diff --git a/src/tek.rs b/src/tek.rs
index 9337a78e..270b49cd 100644
--- a/src/tek.rs
+++ b/src/tek.rs
@@ -76,13 +76,13 @@ fn run_new_plain (config: Config) -> Usually<()> {
 #[cfg(feature = "cli")] pub mod cli {
     use crate::*;
 
-    pub fn run_with_config (config: Arc<Config>) -> Usually<()> {
+    pub fn run_with_config <'a> (config: Arc<Config<'a>>) -> UsuallyRef<'a, ()> {
         Cli::parse().run(Some(config))
     }
 
     /// Command-line configuration.
     impl Cli {
-        pub fn run (&self, mut config: Option<Arc<Config>>) -> Usually<()> {
+        pub fn run <'a> (&self, mut config: Option<Arc<Config<'a>>>) -> UsuallyRef<'a, ()> {
             if config.is_none() {
                 config = Some(Config::init_new(None)?);
             }
@@ -323,20 +323,20 @@ mod config {
             }
         }
         /// Create, initialize, and watch a new configuration.
-        pub fn watched <T> (callback: impl FnOnce(Arc<Self>)->T) -> Usually<T> {
+        pub fn watched <T> (callback: impl FnOnce(Arc<Self>)->T) -> UsuallyRef<'a, T> {
             let config = Self::init_new(None)?;
             Self::watch(config.clone(), None)?;
             let result = callback(config);
             Ok(result)
         }
         /// Create and initialize a new configuration.
-        pub fn init_new (_dirs: Option<BaseDirectories>) -> Usually<Arc<Self>> {
+        pub fn init_new (_dirs: Option<BaseDirectories>) -> UsuallyRef<'a, Arc<Self>> {
             let config = Arc::new(Self::new(None));
             config.init()?;
             Ok(config)
         }
         /// Watch a config's file for changes.
-        pub fn watch (config: Arc<Self>, poll: Option<Duration>) -> Usually<()> {
+        pub fn watch (config: Arc<Self>, poll: Option<Duration>) -> UsuallyRef<'a, ()> {
             let handler = {
                 let config = config.clone();
                 move |result|match result {
@@ -378,18 +378,18 @@ mod config {
             self.dirs.get_config_file(Self::CONFIG)
         }
         /// Write initial contents of configuration.
-        pub fn init (&self) -> Usually<()> {
+        pub fn init (&self) -> UsuallyRef<'a, ()> {
             //println!("\r\ninit {}", quanta::Clock::new().raw());
             self.clear();
-            self.load(Self::CONFIG, Self::DEFAULTS, |cfgs, dsl|{
+            self.load(Self::CONFIG, Self::DEFAULTS, move|cfgs, dsl|{
                 cfgs.add(&dsl)?;
                 Ok(())
             })
         }
         /// Write initial contents of a configuration file.
-        pub fn load <F: FnMut(&Self, &str)->Usually<()>> (
+        pub fn load <F: FnMut(&Self, &str)->UsuallyRef<'a, ()>> (
             &self, path: &str, defaults: &str, mut each: F
-        ) -> UsuallyRef<()> {
+        ) -> UsuallyRef<'a, ()> {
             self.stamp.store(quanta::Clock::new().raw(), Relaxed);
             if self.find_file().is_none() {
                 //println!("Creating {path:?}");
@@ -404,7 +404,7 @@ mod config {
             })
         }
         /// Add statements to configuration from [Dsl] source.
-        pub fn add (&self, dsl: impl Language) -> Usually<&Self> {
+        pub fn add (&'a self, dsl: impl Language) -> UsuallyRef<'a, &Self> {
             dsl.each(|item|self.add_one(item))?;
             Ok(self)
         }
@@ -423,9 +423,9 @@ mod config {
                     let name = tail.head()?;
                     let body = tail.tail()?;
                     match head {
-                        Some("mode") if let Some(name) = name => self.modes.add(name, &body)?,
-                        Some("keys") if let Some(name) = name => load_bind(&self.binds, &name, &body)?,
-                        Some("view") if let Some(name) = name => load_view(&self.views, &name, &body)?,
+                        Some("mode") if let Some(name) = name => self.modes.add(name, body)?,
+                        Some("keys") if let Some(name) = name => load_bind(&self.binds, name, body)?,
+                        Some("view") if let Some(name) = name => load_view(&self.views, name, body)?,
                         _ => return Ok::<Option<()>, Box<dyn Error>>(None)
                     }
                     Ok(Some(()))
@@ -447,9 +447,7 @@ mod config {
     impl<'a> Modes<'a> {
         /// Register a mode.
         pub fn add (
-            &self,
-            name: &'a (impl AsRef<str> + ?Sized),
-            body: &(impl Language + ?Sized)
+            &self, name: &'a (impl AsRef<str> + ?Sized), body: impl Language
         )
             -> UsuallyRef<'a, ()>
         {
@@ -526,9 +524,9 @@ mod config {
             })?))
         }
         /// Add a submode to the mode.
-        fn add_mode (&mut self, dsl: &'a (impl Language + ?Sized)) -> PerhapsRef<'a, ()> {
+        fn add_mode (&mut self, dsl: &'a (impl Language + ?Sized + 'a)) -> PerhapsRef<'a, ()> {
             Ok(Some(if let Some(id) = dsl.head()? {
-                self.modes.add(&id, &dsl.tail())?;
+                self.modes.add(id, &dsl.tail())?;
             } else {
                 return Err(format!("Mode::add: self: incomplete: {dsl:?}").into());
             }))
@@ -860,7 +858,7 @@ mod bind {
         > (state: &mut Self, src: &str) -> Usually<bool> where
             Self: Namespace<T>,
         {
-            if let Some(command) = Namespace::<T>::namespace(state, src)? {
+            if let Some(command) = Namespace::<T>::namespace(state, &src)? {
                 match command.clone().dispatch(state) {
                     Err(err) => {
                         state.history.push((command.into(), None));
@@ -986,9 +984,9 @@ mod bind {
     }
 
     pub(crate) fn load_bind <'a> (
-        binds: &Binds, name: &impl AsRef<str>, body: &impl Language
+        binds: &Binds, name: impl AsRef<str>, body: impl Language
     ) -> Usually<()> {
-        binds.write().unwrap().insert(name.as_ref().into(), Bind::load(body)?);
+        binds.write().unwrap().insert(name.as_ref().into(), Bind::load(&body)?);
         Ok(())
     }
 
@@ -1313,7 +1311,7 @@ mod draw {
 
     /// Load custom view definition.
     pub(crate) fn load_view <'a> (
-        views: &Views, name: &impl AsRef<str>, body: &'a impl Language,
+        views: &Views, name: impl AsRef<str>, body: impl Language,
     ) -> UsuallyRef<'a, ()> {
         views.write().unwrap().insert(
             name.as_ref().into(),
@@ -1332,7 +1330,7 @@ mod draw {
             //self.perf.cycle(&mut |_|{
                 draw(|to: &mut Tui|{
                     self.draw_error(to)?;
-                    self.draw_mode(to)?;
+                    self.draw_modes(to)?;
                     //self.draw_debug(to)?;
                     Ok(Some(to.area().into()))
                 })
@@ -1348,31 +1346,39 @@ mod draw {
             Ok(())
         }
 
-        fn draw_mode <'a> (&'a self, to: &mut Tui) -> UsuallyRef<'a, ()> {
+        fn draw_modes <'a> (&'a self, to: &mut Tui) -> UsuallyRef<'a, ()> {
             if let Some(mode) = self.mode.as_ref().and_then(|m|self.config.get_mode(m)) {
+                let mut error = false;
                 for (index, dsl) in mode.view.iter().enumerate() {
-                    match self.interpret(to, dsl) {
-                        Ok(Some(XYWH(.., w, h))) => {
-                            self.size.0.store(w as usize, Relaxed);
-                            self.size.1.store(h as usize, Relaxed);
-                        },
-                        Err(e) => {
-                            let src = &dsl.src().unwrap_or(Some("<source error>")).unwrap_or("<no source>");
-                            let message = format!(
-                                "Mode:  {:?}\n\nLayer: #{index}\n\nError: {e}\n\nSource:\n{src}",
-                                &mode.name
-                            );
-                            *self.error.write().unwrap() = Some(message.into());
-                            return Err(e);
-                        },
-                        _ => {}
+                    if let Err(e) = self.draw_mode(to, dsl) {
+                        let src = &dsl.src().unwrap_or(Some("<source error>")).unwrap_or("<no source>");
+                        let message = format!(
+                            "Mode:  {:?}\n\nLayer: #{index}\n\nError: {e}\n\nSource:\n{src}",
+                            &mode.name
+                        );
+                        *self.error.write().unwrap() = Some(message.into());
+                        error = true;
+                        break;
                     }
                 }
-                *self.error.write().unwrap() = None;
+                if !error {
+                    *self.error.write().unwrap() = None;
+                }
             }
             Ok(())
         }
 
+        fn draw_mode <'a> (&'a self, to: &mut Tui, dsl: &'a impl Language) -> UsuallyRef<'a, ()> {
+            Ok(match self.interpret(to, dsl) {
+                Err(e) => return Err(e),
+                Ok(None) => {},
+                Ok(Some(XYWH(.., w, h))) => {
+                    self.size.0.store(w as usize, Relaxed);
+                    self.size.1.store(h as usize, Relaxed);
+                },
+            })
+        }
+
         fn draw_debug (&self, to: &mut Tui) -> Drawn<u16> {
              east(
                  format!("{}x{} ", self.size.0.load(Relaxed), self.size.1.load(Relaxed)),
diff --git a/tengri b/tengri
index 291ab632..e69d4287 160000
--- a/tengri
+++ b/tengri
@@ -1 +1 @@
-Subproject commit 291ab632245c8beb83973da4f5157eb7b40cc7eb
+Subproject commit e69d4287e0ee1f751d2f096f7f85b43628cef259