses, name), assuming 96 PPQ
 pub const NOTE_DURATIONS: [(usize, &str);26] = [
     (1,    "1/384"),